Docker 会缓存已有镜像的镜像层，构建新镜像时，如果某镜像层已经存在，就直接使用，无需重新创建。

举例说明

 1 root@ubuntu:~# cat Dockerfile
 2 FROM ubuntu
 3 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y vim
 4 COPY testfile /
 5 root@ubuntu:~#
 6 root@ubuntu:~# echo test > testfile
 7 root@ubuntu:~#
 8 root@ubuntu:~# ls
 9 Dockerfile  testfile
10 root@ubuntu:~#
11 root@ubuntu:~# docker build -t ubuntu-with-vi-dockerfile-2 .
12 Sending build context to Docker daemon  22.53kB
13 Step 1/3 : FROM ubuntu
14  ---> 1d9c17228a9e
15 Step 2/3 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y vim
16  ---> Using cache
17  ---> 1e996ab06bb9
18 Step 3/3 : COPY testfile /
19  ---> 06d809a4f0b3
20 Successfully built 06d809a4f0b3
21 Successfully tagged ubuntu-with-vi-dockerfile-2:latest
22 root@ubuntu:~#

  1. 已有文件testfile
  2. 之前已经运行过相同的 RUN 指令，这次直接使用缓存镜像（1e996ab06bb9）执行 COPY 指令。
  3. 其过程是启动临时容器，复制 testfile，提交新的镜像层 06d809a4f0b3，删除临时容器。
  4. 生成镜像 ubuntu-with-vi-dockerfile-2:latest

