docker version        #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info           #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help     #帮助命令

docker images     #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替docker search     #搜索镜像docker pull     #下载镜像 docker image pulldocker rmi     #删除镜像 docker image rm

[root@wl ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB# 解释
#REPOSITORY            # 镜像的仓库源
#TAG                # 镜像的标签(版本)        ---lastest 表示最新版本
#IMAGE ID            # 镜像的id
#CREATED            # 镜像的创建时间
#SIZE                # 镜像的大小# 可选项
Options:-a, --all         Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像-q, --quiet       Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id[root@wl ~]# docker images -q    #列出所有镜像详细信息
d1165f221234
[root@wl ~]# docker images -aq    #列出所有镜像的id
d1165f221234

[root@wl ~]# docker search mysql# --filter=STARS=3000 #过滤，搜索出来的镜像收藏STARS数量大于3000的[root@wl ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11273     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4279      [OK]
[root@wl ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11273     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4279      [OK]  

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@wl ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest            #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql         #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
33847f680f63: Pull complete
5cb67864e624: Pull complete
1a2b594783f5: Pull complete
b30e406dd925: Pull complete
48901e306e4c: Pull complete
603d2b7147fd: Pull complete
802aa684c1c4: Pull complete
715d3c143a06: Pull complete
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd        # 签名防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest#指定版本下载
[root@wl ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql        #已经下载过的不会再次下载
33847f680f63: Already exists
5cb67864e624: Already exists
1a2b594783f5: Already exists
b30e406dd925: Already exists
48901e306e4c: Already exists
603d2b7147fd: Already exists
802aa684c1c4: Already exists
5b5a19178915: Pull complete        #更新不同部分，减小文件大小，减内存
f9ce7411c6e4: Pull complete
f51f6977d9b2: Pull complete
aeb6b16ce012: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be70d18aedc37927293e7947c8de41ae6490ecd4c79df1db40d1b5b5af7d9596
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

# docker rmi -f 镜像id
[root@wl ~]# docker rmi -f 8cf625070931        #删除指定id的镜像[root@wl ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id         #删除多个镜像# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
[root@wl ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)    #删除全部的镜像

docker pull centos

docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image#参数说明
--name="Name"        #容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d                    #后台方式运行
-it                 #使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                    #指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)-p ip:主机端口:容器端口-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)-p 容器端口容器端口
-P(大写)                 随机指定端口
-e         # 设置环境变量# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@wl ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6d3492e9fad9 /]# ls        #查看容器内的centos ，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr# 从容器中退回主机
[root@6d3492e9fad9 /]# exit
exit

# docker ps 命令#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a                     #列出当前正在运行的容器+ 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?, --last int       #列出最近创建的?个容器 ?为1则只列出最近创建的一个容器,为2则列出2个
-q, --quiet            #只列出容器的编号# 列出当前正在运行的容器（本次查看当前没有正在运行中的容器）
[root@wl ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
# 列出所有容器（当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器）
[root@wl ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
6d3492e9fad9   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 10 minutes ago             cool_wu
14a1a52e182d   d1165f221234   "/hello"      2 days ago       Exited (0) 2 days ago                 cranky_colden
[root@wl ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
6d3492e9fad9   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 10 minutes ago             cool_wu

exit            #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q        #容器不停止退出（非常有用）

docker rm 容器id                   #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)       #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

docker start 容器id    #启动容器
docker restart 容器id    #重启容器
docker stop 容器id    #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id    #强制停止当前容器

[root@wl ~]# docker run -d centos
80aad9396a2c61fea4f3fd169d568670e227d884f97f08fa600c7fab2a15a889
[root@wl ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES# 问题docker ps 查看正在运行的容器，发现centos 停止了# 原因：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

# 命令
docker logs 参数# 常用参数：
-tf        #显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看最新N条容器日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟踪日志，从头到尾[root@wl ~]# docker logs --helpUsage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINERFetch the logs of a containerOptions:--details        Show extra details provided to logs-f, --follow         Follow log output--since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)-n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")-t, --timestamps     Show timestamps--until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINEROptions:--details        显示更多的信息-f, --follow         跟踪日志输出，最后一行为当前时间戳的日志--since string   显示自具体某个时间或时间段的日志--tail string    从日志末尾显示多少行日志， 默认是all-t, --timestamps     显示时间戳# 查看最近30分钟的日志:
docker logs --since 30m CONTAINER_ID# 查看指定时间后的日志，只显示最后100行：
docker logs -f -t --since="2021-02-08" --tail=100 CONTAINER_ID# 查看某时间之后的日志：
docker logs -t --since="2021-02-08T13:23:37" CONTAINER_ID# 查看某时间段日志：docker logs -t --since="2021-02-08T13:23:37" --until "2021-02-09T12:23:37" CONTAINER_ID# 编写一个shell脚本，让容器运行，产生日志。
[root@wl ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 666;sleep 1;done"
03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974# 查看容器日志
[root@wl ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 3 03b8779e4053
2021-08-16T07:30:39.021516929Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:40.023653196Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:41.048863001Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:42.051015573Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:43.053116410Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:44.054801116Z 666
2021-08-16T07:30:45.057092951Z 666
^C

