RHEL 7.6 安装 Oracle 18c RAC
第一部分 安装规划

虚拟环境

VirtualBox 6.0

OS 版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)

数据库版本

18.3.0.0.0

安装介质

LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip

LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip

软件安装目录

grid: /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

oracle: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

用户和组

grid: oinstall,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper

oracle: oinstall, dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper

网络规划

192.168.56.11 rac1 #一节点public ip

192.168.56.12 rac2 #二节点public ip

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip #一节点virtual ip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip #二节点virtual ip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv #一节点private ip

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv #二节点private ip

192.168.56.15 rac-scan # scan ip

ASM磁盘组

OCRVT: 2G * 3

MGMT: 40G * 1

DATA: 8G * 1

ARCH: 5G * 1

安装操作系统，添加ASM共享磁盘省略

第二分部 操作系统环境配置

2.1 更改IO调度为deadline，关闭numa和透明大页

（1）.vi /etc/default/grub(编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件，在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 条目后面添加"elevator=deadline","transparent_hugepage=never" 和”numa=off”，

执行grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 最后重启操作系统)

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet elevator=deadline transparent_hugepage=never numa=off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

（2）. 重启操作系统使配置生效.

2.2 使用CTSS时钟同步
/sbin/service ntpd stop

chkconfig ntpd off

mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

systemctl stop chronyd

systemctl disable chronyd

2.3 配置/etc/hosts解析表

vi /etc/hosts添加

config for 18c RAC

192.168.56.11 rac1

192.168.56.12 rac2

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv

192.168.56.15 rac-scan

2.4 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

2.5 关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

2.6 关闭NetworkManager

systemctl disable NetworkManager

systemctl stop NetworkManager

2.7 停止avahi-daemon
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

2.8 配置NOZEROCONF
vi /etc/sysconfig/network 添加

NOZEROCONF=yes

2.9 内核参数修改
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel configuration for oracle 18c

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 549755813760

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

是配置生效

sysctl -p

2.10 添加用户和组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper grid

echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid

2.11 创建软件安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/

2.12 用户环境变量配置

为grid用户添加环境变量

vi /home/grid/.bash_profile EOF

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 (节点2改为+ASM2)

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.0.0/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

EOF

source /home/grid/.bash_profile

为oracle用户添加环境变量

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_SID=racdb1(节点2改为racdb2)

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.0.0/db_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

EOF

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

2.13 配置用户资源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard memlock 3145728

oracle soft memlock 3145728

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard memlock 3145728

grid soft memlock 3145728

vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加

this is for oracle user

session required pam_limits.so

2.14 配置全局profile
vi /etc/profile 添加

this is for oracle user

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

  ulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536

else

  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

2.15 安装rpm依赖包
yum -y install bc \

binutils \

compat-libcap1 \

compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \

compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 \

glibc.i686 \

glibc.x86_64 \

glibc-devel.i686 \

glibc-devel.x86_64 \

ksh \

libaio.i686 \

libaio.x86_64 \

libaio-devel.i686 \

libaio-devel.x86_64 \

libX11.i686 \

libX11.x86_64 \

libXau.i686 \

libXau.x86_64 \

libXi.i686 \

libXi.x86_64 \

libXtst.i686 \

libXtst.x86_64 \

libXrender-devel.i686 \

libXrender-devel.x86_64 \

libXrender.i686 \

libXrender.x86_64 \

libgcc.i686 \

libgcc.x86_64 \

libstdc++.i686 \

libstdc++.x86_64 \

libstdc++-devel.i686 \

libstdc++-devel.x86_64 \

libxcb.i686 \

libxcb.x86_64 \

make \

nfs-utils.x86_64 \

net-tools \

python \

python-configshell \

python-rtslib \

python-six \

smartmontools \

sysstat \

targetcli \

unixODBC \

unixODBC-devel \

unzip

CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP

rpm -iv /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm (需先解压grid安装包到/u01/app/18.0.0/grid)

2.16 共享存储配置

(1).多路径方式安装配置

yum -y install device-mapper*

--生成默认配置文件

mpathconf --enable

vi /etc/multipath.conf 修改

find_multipaths no

multipaths {

   multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171alias                   OCR1}multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172alias                   OCR2}multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173alias                   OCR3} multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174alias                   MGMT}                  multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662alias                   DATA}multipath {wwid                    14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967alias                   ARCH}

}

multipath -F

systemctl restart multipathd.service

multipath -v3

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

udevadm trigger

udevadm control -R

systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

(2).不使用多路径的方式，仅需配置如下文件

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5643659c-65a9d79a",SYMLINK+="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB603d9ec9-7c3a2db0",SYMLINK+="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc74f578a-aa1a566c",SYMLINK+="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcje8jg2a-ff4e14d3",SYMLINK+="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcaeggcdb-3gv5hnc6",SYMLINK+="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBccbd112b-egdgrkr5",SYMLINK+="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

使udev策略配置生效

udevadm trigger

udevadm control -R

systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskb -> sdb

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskc -> sdc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskd -> sdd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diske -> sde

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskf -> sdf

[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/sd*

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdb

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdc

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdd

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sde

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdf

第三部分 安装GRID软件

3.1 解压软件

unzip LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip -d /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

3.2 配置用户ssh对等性（方便检查rac2节点配置，也可以OUI界面配置）

su - grid

cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts

./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac1 rac2" -advanced –noPromptPassphrase

3.3 安装前环境预检查

su - grid

cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup –verbose

3.4 开始安装grid软件

export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

./gridSetup.sh

分别在rac1，rac2执行上面2个脚本

执行完成后，点击OK继续完成安装。

INS-20802 报错可以忽略

至此grid软件安装完成。

第四部分 创建ASM磁盘组

su - grid

export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

asmca

创建DATA和ARCH磁盘组

第五部分 安装database软件

5.1 解压db软件

su - oracle

unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip –d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

5.2 开始安装db软件

su - oracle

export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1

./runInstaller

如果前面没有配置oracle用户的ssh对等性，则输入oracle用户密码，点击setup进行配置

分别在rac1，rac2节点执行/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1/root.sh脚本

至此database软件安装完成。

第六部分 创建数据库
su - oracle

export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0

dbca

至此dbca创建数据库完成。