.NET Framework、C#语言、IDE、CLR 版本历史及其差异(最新)

1.版本整合：

2..NET Framework 版本差异

版本	发行的功能及其特点
1.0	First Version of CLR and Base Class Library（CLR的第一个版本及其基础类库）
1.1	1. First Major version of .NET Framework（.net框架的第一个主版本） 2. Built-in support for mobile ASP.NET controls. Previously available as an add-on for .NET Framework, now part of the framework（增加内建支持asp.net的mobile控件） 3. Security changes – enable Windows Forms assemblies to execute in a semi-trusted manner from the Internet, and enable Code Access Security in ASP.NET applications （启用asp.net代码访问安全） 4. Built-in support for ODBC and Oracle databases. Previously available as an add-on for .NET Framework 1.0, now part of the framework （增加内建支持ODBC和Oracle的数据库） 5. .NET Compact Framework – a version of the .NET Framework for small devices 6. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
2.0	1. Generics （泛型） 2. Language support for generics built directly into the .NET CLR 3. Full 64-bit support for both the x64 and the IA-64 hardware platforms （64位支持） 4. SQL Server integration – .NET 2.0, VS 2005, and SQL Server 2005 are all tied together. This means that instead of using T-SQL, one can build stored procedures and triggers in any of the .NET-compatible languages 5. A new hosting API for native applications wishing to host an instance of the .NET runtime. The new API gives a fine grain control on the behavior of the runtime with regards to multithreading, memory allocation, assembly loading and more 6. Many additional and improved ASP.NET web controls 7. New data controls with declarative data binding 8. New personalization features for ASP.NET, such as support for themes, skins, master pages and webparts 9. .NET Micro Framework – a version of the .NET Framework related to the Smart Personal Objects Technology initiative 10. Membership provider（成员提供） 11. Partial classes（部分类） 12. Nullable types（可空类型） 13. Anonymous methods（匿名方法） 14. Iterators（迭代器） 15. Data tables
3.0	1. Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), a new user interface subsystem and API based on XML and vector graphics, which uses 3D computer graphics hardware and Direct3D technologies 2. Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), a service-oriented messaging system which allows programs to interoperate locally or remotely similar to web services 3. Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) allows for building of task automation and integrated transactions using workflows 4. Windows CardSpace, a software component which securely stores a person’s digital identities and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging in to a website
3.5	1. Added new features such as AJAX-enabled Web sites and LINQ 2. The SP1 update added 2.1. .NET Framework Client Profile 2.2. Dynamic Data 2.3. Two new data service components added, ADO.NET Entity Framework and ADO.NET Data Services 2.4. Two new assemblies for web development, System.Web.Abstraction and System.Web.Routing 2.5. New set of controls “Visual Basic Power Packs” introduced
4.0	1. New Version of CLR 2. Parallel Extensions to improve support for parallel computing, which target multi-core or distributed systems. To this end, technologies like PLINQ (Parallel LINQ), a parallel implementation of the LINQ engine, and Task Parallel Library, which exposes parallel constructs via method calls are included 3. New Visual Basic .NET and C# language features, such as implicit line continuations, dynamic dispatch, named parameters, and optional parameters 4. Code Contracts 5. Inclusion of new types to work with arbitrary-precision arithmetic (System.Numerics.BigInteger) and complex numbers (System.Numerics.Complex) 6. Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) 7. Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF) 8. Windows Server AppFabric for application server capabilities in the form of AppFabric hosting and in-memory distributed caching support
4.5	1..NET for Metro style Apps 2.Portable Class Libraries 3.Better performance through background garbage collection for servers. When you use server garbage collection in the .NET Framework 4.5 RC, background garbage collection is automatically enable 4.Background just-in-time (JIT) compilation, 5.Asynchronous methods 6.Caller info attributes 7.Web Socket 8.ASP.NET:Support for new HTML5 form types ....

3. C#语言版本差异：

C# 1.0; released with .NET 1.0 and VS2002 (January 2002)
C# 1.2 (bizarrely enough); released with .NET 1.1 and VS2003 (April 2003). First version to call Dispose on IEnumerators which implemented IDisposable. A few other small features.
C# 2.0; released with .NET 2.0 and VS2005 (November 2005). Major new features: generics, anonymous methods, nullable types, iterator blocks,Private setters (properties),Method group conversions (delegates),Partial types and methods
C# 3.0; released with .NET 3.5 and VS2008 (November 2007). Major new features: lambda expressions, extension methods, expression trees, anonymous types, implicit typing (var), query expressions, object and collection initializers, automatic properties.
C# 4.0; released with .NET 4 and VS2010 (April 2010). Major new features: late binding (dynamic), delegate and interface generic variance, more COM support, named arguments and optional parameters
C# 5.0; released with .NET 4.5 and VS2012 (February 2012). Major features: async programming, Windows Runtimesupport,caller info attributes.
Future: Compiler-as-a-service("Roslyn")

4. 快速记忆：

.NET 2.0 = CLR + BCL + C#(VB.NET) +Win Form+ Web Form.

