python importlib_importlib --- import 的实现 — Python 3.10.0a2 文档
3.7 新版功能.
这个模块使得Python的导入系统提供了访问*包*内的*资源*的功能。如果能够导入一个包,那么就能够访问那个包里面的资源。资源可以以二进制或文本模式方式被打开或读取。
资源非常类似于目录内部的文件,要牢记的是这仅仅是一个比喻。资源和包不是与文件系统上的物理文件和目录一样存在着。
注解
This module provides functionality similar to pkg_resources Basic
Resource Access
without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading
resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent
semantics.
加载器想要支持资源读取应该实现一个由 importlib.abc.ResourceReader 指定的``get_resource_reader(fullname)`` 方法。
The following types are defined.
importlib.resources.Package¶
The Package type is defined as Union[str, ModuleType]. This means
that where the function describes accepting a Package, you can pass in
either a string or a module. Module objects must have a resolvable
__spec__.submodule_search_locations that is not None.
importlib.resources.Resource¶
This type describes the resource names passed into the various functions
in this package. This is defined as Union[str, os.PathLike].
The following functions are available.
importlib.resources.files(package)¶
Returns an importlib.resources.abc.Traversable object
representing the resource container for the package (think directory)
and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other
containers (think subdirectories).
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements.
3.9 新版功能.
importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)¶
Open for binary reading the resource within package.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open
within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a
typing.BinaryIO instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading.
importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Open for text reading the resource within package. By default, the
resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open
within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors
have the same meaning as with built-in open().
This function returns a typing.TextIO instance, a text I/O stream open
for reading.
importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)¶
Read and return the contents of the resource within package as
bytes.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open
within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the
contents of the resource as bytes.
importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')¶
Read and return the contents of resource within package as a str.
By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open
within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors
have the same meaning as with built-in open(). This function
returns the contents of the resource as str.
importlib.resources.path(package, resource)¶
Return the path to the resource as an actual file system path. This
function returns a context manager for use in a with statement.
The context manager provides a pathlib.Path object.
Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the
resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open
within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).
importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)¶
Return True if there is a resource named name in the package,
otherwise False. Remember that directories are not resources!
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements.
importlib.resources.contents(package)¶
Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable
returns str resources (e.g. files) and non-resources
(e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.
package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
Package requirements.
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