# 命令
docker top 容器id[root@wl ~]# docker top 03b8779e4053
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                5207                5187                0                   15:32               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 666;sleep 1;done
root                5414                5207                0                   15:35               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id# 测试
[root@wl ~]# docker inspect 03b8779e4053
[{"Id": "03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974","Created": "2021-08-16T07:29:03.025579979Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo 666;sleep 1;done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 5207,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-08-16T07:32:35.874931656Z","FinishedAt": "2021-08-16T07:31:29.046494103Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974/03b8779e4053b4a415ef56abf2a81c9b2a0f8fcaee66013cd04870fe79930974-json.log","Name": "/recursing_bohr","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be188f3498bdbf7d343afb2f3b9a2c24eacd03dd26d7993e86c51a6fd62b6ed-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e1cbade98b2662422d511573036792b177fa9d2f2b0646bff57ab20d346ce905/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be188f3498bdbf7d343afb2f3b9a2c24eacd03dd26d7993e86c51a6fd62b6ed/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be188f3498bdbf7d343afb2f3b9a2c24eacd03dd26d7993e86c51a6fd62b6ed/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be188f3498bdbf7d343afb2f3b9a2c24eacd03dd26d7993e86c51a6fd62b6ed/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "03b8779e4053","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo 666;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "3a829baa7d47e347610748928dcfe86c9965d92e08231ced5b34dd2a04971c7d","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3a829baa7d47","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "963c1a9b0710e477cf36ac42c228658d967135883497739406512e6d171db578","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "d133e74c727c051f8711ab3a4bfd18a355b59051edf020075e3517aa0ba5cc6a","EndpointID": "963c1a9b0710e477cf36ac42c228658d967135883497739406512e6d171db578","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

# 方式1：
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bin/bash# 测试（方式1）
[root@wl ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
03b8779e4053   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   18 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             recursing_bohr
[root@wl ~]# docker exec -it 03b8779e4053 bin/bash
[root@03b8779e4053 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 666;sleep 1;done
root       973     0  0 07:48 pts/0    00:00:00 bin/bash
root       999     1  0 07:48 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root      1000   973  0 07:48 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式2：
# 命令
docker attach 容器id# 测试（方式2：）
[root@wl ~]# docker attach 03b8779e4053
正在执行当前的代码...# 区别：
# docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机目的路径# 创建一个容器
[root@wl ~]# docker run -it centos bin/bash
[root@4e0973f97a5a /]# [root@wl ~]#
[root@wl ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND      CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
4e0973f97a5a   centos    "bin/bash"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds             kind_proskuriakova# 先查看当前主机linux目录
[root@wl ~]# ls /home
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt# 进入容器创建一个测试文件
[root@wl ~]# docker attach 4e0973f97a5a
[root@4e0973f97a5a /]# cd /home
[root@4e0973f97a5a home]# ls
[root@4e0973f97a5a home]# touch test.java
[root@4e0973f97a5a home]# exit        #容器在文件就在，可以直接退出，不用让容器保持运行
exit#  进行拷贝测试，将容器中的文件拷贝---->主机
[root@wl ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND      CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
4e0973f97a5a   centos    "bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 7 seconds ago             kind_proskuriakova
[root@wl ~]# docker cp 4e0973f97a5a:/home/test.java /home# 查看结果
[root@wl ~]# ls /home
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt  test.java#拷贝是一个手动的过程，未来可以使用 -v 数据卷技术实现容器与主机文件夹互通同步

attach      Attach local standard input, output                # 当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
build       Build an image from a Dockerfile                   # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit      Create a new image from a container's changes      # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem     # 拷贝文件，从容器中拷贝文件或目录到宿主机中
create      Create a new container                             # 创建一个新的容器
diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem     # 查看docker容器的变化
events      Get real time events from the server              # 从服务获取容器实时时间
exec        Run a command in a running container              # 在运行中的容器上运行命令
export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive  # 导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history     Show the history of an image                      # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images      List images                                       # 列出系统当前的镜像
import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image     # 从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
info        Display system-wide information                   # 显示全系统信息
inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects    #查看容器详细信息（元数据）
kill        Kill one or more running containers               # kill指定docker容器
load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN         # 从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login       Log in to a Docker registry                       # 注册或者登录一个docker 源服务器
logout      Log out from a Docker registry                    # 从当前Docker registry 退出
logs        Fetch the logs of a container                     # 输出当前容器日志信息
pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers    # 暂停容器
port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container    #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
ps          List containers                                  # 列出容器列表
pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry    # 从docker镜像源服务器拉去指定镜像或者库镜像
push        Push an image or a repository to a registry      # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
rename      Rename a container                               # 重命名容器
restart     Restart one or more containers                   # 重启一个或多个容器
rm          Remove one or more containers                    # 删除一个或多个容器
rmi         Remove one or more images                        # 删除一个或者多个镜像
run         Run a command in a new container                 # 在新的容器中运行命令
save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)    # 将一个或多个镜像保存到tar归档文件中(默认为STDOUT)
search      Search the Docker Hub for images                 # 在Docker Hub中搜索镜像
start       Start one or more stopped containers             # 启动一个或多个停止的容器
stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics    # 显示容器资源使用统计信息的实时流
stop        Stop one or more running containers              # 停止一个或多个正在运行的容器
tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE    # 给镜像打标签
top         Display the running processes of a container     # 查看镜像中运行的进程信息
unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers    #取消暂停一个或多个容器
update      Update configuration of one or more containers   # 更新一个或者多个容器配置
version     Show the Docker version information              # 显示Docker版本信息
wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes    # 截取容器停止时的退出状态