iOS 权限设置判断和跳转

一、权限设置

iOS 10以后，苹果增强了对用户隐私的保护，访问照相机、相册、麦克风、定位、通讯录等，都需要在info.plist 文件中添加权限，而且少一个都不行。根据需要添加，项目中使用了什么，就添加对应的权限。

权限	字段
相册使用权限	Privacy - Photo Library Usage Description
编辑相册权限	Privacy - Photo Library Additions Usage Description
相机权限	Privacy - Camera Usage Description
通讯录权限	Privacy - Contacts Usage Description
麦克风权限	Privacy - Microphone Usage Description
蓝牙权限	Privacy - Bluetooth Peripheral Usage Description
定位权限	Privacy - Location Always Usage Description
定位权限	Privacy - Location Usage Description
定位权限	Privacy - Location When In Use Usage Description
定位权限	Privacy - Location Always and When In Use Usage Description
媒体库权限	Privacy - Media Library Usage Description
日历权限	Privacy - Calendars Usage Description
提醒事项权限	Privacy - Reminders Usage Description
FaceID权限	Privacy - Face ID Usage Description
健康记录权限	Privacy - Health Records Usage Description
健康分享权限	Privacy - Health Share Usage Description
健康更新权限	Privacy - Health Update Usage Description
运动权限	Privacy - Motion Usage Description
音乐权限	Privacy - Music Usage Description
NFC权限	Privacy - NFC Scan Usage Description
Siri权限	Privacy - Siri Usage Description
语音识别权限	Privacy - Speech Recognition Usage Description
智能家具权限	Privacy - HomeKit Usage Description
电视供应商权限	Privacy - TV Provider Usage Description
视频用户账号使用权限	Privacy - Video Subscriber Account Usage Description

事例：

Privacy - Camera Usage Description
APP需要选择视频进行编辑，请允许访问您的相机Privacy - Microphone Usage Description
APP需要选择视频进行编辑，请允许访问您的麦克风Privacy - Photo Library Additions Usage Description
APP需要导出视频到相册，请允许访问您的相册

二、权限判断

在 APP 的开发中，有很多功能是需要用户授权了之后才能使用，这里将常用的权限判断做一下总结。

2.1 网络权限

@import CoreTelephony; //引入头文件 //应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限
CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){//获取联网状态switch (state) {case kCTCellularDataRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricrted");break;case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:NSLog(@"Not Restricted");break;case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:NSLog(@"Unknown");break;default:break;};
};//查询应用是否有联网功能
CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;switch (state) {case kCTCellularDataRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricrted");break;case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:NSLog(@"Not Restricted");break;case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:NSLog(@"Unknown");break;default:break;
}

2.2 相册权限（ iOS 8.0以上）

@import Photos; 导入头文件//检查是否有相册权限
PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (photoAuthorStatus) {case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:NSLog(@"Authorized");break;case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:NSLog(@"Denied");break;case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:NSLog(@"not Determined");break;case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricted");break;default:break;
}//获取相册权限[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {NSLog(@"Authorized");}else{NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");}}];

2.3 相机和麦克风权限

@import AVFoundation;  //导入头文件//检查是否有相机或麦克风权限
//相机权限
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
//麦克风权限
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
switch (AVstatus) {case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:NSLog(@"Authorized");break;case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:NSLog(@"Denied");break;case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:NSLog(@"not Determined");break;case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricted");break;default:break;
}//获取相机或麦克风权限
//相机权限
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {if (granted) {NSLog(@"Authorized");}else{NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");}
}];//麦克风权限
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {if (granted) {NSLog(@"Authorized");}else{NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");}
}];

2.4 定位权限

@import CoreLocation;   //导入头文件//检查定位功能是否可用BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
if (!isLocation) {NSLog(@"not turn on the location");
}//检查定位权限
CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
switch (CLstatus) {case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:NSLog(@"Always Authorized");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:NSLog(@"Denied");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:NSLog(@"not Determined");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricted");break;default:break;
}
获取定位权限CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
//一直获取定位信息
[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
//使用的时候获取定位信息
[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//在代理方法中查看权限是否改变
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{switch (status) {case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:NSLog(@"Always Authorized");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:NSLog(@"Denied");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:NSLog(@"not Determined");break;case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricted");break;default:break;}}

2.5 推送权限

//检查是否有推送权限
UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
switch (settings.types) {case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:NSLog(@"None");break;case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:NSLog(@"Alert Notification");break;case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:NSLog(@"Badge Notification");break;case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:NSLog(@"sound Notification'");break;default:break;
}//获取推送权限
UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

