干货分享，一个 IP 网段地址！Python

ping 命令是我们检查网络中最常用的命令，作为网络人员，基本上每天都会用到，可以很好地帮助我们分析和判定网络故障；

如果有 10 设备，100 台设备，1000 台设备怎么办？一个个 ping 过去人都要疯掉了，这种情况在大型网络中我们有可能遇到，那怎么办呢？我们今天来看下如何用 python 来实现批量 ping 测试主机。

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import os
import argparse
import socket
import struct
import select
import timeICMP_ECHO_REQUEST = 8 # Platform specific
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 0.1
DEFAULT_COUNT = 4class Pinger(object):""" Pings to a host -- the Pythonic way"""def __init__(self, target_host, count=DEFAULT_COUNT, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):self.target_host = target_hostself.count = countself.timeout = timeoutdef do_checksum(self, source_string):"""  Verify the packet integritity """sum = 0max_count = (len(source_string)/2)*2count = 0while count < max_count:val = source_string[count + 1]*256 + source_string[count]sum = sum + valsum = sum & 0xffffffffcount = count + 2if max_count<len(source_string):sum = sum + ord(source_string[len(source_string) - 1])sum = sum & 0xffffffffsum = (sum >> 16)  +  (sum & 0xffff)sum = sum + (sum >> 16)answer = ~sumanswer = answer & 0xffffanswer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)return answerdef receive_pong(self, sock, ID, timeout):"""Receive ping from the socket."""time_remaining = timeoutwhile True:start_time = time.time()readable = select.select([sock], [], [], time_remaining)time_spent = (time.time() - start_time)if readable[0] == []: # Timeoutreturntime_received = time.time()recv_packet, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)icmp_header = recv_packet[20:28]type, code, checksum, packet_ID, sequence = struct.unpack("bbHHh", icmp_header)if packet_ID == ID:bytes_In_double = struct.calcsize("d")time_sent = struct.unpack("d", recv_packet[28:28 + bytes_In_double])[0]return time_received - time_senttime_remaining = time_remaining - time_spentif time_remaining <= 0:returndef send_ping(self, sock,  ID):"""Send ping to the target host"""target_addr  =  socket.gethostbyname(self.target_host)my_checksum = 0# Create a dummy heder with a 0 checksum.header = struct.pack("bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, my_checksum, ID, 1)bytes_In_double = struct.calcsize("d")data = (192 - bytes_In_double) * "Q"data = struct.pack("d", time.time()) + bytes(data.encode('utf-8'))# Get the checksum on the data and the dummy header.my_checksum = self.do_checksum(header + data)header = struct.pack("bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, socket.htons(my_checksum), ID, 1)packet = header + datasock.sendto(packet, (target_addr, 1))def ping_once(self):"""Returns the delay (in seconds) or none on timeout."""icmp = socket.getprotobyname("icmp")try:sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, icmp)except socket.error as e:if e.errno == 1:# Not superuser, so operation not permittede.msg +=  "ICMP messages can only be sent from root user processes"raise socket.error(e.msg)except Exception as e:print("Exception: %s" %(e))my_ID = os.getpid() & 0xFFFFself.send_ping(sock, my_ID)delay = self.receive_pong(sock, my_ID, self.timeout)sock.close()return delaydef ping(self):"""Run the ping process"""for i in range(self.count):print ("Ping to %s..." % self.target_host,)try:delay  =  self.ping_once()except socket.gaierror as e:print ("Ping failed. (socket error: '%s')" % e[1])breakif delay  ==  None:print ("Ping failed. (timeout within %ssec.)" % self.timeout)else:delay = delay * 1000print("Get pong in %0.4fms" % delay)if __name__ == '__main__':alive = []host_prefix = '192.168.242.'for i in range(1, 255):host = host_prefix + str(i)pinger = Pinger(target_host=host)delay = pinger.ping_once()if delay == None:print("Ping %s 失败，超时2秒" % host)else:print("ping %s = %s ms" % (host, round(delay * 1000, 4)))alive.append(host)# time.sleep(0.5)

测试如下：

EOF

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