视听说教程（第三版）4 quiz 8

Section A
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Careers for women should not be any different from careers for men. Decisions about gainful and satisfying employment for women should be made on the basis of individual interest and abilities. A variety of factors can help women find better jobs. Women need better career planning and counseling. They should be encouraged to develop personal goals that will enable them to compete for good jobs in light of their abilities, desires and training.
Career guidance should begin at the junior high school level, or even at the elementary school level, with the assistance of counselors, teachers and parents. Some women must change their career aspirations. Since openings in the usual women’s occupations will not be sufficient to supply jobs for all women seeking work, they must choose alternatives in other occupations. Many of these jobs may pay higher wages and offer greater opportunities for promotion. In the past, too many women were forced to settle for second best. Others were willing to settle for inferior jobs because they felt that their stay in the labor force would be temporary. However, the situation is changing as more and more women become aware of the possibility of combining the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker with that of paid worker. Employer’s attitudes about women’s roles and desires to work need to be changed.
Perhaps, the overriding factors and the myths that employers, policymakers, and others in our society have unfairly associated with the work patterns of women. One such myth is that women are not seriously attached to the labor force, as they work only for pocket money. However, one recent study shows that of the 33 million women in the labor force, more than half are working because of pressing economic needs. These women comprise a group who are either single, widowed, divorced, separated, or married to men with incomes of less than $ 5,000 a year. Women constitute nearly two fifths of the work force.
However, because of foregone conclusions about their interests and abilities, women are unfairly restricted in the kinds of jobs they hold. Their concentration in the less rewarding, lower paying occupations with fewer chances for advancement. Personal choice in the world of work will begin to become a reality when the guidance counselor, the shop teacher, the plant employer, and women themselves are able to develop an appreciation for the differences in personal abilities and desires.

Which of the following is the thing that the author advises women to do?
A) To take jobs reserved for men when other jobs are unavailable.
B) To remain in jobs usually dominated by women.
C) To stay at home and become proficient with domestic work.
D) To settle for second best jobs.
According to this essay, women have often settled for inferior jobs because _____.
A) they only work for pocket money
B) employers have put much emphasis on factory laborers
C) they do not expect to work very long
D) they think they are inferior to men
According to the essay, which one is NOT mentioned?
A) Women should appreciate their desires and personalities in choosing jobs for themselves.
B) Women should apply for jobs which offer higher pay and promotion.
C) Women should plan their careers and consult others.
D) Women should, first of all, be good housewives whatever they do, or wherever they aim.
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this essay?
A) There should not be any difference between careers for men and women.
B) Women should not have a sense of inferiority.
C) Equality for men and women in employment is easier said than done.
D) Women are being treated unfairly in employment.
Which is stated that is beneficial and helpful for women in job hunting?
A) Employment direction.
B) Keeping relaxed in the interview.
C) A peculiar self-introduction.
D) Concentrating on inferior jobs.

Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses：a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d) none of the above.
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself was not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.

The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _____.
A) introduce the topic of what makes expert performance
B) spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup
C) emphasize the significance of professional training
D) state the importance of gifts in playing soccer
The word “mania”（Paragraph 2）most probably means _____.
A) fun
B) hysteria【歇斯底里；癔病】
C) craze
D) excitement
According to Ericsson, good memory _____.
A) is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors
B) depends on meaningful processing of information
C) results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises
D) requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration
Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _____.
A) biographical data provide the key to excellent performance
B) talent plays a dominating role in professional success
C) the role of talent tends to be overlooked
D) high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture
Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？
A) “Practice makes perfect.”
B) “One reaps what one sows.”
C) “Look before you leap.”
D) “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”

Section B

A) absurd【adj. 荒唐的；怪诞的】
B) context
C) counterpart【n. 相当的人；对应物；副本】
D) consistently【adv. 一贯地；始终如一地；不断地；始终；连贯一致地】
E) briefly
F) calling on
G) stir
H) in effect
I) conception【n. 概念；构思；构想；受孕】
J) terribly

I’m fed up with your attitude — it has been _____negative from the very beginning.
It is usually possible to find hints (提示) or clues about the definition of the new word from its ________— the sentence that the word is in and the sentences that come before or after.
For years, the farmer had built up a reputation for kindness by 13)
C
his needy neighbors and trying to be helpful.
Dreams are 14)
A
because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them.
The President stopped off ______ in London on his way to Geneva.
The Chinese premier is the 16)
C
of the British prime minister. They are both heads of their governments.
The 17)
E
of the book took five minutes, but writing it took a year.
We were 18)
F
lucky to find you here. We urgently need your help.
This is a nonstick pot (不粘锅). You should use a wooden spoon to 19)
G
the soup.
Officially he is in charge, but 20)
H
his secretary dominates all the work.

DBFAE
CIJGH

Section A

The angry crowd _____________ the losing team as it left the football ground.
A) mobbed
B) mixed
C) revolved
D) twisted
It’s not the heat but the _______________ that makes it so uncomfortable today.
A) harmony
B) humility
C) humanity
D) humidity
Although most dreams happen without apparent causes, dream activity may be provoked (引起) by ____________ influences.
A) eternal
B) external
C) eventual
D) existing
The desks and chairs in the classroom should be ______________ the height of any child.
A) justified in
B) adapted to
C) adjusted to
D) geared to
John is a successful businessman, but his recent failure in business brought him to the ______________ of ruin.
A) brink
B) board
C) border
D) bank
Our company needs a(n) _______________ person to receive our foreign visitors.
A) oncoming
B) outcome
C) ongoing
D) outgoing
Diets that are high in fat and cholesterol (胆固醇) tend to clog up our arteries and reduce the blood flow to our hearts and brains ______________.
A) thereafter
B) thereby
C) because
D) so
The bullet passed through his back and several ______________ organs and he died later in hospital.
A) internal
B) international
C) inferior
D) inaccurate
Robert _______________ a smile, though it seemed to take all his strength.
A) amounted to
B) blurted out
C) summoned up
D) broke for
At the police station Henry still _____________ on the truth of his story, even though the police refused to believe him.
A) explained
B) insisted
C) persisted
D) maintained

ADBCA
DBACB

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