# flaskr.py# 所有的导入
import sqlite3
from flask import Flask, request, session, g, redirect, url_for, \abort, render_template, flash# 配置
# DATABASE = '/tmp/flaskr.db' # 报错1: sqlite3.OperationalError: unable to open database file
import os
PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
DATABASE = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tmp', 'flaskr.db') # 改正1：不把路径写死
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
USERNAME = 'admin'
PASSWORD = 'default'# 创建我们的小程序
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(__name__) # from_object() 将会寻找给定的对象(如果它是一个字符串，则会导入它)，# 搜寻里面定义的全部大写的变量。def connect_db():return sqlite3.connect(app.config['DATABASE'])from contextlib import closing
def init_db():with closing(connect_db()) as db:with app.open_resource('schema.sql') as f:#db.cursor().executescript(f.read()) # 报错2: ValueError: script argument must be unicodedb.cursor().executescript(f.read().decode()) # 改正2：加了decode()db.commit()@app.before_request
def before_request():g.db = connect_db()@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(exception):g.db.close()#四个视图函数：
# 1.显示条目
@app.route('/')
def show_entries():cur = g.db.execute('select title, text from entries order by id desc')entries = [dict(title=row[0], text=row[1]) for row in cur.fetchall()]return render_template('show_entries.html', entries=entries)# 2.添加新条目
@app.route('/add', methods=['POST'])
def add_entry():if not session.get('logged_in'):abort(401)g.db.execute('insert into entries (title, text) values (?, ?)',[request.form['title'], request.form['text']])g.db.commit()flash('New entry was successfully posted')return redirect(url_for('show_entries'))# 3.登录
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():error = Noneif request.method == 'POST':if request.form['username'] != app.config['USERNAME']:error = 'Invalid username'elif request.form['password'] != app.config['PASSWORD']:error = 'Invalid password'else:session['logged_in'] = Trueflash('You were logged in')return redirect(url_for('show_entries'))return render_template('login.html', error=error)# 4.注销
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():session.pop('logged_in', None)flash('You were logged out')return redirect(url_for('show_entries'))if __name__ == '__main__':app.run()

import os
import flaskr
import unittest
import tempfileclass FlaskrTestCase(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.db_fd, flaskr.app.config['DATABASE'] = tempfile.mkstemp()flaskr.app.config['TESTING'] = Trueself.app = flaskr.app.test_client()flaskr.init_db()def tearDown(self):os.close(self.db_fd)os.unlink(flaskr.app.config['DATABASE'])# 测试1：访问应用程序的根目录(/)def test_empty_db(self):rv = self.app.get('/')#assert 'No entries here so far' in rv.data # 报错3：TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'assert b'No entries here so far' in rv.data # 改正3：文字修改为byte类型（或者rv.data修改为rv.data.decode()），以下都要同样修改！！def login(self, username, password):return self.app.post('/login', data=dict(username=username, password=password), follow_redirects=True)def logout(self):return self.app.get('/logout', follow_redirects=True)# 测试2：登录和注销def test_login_logout(self):rv = self.login('admin', 'default')assert b'You were logged in' in rv.datarv = self.logout()assert b'You were logged out' in rv.datarv = self.login('adminx', 'default')assert b'Invalid username' in rv.datarv = self.login('admin', 'defaultx')assert b'Invalid password' in rv.data# 测试3：添加新条目def test_messages(self):self.login('admin', 'default')rv = self.app.post('/add', data=dict(title='<Hello>', text='<strong>HTML</strong> allowed here'), follow_redirects=True)assert b'No entries here so far' not in rv.dataassert b'&lt;Hello&gt;' in rv.dataassert b'<strong>HTML</strong> allowed here' in rv.dataif __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()