1、 安装

pip install openpyxl

想要在文件中插入图片文件，需要安装pillow，安装文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

· font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等

· fill(填充类)：颜色等

· border(边框类)：设置单元格边框

· alignment(位置类)：对齐方式

· number_format(格式类)：数据格式

· protection(保护类)：写保护

2、 创建一个excel 文件，并写入不同类的内容

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook() #创建文件对象

# grab the active worksheet

ws = wb.active #获取第一个sheet

# Data can be assigned directly to cells

ws['A1'] = 42 #写入数字

ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文(unicode中文也可)

# Rows can also be appended

ws.append([1, 2, 3]) #写入多个单元格

# Python types will automatically be converted

import datetime

import time

ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #写入一个当前时间

#写入一个自定义的时间格式

ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime())

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

3、 创建sheet

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet

ws1.title = "New Title" #设定一个sheet的名字

ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) #设定sheet的插入位置 默认插在后面

ws2.title = u"你好" #设定一个sheet的名字 必须是Unicode

ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" #设定sheet的标签的背景颜色

#获取某个sheet对象

print wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"你好" )

print wb["New Title" ]

#获取全部sheet 的名字，遍历sheet名字

print wb.sheetnames

for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:

print sheet_name

print "*"*50

for sheet in wb:

print sheet.title

#复制一个sheet

wb["New Title" ]["A1"]="zeke"

source = wb["New Title" ]

target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)

# w3 = wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title'])

# ws3.title = 'new2'

# wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']).title = 'hello'

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

4、 操作单元格

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=123.11

ws1["B2"]="你好"

d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

print ws1["A1"].value

print ws1["B2"].value

print d.value

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

5、 操作批量的单元格

无论ws.rows还是ws.iter_rows都是一个对象

除上述两个对象外 单行，单列都是一个元祖，多行多列是二维元祖

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=1

ws1["A2"]=2

ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["B1"]=4

ws1["B2"]=5

ws1["B3"]=6

ws1["C1"]=7

ws1["C2"]=8

ws1["C3"]=9

#操作单列

print ws1["A"]

for cell in ws1["A"]:

print cell.value

#操作多列,获取每一个值

print ws1["A:C"]

for column in ws1["A:C"]:

for cell in column:

print cell.value

#操作多行

row_range = ws1[1:3]

print row_range

for row in row_range:

for cell in row:

print cell.value

print "*"*50

for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):

for cell in row:

print cell.value

#获取所有行

print ws1.rows

for row in ws1.rows:

print row

print "*"*50

#获取所有列

print ws1.columns

for col in ws1.columns:

print col

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

使用百分数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

wb.guess_types = True

ws=wb.active

ws["D1"]="12%"

print ws["D1"].value

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#结果会打印小数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

wb.guess_types = False

ws=wb.active

ws["D1"]="12%"

print ws["D1"].value

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#结果会打印百分数

获取所有的行对象：

#coding=utf-8

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active

rows=[]

for row in ws.iter_rows():

rows.append(row)

print rows #所有行

print rows[0] #获取第一行

print rows[0][0] #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象

print rows[0][0].value #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象的值

print rows[len(rows)-1] #获取最后行 print rows[-1]

print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1] #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象

print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1].value #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象的值

获取所有的列对象：

#coding=utf-8

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active

cols=[]

cols = []

for col in ws.iter_cols():

cols.append(col)

print cols #所有列

print cols[0] #获取第一列

print cols[0][0] #获取第一列的第一行的单元格对象

print cols[0][0].value #获取第一列的第一行的值

print "*"*30

print cols[len(cols)-1] #获取最后一列

print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1] #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象

print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1].value #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象的值