2.6 通讯录权限（iOS9.0及以后）

@import Contacts;  //导入头文件//检查是否有通讯录权限
CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];switch (status) {case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:{NSLog(@"Authorized:");}break;case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{NSLog(@"Denied");}break;case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{NSLog(@"Restricted");}break;case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{NSLog(@"NotDetermined");}break;
}//获取通讯录权限
CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
[contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {if (granted) {NSLog(@"Authorized");}else{NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");}}];

2.7 日历、备忘录权限

@import EventKit; //导入头文件typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {EKEntityTypeEvent,  //日历EKEntityTypeReminder   //备忘};//检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限
EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
switch (EKstatus) {case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:NSLog(@"Authorized");break;case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:NSLog(@"Denied'");break;case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:NSLog(@"not Determined");break;case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:NSLog(@"Restricted");break;default:break;
}//获取日历或备忘录权限
EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {if (granted) {NSLog(@"Authorized");}else{NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");}
}];

三、跳转到权限设置页面

在 APP 开发中，经常需要使用到一些权限，比如相机、定位、通知等，这些权限都需要用户授权之后，才能进行使用。一般的，当系统第一次需要用到这些功能时，系统会主动弹出授权提示框，询问用户是否同意 APP 使用该功能。如果用户选择了拒绝授权，那么用户就不能使用改功能。那么在用户拒绝授权之后，如何重新去授权使用该功能呢？通常有两种做法：

不做跳转，只弹出提示框，告知用户去 “设置 > 隐私 > 相机” 开启使用相机功能；

弹框提示，并跳转到设置的子界面；

方案一是苹果推荐的方法，因为苹果不建议开发者直接跳转到设置的子界面，并且苹果将跳转到设置子界面的一些 API 改成了私有的 API，所以方案二其实上架是有被拒的风险，但是从用户体验来讲，方案二显然更友好，所以开发者自己决定用哪种方案去实现吧，下面直接介绍方案二的实现代码。

// iOS 8.1 ~ iOS 14
- (void)pushSettingController {NSURL *url1 = [NSURL URLWithString:@"App-Prefs:root=NOTIFICATIONS_ID"];NSURL *url2 = [NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString];if (@available(iOS 11.0, *)) {if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url2]){[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url2 options:@{} completionHandler:nil];}} else {if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url1]){if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) {[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url1 options:@{} completionHandler:nil];} else {[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url1];}}}
}

附：设置页面对应的字符串

页面名称	对应字符串
照片与相机	App-Prefs:root=Photos
隐私->麦克风	App-Prefs:root=Privacy&path=MICROPHONE
隐私->定位	App-Prefs:root=Privacy&path=LOCATION
隐私->相机	App-Prefs:root=Privacy&path=CAMERA
个人热点	App-Prefs:root=INTERNET_TETHERING
运营商	App-Prefs:root=Carrier
无线局域网	App-Prefs:root=WIFI
蜂窝移动网络	App-Prefs:root=MOBILE_DATA_SETTINGS_ID
蓝牙	App-Prefs:root=Bluetooth
通知	App-Prefs:root=NOTIFICATIONS_ID

页面名称	对应字符串
通用	App-Prefs:root=General
通用-关于本机	App-Prefs:root=General&path=About
通用-键盘	App-Prefs:root=General&path=Keyboard
通用-辅助功能	App-Prefs:root=General&path=ACCESSIBILITY
通用-语言与地区	App-Prefs:root=General&path=INTERNATIONAL
通用-还原	App-Prefs:root=Reset
墙纸	App-Prefs:root=Wallpaper
Siri	App-Prefs:root=SIRI
隐私	App-Prefs:root=Privacy
Safari	App-Prefs:root=SAFARI
音乐	App-Prefs:root=MUSIC
音乐-均衡器	App-Prefs:root=MUSIC&path=com.apple.Music:EQ
FaceTime	App-Prefs:root=FACETIME

四、打开任意APP设置页面

采用逆向开发的手段，通过Hook可以实现跳转到任意APP的设置页面。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface LSApplicationWorkspaceHook : NSObject+ (instancetype)defaultWorkspace;
- (void)openURL:(NSURL *)url;
- (void)openWeChat;@end

#import "LSApplicationWorkspaceHook.h"@implementation LSApplicationWorkspaceHook-(void)openWeChat {// 调用 LSApplicationWorkspace 的单例方法Class aClass = NSClassFromString(@"LSApplicationWorkspace");LSApplicationWorkspaceHook *hook = [aClass defaultWorkspace];// 调用 LSApplicationWorkspace 的 `openURL:` 方法[hook openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"app-prefs:com.tencent.xin"]];
}@end

调用打开微信设置页面：

[[LSApplicationWorkspaceHook alloc] openWeChat];