Programming Paradigms

2.2 Programming Paradigms

Objectoriented programming is a technique for programming – a paradigm for writing ‘‘good’’

programs for a set of problems. If the term ‘‘objectoriented programming language’’ means anything, it must mean a programming language that provides mechanisms that support the objectoriented style of programming well.

There is an important distinction here. A language is said to support a style of programming if

it provides facilities that make it convenient (reasonably easy, safe, and efficient) to use that style.

A language does not support a technique if it takes exceptional effort or skill to write such programs;

it merely enables the technique to be used. For example, you can write structured programs

in Fortran77 and object-oriented programs in C, but it is unnecessarily hard to do so because these

languages do not directly support those techniques.（说一种语言支持一种编程风格是直接的支持，就是语言中有专门的机制可以很方便的实现，C语言虽然不直接支持Class，但是不代表不可以用C去实现这个机制，但是这属于间接地支持。而c++中是直接支持）

Support for a paradigm comes not only in the obvious form of language facilities that allow

direct use of the paradigm, but also in the more subtle form of compiletime and/or runtime

checks against unintentional deviation from the paradigm. Type checking is the most obvious example of this; ambiguity detection and runtime checks are also used to extend linguistic support for paradigms. Extralinguistic facilities such as libraries and programming environments can provide further

support for paradigms.

One language is not necessarily better than another because it possesses a feature the other does

not. There are many examples to the contrary. The important issue is not so much what features a

language possesses, but that the features it does possess are sufficient to support the desired programming styles in the desired application areas:

[1] All features must be cleanly and elegantly integrated into the language.

[2] It must be possible to use features in combination to achieve solutions that would otherwise

require extra, separate features.（有些问题需要使用多个特性结合解决）

[3] There should be as few spurious and ‘‘specialpurpose’’features as possible. （特性应该是通用的）

[4] A feature’s implementation should not impose significant overheads on programs that do

not require it.

[5] A user should need to know only about the subset of the language explicitly used to write a

program.

The first principle is an appeal to aesthetics and logic. The next two are expressions of the ideal of

minimalism. The last two can be summarized as ‘‘what you don’t know won’t hurt you.’’

C++ was designed to support data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming in addition to traditional C programming techniques under these constraints. It was not

meant to force one particular programming style upon all users.

The following sections consider some programming styles and the key language mechanisms

supporting them. The presentation progresses through a series of techniques starting with procedural-programming and leading up to the use of class hierarchies in object-oriented

programming and generic programming using templates. Each paradigm builds on its predecessors, each adds something new to the C++ programmer’s toolbox, and each reflects a proven design approach.

The presentation of language features is not exhaustive. The emphasis is on design approaches

and ways of organizing programs rather than on language details. At this stage, it is far more

important to gain an idea of what can be done using C++ than to understand exactly how it can be

achieved.

Programming Paradigms相关推荐

代写python作业费用标准_代做159.272作业、代写Programming Paradigms作业、代做Python实验作业、代写Java/c++编程作业代写Database|代做R...
代做159.272作业.代写Programming Paradigms作业.代做Python实验作业.代写Java/c++编程作业代写Database|代做RComputational Thinkin ...
Programming Paradigms 编程范式-笔记
Stephen Covey的<The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People>一书中,有一个关于paradigm shift(范式转移)的小故事: 军舰在雾 ...
Stanford CS107 Programming Paradigms 编程范式
Directory Resource :https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS107 Lower-level C constructs High-level C++ Co ...
Stanford CS107 Programming Paradigms 编程范式课程笔记
1.c/c++类型的一般大小 bool char short int long float double 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 4bytes 8bytes ...
C++的4种编程范型 programming paradigms
基于过程 :procedural-based 基于对象 :object-based 面向对象 :object-oriented 泛型编程 :generics
Scala函数式编程设计原理第一课编程范式（Programming Paradigms）
我使用Scala有一两年的时间了,这门语言仿佛有一种魔力,让人用过就不想放手.Scala给我的整个程序生涯带来了非常深刻的影响,让我学会了函数式编程,让我知道了世界上居然还有这么一种优雅.高效.强大的 ...
Paradigm Shifts in Kernel Programming 内核编程的范式转移
Paradigm Shift in Kernel Programming 内核编程的范式转移 Raymond Kwan 这篇小文章主要分析了操作系统内核编程中主要使用C和命令式范式的原因,同时讨论了其 ...
一切从FP(Functional Programming)开始
一切从Functional Programming开始 1. 一切从FP开始 2. 什么是FP? 2.1. 命令式 / 函数式 2.2. 函数式特性 2.2.1. 闭包 2.2.2. 高阶函数 2.2 ...
javascript功能_功能性JavaScript简介
javascript功能 Hey everybody! I've written a book called Discover Functional JavaScript, and it's now ...

Programming Paradigms

Programming Paradigms相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章