6、 操作已经存在的文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

wb.guess_types = True #猜测格式类型

ws=wb.active

ws["D1"]="12%"

print ws["D1"].value

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失

7、 单元格类型

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

import datetime

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active

wb.guess_types = True

ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)

print ws["A1"].number_format

ws["A2"]="12%"

print ws["A2"].number_format

ws["A3"]= 1.1

print ws["A4"].number_format

ws["A4"]= "中国"

print ws["A5"].number_format

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

执行结果：

yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss

0%

General

General

#如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0%

数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型

8、 使用公式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws1["A1"]=1

ws1["A2"]=2

ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"

ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"

print ws1["A4"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值

print ws1["A5"].value #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

9、 合并单元格

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')

ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') #合并后的单元格，脚本单独执行拆分操作会报错，需要重新执行合并操作再拆分

# or equivalently

ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

10、插入一个图片

需要先安装Pilow,安全文件是：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

img = Image('e:\\1.png')

ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

11、 隐藏单元格

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隐藏a到d列范围内的列

#ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

12、 画一个柱状图

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

for i in range(10):

ws.append([i])

values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)

chart = BarChart()

chart.add_data(values)

ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

13、 画一个饼图

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference)

from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint

data = [

['Pie', 'Sold'],

['Apple', 50],

['Cherry', 30],

['Pumpkin', 10],

['Chocolate', 40],

]

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

for row in data:

ws.append(row)

pie = PieChart()

labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)

data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)

pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)

pie.set_categories(labels)

pie.title = "Pies sold by category"

# Cut the first slice out of the pie

slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20)

pie.series[0].data_points = [slice]

ws.add_chart(pie, "D1")

ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection")

data = [

['Page', 'Views'],

['Search', 95],

['Products', 4],

['Offers', 0.5],

['Sales', 0.5],

]

for row in data:

ws.append(row)

projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart()

projected_pie.type = "pie"

projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value

labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)

data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)

projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)

projected_pie.set_categories(labels)

ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10")

from copy import deepcopy

projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie)

projected_bar.type = "bar"

projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position

ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27")

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

14、 设定一个表格区域，并设定表格的格式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

data = [

['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],

['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],

['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],

['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],

]

# add column headings. NB. these must be strings

ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])

for row in data:

ws.append(row)

tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")

# Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns

style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,

showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)

#第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否···

#是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色

tab.tableStyleInfo = style

ws.add_table(tab)

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

15、给单元格设定字体颜色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色

a1.font = ft

d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

#italic 倾斜字体

a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1

a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

16、设定字体和大小

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

a1.value = "abc"

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from copy import copy

ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)

ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象

ft2.name = "Tahoma"

print ft1.name

print ft2.name

print ft2.size # copied from the

a1.font = ft1

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

17、设定行和列的字体

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

col = ws.column_dimensions['A']

col.font = Font(bold=True) #将A列设定为粗体

row = ws.row_dimensions[1]

row.font = Font(underline="single") #将第一行设定为下划线格式

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

18、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")

highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")

highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充

bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")

highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)

print dir(ws["A1"])

ws["A1"].style =highlight

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

19、常用的样式和属性设置

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',

size=11,

bold=False,

italic=False,

vertAlign=None,

underline='none',

strike=False,

color='FF000000')

fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",

start_color='FFEEFFFF',

end_color='FF001100')

#边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']

#diagonal 表示对角线

bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",

color='FF001000'),

right=Side(border_style="thin",

color='FF110000'),

top=Side(border_style="thin",

color='FF110000'),

bottom=Side(border_style="thin",

color='FF110000'),

diagonal=Side(border_style=None,

color='FF000000'),

diagonal_direction=0,

outline=Side(border_style=None,

color='FF000000'),

vertical=Side(border_style=None,

color='FF000000'),

horizontal=Side(border_style=None,

color='FF110000')

)

alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',

vertical='bottom',

text_rotation=0,

wrap_text=False,

shrink_to_fit=False,

indent=0)

number_format = 'General'

protection = Protection(locked=True,

hidden=False)

ws["B5"].font = ft

ws["B5"].fill =fill

ws["B5"].border = bd

ws["B5"].alignment = alignment

ws["B5"].number_format = number_format

ws["B5"].value ="zeke"

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")