.NET 3.0 = .NET 2.0 + WCF + WPF + WF + WCS

.NET 3.5 = .NET 3.0 +ASP.NET AJAX + Silverlight + LINQ + ADO.NET Entity Framework and Data Services

.NET 4.0 = .NET 3.5 + PLINQ and Task Parallel + DLR + Background GC

.NET 4.5 = .NET 4.0 + .NET for Metro + Async + Background JIT + Web Sockets

5. 图解：

6.检查CLR版本：

   System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment.GetSystemVersion()

7.注意：

.NET Framework 1.0、1.1 、 2.0和4.0 版是彼此完全独立的
当 1.0、1.1 、 2.0和4.0 版位于同一台计算机上时，每个版本都有自己的公共语言运行库、类库和编译器，
.NET Framework 提供高度的向后兼容性支持,只有对于 1.1 版，.NET Framework 还支持向前兼容性
使用 2.0 版创建的应用程序将不在 .NET Framework 的早期版本上运行

8.C#语言规范：

Microsoft specifications

C# 4.0 (2010; Word document; also available as HTML)
C# 3.0 (unified, 2007; Word document)
C# 2.0 (September 2005; Word document)
C# 1.2 (2003; Word document)
C# 1.0 (2002; Word document)

ECMA specifications

Latest contents: - Fourth edition (June 2006; PDF)
Archives of old editions:
- Third edition (June 2005; PDF)
- Second edition (December 2002; PDF)
- First edition (December 2001; PDF)

Annotated specifications

Both the ECMA and Microsoft teams have produced annotated specifications, with interesting comments from the design team and some members of the community. I can thoroughly recommend them as providing extra insight. (Disclaimer: I contributed annotations to the ECMA C# 2 and Microsoft C# 4 specs.)

Microsoft (C# 4) (due out in November 2010)
Microsoft (C# 3)
ECMA (C# 2)

参考资料：

.NET Framework version history and C Sharp (program language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_version_history

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_.NET_Framework_versions

.NET Version

http://csharpindepth.com/articles/chapter1/versions.aspx

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/247621/what-are-the-correct-version-numbers-for-c

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/johnwpowell/archive/2008/03/16/c-and-net-framework-features-by-version-quick-reference.aspx

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/212896/how-do-the-net-framework-clr-and-visual-studio-version-numbers-relate-to-each

http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben/archive/2007/10/13/923267.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben/archive/2009/12/13/1622806.html

http://www.soaspx.com/dotnet/asp.net/Advance/advance_20100418_3853.html

.NET 4.5 New features

.NET Versioning and Multi-Targeting - .NET 4.5 is an in-place upgrade to .NET 4.0

http://www.hanselman.com/blog/NETVersioningAndMultiTargetingNET45IsAnInplaceUpgradeToNET40.aspx

What's New in the .NET Framework 4.5 RC

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms171868(v=vs.110)

资料收集：

微软推出下一代互联网构想

如何判断 .NET Compact Framework 的版本

.NET 3.5的版本问题

HOWTO: Determining the .NET Compact Framework Version

What .NET Framework version numbers go with what service pack

Sample code to detect .NET Framework 1.0 and 1.1 and service packs

Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable 1.0 - 简体中文

Deploying Microsoft .NET Framework Version 3.0

Update Deployment for Visual Studio and the .NET Framework

Understanding User-Agent Strings

(Download) Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1 (Installer)

(KB318785) 如何确定安装了哪些版本的 .NET Framework 以及是否应用了 Service Pack

(KB818380) How to obtain the latest .NET Framework 1.0 service pack

(KB318836) 如何获取最新的 .NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack

(KB885055) 如何获取 Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1

(KB915756) How to install and update the .NET Framework 1.1 on different operating systems

(KB928367) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows Vista、Windows Server 2003、Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack 3 (SP3) 安全更新说明

(KB928366) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1 (SP1) 安全更新说明

(KB928365) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows Server 2003、Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 2.0 安全更新说明

(KB932471) FIX: Error message when you try to open or to create a protected XPS document by using the XPS viewer that is included with the .NET Framework 3.0: "Cannot open this document because your permissions have expired"

(KB2468871) Update for Microsoft .NET Framework 4

(2002-02-13) Microsoft Launches XML Web Services Revolution With Visual Studio .NET and .NET Framework

(2003-04-24) Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Is Available Worldwide Today

(2004-07-03) Download Visual Studio Whidbey Express Versions Now!!

(2005-04-18) Visual Studio 2005 and .NET Framework 2.0 beta 2 now available

(2005-10-27) Final official version of .NET Framework 2.0 is available for download!

(2006-11-07) The final version of the .NET Framework 3.0 is now available for download

(2007-01-30) Microsoft Launches Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 to Consumers Worldwide

(2007-04-19) Visual Studio "Orcas" and .NET FX 3.5 Beta1 shipped!

(2007-07-26) Announcing the release of Visual Studio 2008 Beta 2, .NET FX 3.5 Beta 2, and Silverlight 1.0 RC

(2007-11-19) Visual Studio 2008 and .NET Framework 3.5 shipped!

(2008-08-11) Service Pack 1 for VS 2008 and .NET FX 3.5 released!

(2010-04-12) Announcing availability of Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4

(2011-03-08) Announcing Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/PurpleCow/archive/2012/06/17/2552780.html