（一）TestNG测试框架之HelloWorld入门

前言

该篇文章主要覆盖环境配置、testNG入门、执行测试三块内容。

工具

IntelliJ IDEA
TestNG 6.11
Maven

pom.xml配置

新建一个maven项目，pom.xml引入依赖。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>TestNG-Learning</groupId><artifactId>TestNG</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.testng</groupId><artifactId>testng</artifactId><version>6.11</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

案例

TestNG的入门异常简单，如下所示，@BeforeClass注解方法相当于用例执行前的数据准备，@Test注解方法相当于用例执行，@AfterClass注解方法相当于用例执行后的数据销毁/恢复，其他注解后续文章再覆盖讲解。

代码结构

import org.testng.annotations.*;public class TestNGHelloWorld {@BeforeClasspublic void setUp(){System.out.println("setUp!");}@Testpublic void helloWorld(){System.out.println("My first TestNG testCase!");}@AfterClasspublic void tearDown(){System.out.println("tearDown!");}
}

执行结果如下：

setUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!
===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

执行测试

用例编写完成后，可通过以下几种方式来执行测试。

ant构建

使用ant来执行测试，遵循步骤如下。
1、安装ant。
自行百度。
2、配置build.xml文件。

<project default="test"><path id="cp"><pathelement location="lib/testng-6.11.jar"/><pathelement location="lib/jcommander-1.48.jar"/><pathelement location="build"/></path><taskdef name="testng" classpathref="cp"classname="org.testng.TestNGAntTask" /><target name="test"><testng classpathref="cp" ><classfileset dir="build" includes="TestNGHelloWorld.class"/></testng></target></project>

3、切换到build.xml文件目录，执行ant命令。

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG>ant
Buildfile: D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build.xmltest:[testng] setUp![testng] My first TestNG testCase![testng] tearDown![testng][testng] ===============================================[testng] Ant suite[testng] Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0[testng] ===============================================[testng]BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds

各目录结构如下所示。
文件结构-ant

TestNGHelloWorld.class

lib

务必下载jcommander.jar，否则报错如下。

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG>ant
Buildfile: D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build.xmltest:[testng] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/beust/jcommander/ParameterException[testng]     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)[testng]     at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)[testng]     at java.lang.Class.privateGetMethodRecursive(Class.java:3048)[testng]     at java.lang.Class.getMethod0(Class.java:3018)[testng]     at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1784)[testng]     at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.validateMainClass(LauncherHelper.java:544)[testng]     at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:526)[testng] Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException[testng]     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)[testng]     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)[testng]     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)[testng]     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)[testng]     ... 7 more[testng] Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again[testng] The tests failed.

如果有包路径，需把包路径添加上去。

<project default="test"><path id="cp"><pathelement location="lib/testng-6.8.7.jar"/><pathelement location="lib/jcommander-1.48.jar"/><pathelement location="build"/></path><taskdef name="testng" classpathref="cp"classname="org.testng.TestNGAntTask" /><target name="test"><testng classpathref="cp" ><!--includes需加上包路径--><classfileset dir="build" includes="com/demo/test/TestHello.class"/></testng></target></project>

xml执行

新建testNG.xml文件(可参考《IDEA自动生成TestNG的testng.xml》文章)，右键run即可。如下xml结构是根据class来执行测试，其他结构配置后续再详解。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Default Suite"><test name="TestNG"><classes><class name="TestNGHelloWorld"/></classes></test> <!-- TestNG -->
</suite> <!-- Default Suite -->

testNG.xml run

命令行执行

步骤：
1、环境变量配置
TestNGHome

ClassPath

2、编译
TestNGHelloWorld.class

3、自定义classpath（第2步的TestNGHelloWorld.class路径）

java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG testNG.xml

执行xml：

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG testNG.xml
[TestNG] Running:D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib\testNG.xmlsetUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

执行class：

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG -testclass TestNGHelloWorld
[TestNG] Running:Command line suitesetUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!===============================================
Command line suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

还可以将命令行开关放在文本文件中，例如d:\test.txt。，并告诉TestNG使用该文件检索其参数，执行结果与上面的一致。

d:\test.txt 内容：testNG.xml
编译后的class文件在D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib下

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -Dtestng.test.classpath org.testng.TestNG @d:\test.txt
[TestNG] Running:D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib\testNG.xmlsetUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

命令行执行更多的参数可参考官网。

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d50965b938d