mysql binlog常用操作
2024-05-28 22:17:30
一.查看 binlog 基本信息
binlog文件的位置配置可在 /etc/my.cnf 配置和查看
0. 登录 mysql
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
1.查看binlog文件列表
进入mysql命令行:
show binary logs;
2.查看当前正在写入的binlog文件
show master status;
3. 查看binlog事件信息
show binlog events in 'bin-log.000004';
4.查看 binlog 文件单个大小
默认大小为 1G
show variables like '%binlog%';
二.mysqlbinlog 命令
1. 查看 binlog 文件
例如:
mysqlbinlog bin-log.000115
2.查看某个范围的binlog
有四个参数可以选择性加入:
# 开始pos点
--start-position=953# 结束pos点
--stop-position=1437# 起始时间点:
--start-datetime="2022-03-25 00:00:00"# 结束时间点:
--stop-datetime="2022-03-26 00:00:00"
查看时间范围的 binlog
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2022-04-06 00:00:00" --stop-datetime="2022-04-06 01:00:00" bin-log.000114
查看 pos 范围的 binlog
mysqlbinlog --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115
2.查看解码后的 binlog 文件
mysqlbinlog 默认只能查看到 base-64 编码的信息, 添加 --base64-output=value 选项可以进行解码等操作:
AUTO 或 UNSPEC: 在必要时自动显示 BINLOG 语句（即，用于格式描述事件和行事件）。如果没有给出 --base64-output 选项，则效果与 --base64-output = AUTO 相同。
NEVER: 不显示 BINLOG 语句
DECODE-ROWS: 通过配合–verbose 选项将行事件解码并显示为注释的SQL语句。使用参数–verbose(或-v)，将生成带注释的语句，如果使用两次这个参数(如-v -v)，会生成字段的类型、长度、是否为null等属性信息。
3.1 生成带注释的语句
mysqlbinlog -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 3648579
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3648707 CRC32 0xf0526728 Table_map: `docloud`.`das_layer` mapped to number 410
# at 3648707
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3656528 CRC32 0x6afac713 Write_rows: table id 410 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `docloud`.`das_layer`
### SET
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# at 3656528
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3656656 CRC32 0xa0e70fe3 Table_map: `docloud`.`das_layer` mapped to number 410
WARNING: The range of printed events ends with a row event or a table map event that does not have the STMT_END_F flag set. This might be because the last statement was not fully written to the log, or because you are using a --stop-position or --stop-datetime that refers to an event in the middle of a statement. The event(s) from the partial statement have not been written to output.
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;3.2 生成字段的类型、长度、是否为null等属性信息
mysqlbinlog -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 3648579
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3648707 CRC32 0xf0526728 Table_map: `docloud`.`das_layer` mapped to number 410
# at 3648707
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3656528 CRC32 0x6afac713 Write_rows: table id 410 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `docloud`.`das_layer`
### SET
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### @20='2022-04-13 10:19:50' /* VARSTRING(96) meta=96 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @21='' /* BLOB/TEXT meta=2 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @22=0 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @23=0 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @24=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @25='' /* VARSTRING(96) meta=96 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @26='{"minZoom":0,"maxZoom":24}' /* VARSTRING(765) meta=765 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @27='additive' /* VARSTRING(765) meta=765 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @28='{"lineSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[],"colorSectionArr2":[]}},"scatterSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"heatSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"cubeSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"gridSection":{"color":{"otype":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"hexagonSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"arcSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"regionSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"sizeScatterSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"iconSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}},"tripsSection":{"color":{"type":1,"colorSectionArr":[]}}}' /* VARSTRING(6144) meta=6144 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @29=0 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @30=2 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @31=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @32=1 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### @33='' /* VARSTRING(765) meta=765 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 3656528
#220413 10:19:50 server id 1 end_log_pos 3656656 CRC32 0xa0e70fe3 Table_map: `docloud`.`das_layer` mapped to number 410
WARNING: The range of printed events ends with a row event or a table map event that does not have the STMT_END_F flag set. This might be because the last statement was not fully written to the log, or because you are using a --stop-position or --stop-datetime that refers to an event in the middle of a statement. The event(s) from the partial statement have not been written to output.
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
4. 输出 binlog 日志到指定文件
mysqlbinlog --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115 > test.log
或者
mysqlbinlog --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115 --result-file=test2.log
同样可以加 -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS 等参数
5. 输出 binlog 日志到压缩文件中
mysqlbinlog --start-position=3648579 --stop-position=3656656 bin-log.000115|gzip > test.zip
三. 删除或重置 binlog 日志
0.登录查看 binlog 日志信息
登录mysql
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
show binary logs;
1. 删除所有binlog日志，新日志编号从头开始
RESET MASTER;
2.删除 bin-log.000004 之前所有日志
PURGE MASTER LOGS TO 'bin-log.000004';
3.删除 2021-05-01 00:00:00 之前产生的所有日志
PURGE MASTER LOGS BEFORE '2020-04-24 22:00:00';
4.在 my.cnf 配置文件中指定日志过期时间
expire_logs_days=30
5.开启一个新的 binlog 日志文件
flush logs;
每次服务器（数据库）重启，服务器会调用 flush logs; 新创建一个binlog日志
四.从 binlog 中恢复数据
1.找到要操作的日志文件
show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
我们可以从中找到 pos 信息
2.按 pos 点进行数据恢复
不指定库恢复整个 binlog 日志的数据
mysqlbinlog --start-position=322 --stop-position=9424573 bin-log.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123zxcv
3.按日期进行数据恢复
查看 binlog 日志
mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows bin-log.000002
不指定库恢复整个 binlog 日志的数据
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime='2022-04-24 16:08:00' --stop-datetime='2022-04-24 16:28:00' bin-log.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123zxcv
4.指定库进行数据恢复
指定库恢复整个 binlog 日志的数据
按 pos 点:
mysqlbinlog --start-position=4 --stop-position=5010 --database=abc bin-log.000004 | mysql -uroot -p123zxcv
按时间:
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime='2022-04-24 16:08:00' --stop-datetime='2022-04-24 16:28:00' --database=abc bin-log.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123zxcv
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