Dockerfile 中每一个指令都会创建一个镜像层，上层是依赖于下层的。无论什么时候，只要某一层发生变化，其上面所有层的缓存都会失效。

交换前面 RUN 和 COPY 的顺序，缓存失效了，具体执行过程如下。

  1 root@ubuntu:~# cat Dockerfile
  2 FROM ubuntu
  3 COPY testfile /
  4 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y vim
  5 root@ubuntu:~# ls
  6 Dockerfile  testfile
  7 root@ubuntu:~# docker build -t ubuntu-with-vi-dockerfile-3 .
  8 Sending build context to Docker daemon  22.53kB
  9 Step 1/3 : FROM ubuntu
 10  ---> 1d9c17228a9e
 11 Step 2/3 : COPY testfile /
 12  ---> 7d12b6a5ab50
 13 Step 3/3 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y vim
 14  ---> Running in 046839fb7974
 15 Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
 16 Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
 17 Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [135 kB]
 18 Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [300 kB]
 19 Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [1367 B]
 20 Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
 21 Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
 22 Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [11.3 MB]
 23 Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1344 kB]
 24 Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 Packages [186 kB]
 25 Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/restricted amd64 Packages [13.5 kB]
 26 Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [618 kB]
 27 Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [10.7 kB]
 28 Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [900 kB]
 29 Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [6931 B]
 30 Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [3655 B]
 31 Fetched 15.3 MB in 1min 3s (243 kB/s)
 32 Reading package lists...
 33 Reading package lists...
 34 Building dependency tree...
 35 Reading state information...
 36 The following additional packages will be installed:
 37   file libexpat1 libgpm2 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3.6
 38   libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib libreadline7 libsqlite3-0 libssl1.1
 39   mime-support readline-common vim-common vim-runtime xxd xz-utils
 40 Suggested packages:
 41   gpm readline-doc ctags vim-doc vim-scripts
 42 The following NEW packages will be installed:
 43   file libexpat1 libgpm2 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3.6
 44   libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib libreadline7 libsqlite3-0 libssl1.1
 45   mime-support readline-common vim vim-common vim-runtime xxd xz-utils
 46 0 upgraded, 19 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
 47 Need to get 12.7 MB of archives.
 48 After this operation, 61.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
 49 Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libmagic-mgc amd64 1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1 [184 kB]
 50 Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libmagic1 amd64 1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1 [68.4 kB]
 51 Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 file amd64 1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1 [22.1 kB]
 52 Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libexpat1 amd64 2.2.5-3 [80.2 kB]
 53 Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libmpdec2 amd64 2.4.2-1ubuntu1 [84.1 kB]
 54 Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libssl1.1 amd64 1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.3 [1130 kB]
 55 Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3.6-minimal amd64 3.6.7-1~18.04 [531 kB]
 56 Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 mime-support all 3.60ubuntu1 [30.1 kB]
 57 Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 readline-common all 7.0-3 [52.9 kB]
 58 Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libreadline7 amd64 7.0-3 [124 kB]
 59 Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libsqlite3-0 amd64 3.22.0-1 [496 kB]
 60 Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3.6-stdlib amd64 3.6.7-1~18.04 [1711 kB]
 61 Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xxd amd64 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 [49.2 kB]
 62 Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 [70.4 kB]
 63 Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xz-utils amd64 5.2.2-1.3 [83.8 kB]
 64 Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libgpm2 amd64 1.20.7-5 [15.1 kB]
 65 Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3.6 amd64 3.6.7-1~18.04 [1415 kB]
 66 Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 [5437 kB]
 67 Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 [1152 kB]
 68 debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
 69 Fetched 12.7 MB in 8s (1632 kB/s)
 70 Selecting previously unselected package libmagic-mgc.
 71 (Reading database ... 4039 files and directories currently installed.)
 72 Preparing to unpack .../00-libmagic-mgc_1%3a5.32-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
 73 Unpacking libmagic-mgc (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
 74 Selecting previously unselected package libmagic1:amd64.
 75 Preparing to unpack .../01-libmagic1_1%3a5.32-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
 76 Unpacking libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
 77 Selecting previously unselected package file.
 78 Preparing to unpack .../02-file_1%3a5.32-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
 79 Unpacking file (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
 80 Selecting previously unselected package libexpat1:amd64.
 81 Preparing to unpack .../03-libexpat1_2.2.5-3_amd64.deb ...
 82 Unpacking libexpat1:amd64 (2.2.5-3) ...
 83 Selecting previously unselected package libmpdec2:amd64.
 84 Preparing to unpack .../04-libmpdec2_2.4.2-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
 85 Unpacking libmpdec2:amd64 (2.4.2-1ubuntu1) ...
 86 Selecting previously unselected package libssl1.1:amd64.
 87 Preparing to unpack .../05-libssl1.1_1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.3_amd64.deb ...
 88 Unpacking libssl1.1:amd64 (1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.3) ...
 89 Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.6-minimal:amd64.
 90 Preparing to unpack .../06-libpython3.6-minimal_3.6.7-1~18.04_amd64.deb ...
 91 Unpacking libpython3.6-minimal:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
 92 Selecting previously unselected package mime-support.
 93 Preparing to unpack .../07-mime-support_3.60ubuntu1_all.deb ...
 94 Unpacking mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
 95 Selecting previously unselected package readline-common.
 96 Preparing to unpack .../08-readline-common_7.0-3_all.deb ...
 97 Unpacking readline-common (7.0-3) ...
 98 Selecting previously unselected package libreadline7:amd64.
 99 Preparing to unpack .../09-libreadline7_7.0-3_amd64.deb ...
100 Unpacking libreadline7:amd64 (7.0-3) ...
101 Selecting previously unselected package libsqlite3-0:amd64.
102 Preparing to unpack .../10-libsqlite3-0_3.22.0-1_amd64.deb ...
103 Unpacking libsqlite3-0:amd64 (3.22.0-1) ...
104 Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64.
105 Preparing to unpack .../11-libpython3.6-stdlib_3.6.7-1~18.04_amd64.deb ...
106 Unpacking libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
107 Selecting previously unselected package xxd.
108 Preparing to unpack .../12-xxd_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
109 Unpacking xxd (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
110 Selecting previously unselected package vim-common.
111 Preparing to unpack .../13-vim-common_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
112 Unpacking vim-common (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
113 Selecting previously unselected package xz-utils.
114 Preparing to unpack .../14-xz-utils_5.2.2-1.3_amd64.deb ...
115 Unpacking xz-utils (5.2.2-1.3) ...
116 Selecting previously unselected package libgpm2:amd64.
117 Preparing to unpack .../15-libgpm2_1.20.7-5_amd64.deb ...
118 Unpacking libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.7-5) ...
119 Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.6:amd64.
120 Preparing to unpack .../16-libpython3.6_3.6.7-1~18.04_amd64.deb ...
121 Unpacking libpython3.6:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
122 Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
123 Preparing to unpack .../17-vim-runtime_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
124 Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
125 Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
126 Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
127 Selecting previously unselected package vim.
128 Preparing to unpack .../18-vim_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
129 Unpacking vim (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
130 Setting up readline-common (7.0-3) ...
131 Setting up libexpat1:amd64 (2.2.5-3) ...
132 Setting up mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
133 Setting up xxd (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
134 Setting up libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.7-5) ...
135 Setting up libreadline7:amd64 (7.0-3) ...
136 Setting up libmagic-mgc (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
137 Setting up libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
138 Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
139 Setting up libssl1.1:amd64 (1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.3) ...
140 debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
141 debconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.)
142 debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
143 debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
144 debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.26.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.26 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26 /usr/share/perl/5.26 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
145 debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
146 Setting up xz-utils (5.2.2-1.3) ...
147 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/xz to provide /usr/bin/lzma (lzma) in auto mode
148 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzma.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xz.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
149 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/unlzma.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/unxz.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
150 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzcat.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzcat.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
151 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzmore.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzmore.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
152 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzless.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzless.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
153 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzdiff.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzdiff.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
154 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzcmp.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzcmp.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
155 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzgrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzgrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
156 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzegrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzegrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
157 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzfgrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzfgrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist
158 Setting up vim-common (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
159 Setting up libsqlite3-0:amd64 (3.22.0-1) ...
160 Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
161 Setting up libmpdec2:amd64 (2.4.2-1ubuntu1) ...
162 Setting up file (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) ...
163 Setting up libpython3.6-minimal:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
164 Setting up libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
165 Setting up libpython3.6:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...
166 Setting up vim (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
167 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode
168 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode
169 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode
170 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
171 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
172 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
173 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/it/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
174 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
175 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
176 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
177 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group vi) doesn't exist
178 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
179 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/fr/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
180 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/it/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
181 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/pl/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
182 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ru/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
183 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ja/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
184 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/view.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group view) doesn't exist
185 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
186 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/fr/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
187 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/it/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
188 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/pl/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
189 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ru/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
190 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ja/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
191 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/ex.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group ex) doesn't exist
192 update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
193 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/fr/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/fr/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
194 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/it/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/it/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
195 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/pl/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/pl/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
196 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ru/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ru/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
197 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/ja/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/ja/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
198 update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn't exist
199 Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
200 Removing intermediate container 046839fb7974
201  ---> 50d0892af06e
202 Successfully built 50d0892af06e
203 Successfully tagged ubuntu-with-vi-dockerfile-3:latest

------------引用来自--------------

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwMTM5MjUwMg==&mid=2653587602&idx=1&sn=a473c628a69c12722fdbccbb95c35b94&chksm=8d30808bba47099dc433d15793803efaae66dd4ce885a608b725a827c9034a5dbcff65200662&scene=21#wechat_redirect

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gsophy/p/10217724.html

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