Netty深入浅出（一）入门

传统Socket中，NIO和IO的比较（Nio知识回顾）

IO

阻塞点： server.accept(); 和
单线程情况下只能有一个客户端
用线程池可以有多个客户端连接，但是非常消耗性能

NIO

selector.select()会产生阻塞的效果，但是它其实是非阻塞的
为什么呢？
selector.select(1000); 1s检测一次
selector.wakeup(); 唤醒selector
可以任由我们控制休眠和唤醒操作，所以它其实是非阻塞型
要想更加了解NIO，请查看我的NIO专题

什么是netty

netty可以运用在那些领域？

1分布式进程通信
例如: hadoop、dubbo、akka等具有分布式功能的框架，底层RPC通信都是基于netty实现的，这些框架使用的版本通常都还在用netty3.x

2、游戏服务器开发
最新的游戏服务器有部分公司可能已经开始采用netty4.x 或 netty5.x

1、netty服务端hello world案例

1. 创建Server类

package com.netty;import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/*** Created by Fant.J.* 2018/2/2 21:28*/
public class Server {public static void main(String[] args) {//服务类ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();//两个线程池ExecutorService booss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();//设置niosocket工厂bootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(booss,worker));//设置管道工厂bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {@Overridepublic ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();//将网络传输中的字节码(ChannelBuffer) 转换成String  可看源码pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());//将管道交给HelloHandler处理pipeline.addLast("helloHandler",new HelloHandler());return pipeline;}});bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(10101));System.out.println("server start");}
}

2. 创建HelloHandler类

需要继承SimpleChannelHandler类，然后重写几个基本方法

messageReceived() 接受消息
exceptionCaught() 捕获异常
channelConnected() 建立连接
channelDisconnected() 断开连接：必须是连接已经建立，关闭通道的时候才会触发。
channelClosed() 关闭通道

package com.netty;import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;/*** 接受消息* Created by Fant.J.* 2018/2/2 22:54*/
public class HelloHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler{/*** Invoked when a message object (e.g: {@link ChannelBuffer}) was received* from a remote peer.* 接受消息* @param ctx* @param e*/@Overridepublic void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
//        int i = 1/0;
//        System.out.println("messageReceived()");
//        ChannelBuffer message = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage();
//        String s = new String(message.array());System.out.println(e.getMessage());
//        System.out.println(s);//回复数据ChannelBuffer channelBuffer = ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer("hi".getBytes());ctx.getChannel().write(channelBuffer);super.messageReceived(ctx, e);}/*** Invoked when an exception was raised by an I/O thread or a* {@link ChannelHandler}.* 捕获异常* @param ctx* @param e*/@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("exceptionCaught()");super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);}/*** Invoked when a {@link Channel} is open, bound to a local address, and* connected to a remote address.* 建立连接* @param ctx* @param e*/@Overridepublic void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelConnected() ");super.channelConnected(ctx, e);}/*** Invoked when a {@link Channel} was disconnected from its remote peer.* 断开连接：必须是连接已经建立，关闭通道的时候才会触发。* @param ctx* @param e*/@Overridepublic void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelDisconnected()");super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);}/*** Invoked when a {@link Channel} was closed and all its related resources* were released.* 关闭通道* @param ctx* @param e*/@Overridepublic void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelClosed()");super.channelClosed(ctx, e);}
}

因为网络之间传输是通过字节来传输，所以我们在messageReceived()方法里，获取到的message需要对其进行String转换。转换方法：

//先拿到message对应的channelbuffer对象
ChannelBuffer message = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage();
String s = new String(message.array());

同样，我们如果想要回复数据，也要将String转换成字节，这是实例中的一个例子：

//前面管道的实例化 这里省略，直接贴出给管道进行StringDecoder()处理代码
pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());

让我们来研究下原理，其实是这样转换的：

//创建一个ChannelBuffer对象，并赋值 字节
ChannelBuffer channelBuffer = ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer("hi".getBytes());
//获取到Channel并执行write()方法
ctx.getChannel().write(channelBuffer);

github路径：https://github.com/jiaofanting/Java-nio-and-netty-spring-demo/tree/master/src/com/netty

2、netty客户端hello world案例

Client类

package com.netty.client;import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/*** Created by Fant.J.* 2018/2/3 10:59*/
public class Client {public static void main(String []args){//服务类ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();//线程池ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();//socket工厂bootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boss,worker));//管道工厂bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {@Overridepublic ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());pipeline.addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder());pipeline.addLast("hiHandler",new HiHandler());return pipeline;}});//连接服务器ChannelFuture connect  = bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",10101));Channel channel = connect.getChannel();System.out.println("client start");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);while (true){System.out.println("please input string");channel.write(scanner.next());}}
}

HiHandler类

package com.netty.client;import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;/*** 消息接受处理器* Created by Fant.J.* 2018/2/3 10:59*/
public class HiHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler{/*** 接收消息*/@Overridepublic void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {String s = (String) e.getMessage();System.out.println(s);super.messageReceived(ctx, e);}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("exceptionCaught()");super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);}@Overridepublic void channelOpen(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelOpen()");super.channelOpen(ctx, e);}@Overridepublic void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelConnected()");super.channelConnected(ctx, e);}@Overridepublic void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelDisconnected()");super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);}@Overridepublic void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelClosed()");super.channelClosed(ctx, e);}
}