anki卡片重复

by Steven Gilbert

史蒂文·吉尔伯特

如何在Anki中使用间隔重复来学习更快的编码 (How to use spaced repetition with Anki to learn to code faster)

Imagine you could speed up your learning and better remember programming fundamentals, techniques, and commands.

想象一下，您可以加快学习速度，并更好地记住编程​​的基础知识，技术和命令。

Today I tell you how to do just that, using spaced repetition and a free open source tool called Anki.

今天，我告诉您如何使用间隔重复和名为Anki的免费开源工具来做到这一点。

Many have attested to the benefits of spaced repetition:

许多人证明了间隔重复的好处：

• Jeopardy! champion Robert Craig says he owes some of his success to using Anki for memorizing trivia.

  危险！ 冠军罗伯特·克雷格 ( Robert Craig)说，他的成功归功于使用Anki来记住琐事。

• Googley as Heck, who studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview, says “Spaced repetition is the key to memorization…You become an expert by revisiting and reviewing over time. If you do so, you’ll get to the point where [you] can’t forget details.”

  Google式的哎呀 ，谁研究的专职8个月的谷歌面试 ，说：“ 净距重复的关键是记忆......你成为重新审视，并回顾了时间的专家。 如果这样做，您将到达[忘记]细节的地步 。”

• And Derek Sivers, founder of CDBaby, writes that spaced repetition is “the most helpful learning technique I’ve found in 14 years of computer programming.”

  CDBaby的创始人Derek Sivers 写道 ，间隔重复是“ 我在14年的计算机编程中发现的最有用的学习技术 。”

For me personally, Anki has been an indispensable part of my effort to learn to code. I use it to remember important ideas from HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and commands from Git and Bash.

就我个人而言，Anki是我学习编码中不可或缺的一部分。 我用它来记住来自HTML，CSS，JavaScript的重要思想以及来自Git和Bash的命令。

I’m currently in deferral at UC-Berkeley Law School, and Anki will 100% be part of my strategy to master the law.

我目前正在UC-Berkeley法学院进行延期学习，Anki将100％成为我掌握法律的策略的一部分。

In this article, I’ll cover:

在本文中，我将介绍：

• What spaced repetition is什么是间隔重复
• How Anki helps with spaced repetitionAnki如何帮助间隔重复
• And how these can speed up your learning and improve your retention of programming concepts.以及这些方法如何加速您的学习并提高对编程概念的保留。

什么是间隔重复？ (What is Spaced Repetition?)

Spaced repetition seeks to solve the problem of forgetting. It holds that the ideal moment to remember a new piece of information is at the moment you are about to forget it.

间隔重复旨在解决遗忘问题 。 它认为记住新信息的理想时机是您即将忘记它的那一刻 。

For example, suppose you don’t know the capital of Colombia. And suppose right now I tell you what the capital of Colombia is.

例如，假设您不知道哥伦比亚的首都。 现在我想告诉你哥伦比亚的首都是什么。

The capital of Colombia is Bogotá.

哥伦比亚的首都是波哥大 。

Let’s assume your memory is such that you’ll remember this new fact—that the capital of Colombia is Bogotá—after your very first exposure to it, for a clean 20 minutes. After which you’ll forget.

假设您的记忆力使您会记住这个新事实，即哥伦比亚的首都是波哥大，这是您第一次接触它之后的二十分钟 。 之后，您会忘记。

But, if at 19 minutes and 59 seconds, while we’re having a cup of coffee, I remind you…

但是，如果在19分59秒时 ，我们在喝咖啡时，我提醒您…

The capital of Colombia is Bogotá.

哥伦比亚的首都是波哥大 。

…spaced repetition theory says you’ll be able to remember Bogotá is the capital of Colombia for now say 40 minutes. After which you’ll forget.

…间隔重复理论说，您现在可以记住40分钟说来的波哥大是哥伦比亚的首都。 之后，您会忘记。

But, if I remind you again 39 minutes and 59 seconds later that…

但是，如果我在39分钟59秒后再次提醒您，那…

The capital of Colombia is Bogotá.

哥伦比亚的首都是波哥大 。

…you’ll be able to retain this piece of geographic trivia in memory for an even longer period, let’s say up to one hour.

…您可以将这段地理琐事在内存中保留更长的时间，例如长达一个小时。

And if we continue to proceed in this manner, where I keep reminding you the capital of Colombia is Bogotá precisely at the moment you’re about to forget, the time in between memory lapses grows exponentially from hours to days, then to months, then to years.

如果我们继续以这种方式，当我不断提醒你哥伦比亚的首都进行的波哥大恰恰在你快要忘记，时刻在记忆丧失的时刻从时间呈指数增长至数天，然后到几个月，然后到几年。

And eventually, as the theory goes, the knowledge — that Bogotá is the capital of Colombia — will be more or less permanently lodged in your memory.

最终，随着理论的发展，有关波哥大是哥伦比亚的首都的知识将或多或少永久地保存在您的记忆中。

This notion of a decline in memory over time is known as the forgetting curve, and it was developed by Herman Ebbinghaus in 1885.

这种记忆力随时间下降的概念被称为遗忘曲线 ，它是 由Herman Ebbinghau于1885年开发。

And this idea — that it’s more efficient and effective to space out learning over time as opposed to cramming — is known as the spacing effect.

这种想法(即随着时间的推移而不是塞满，更有效地隔开学习空间)被称为间隔效应 。

Together, the forgetting curve and the spacing effect are the fundamental concepts behind spaced repetition.

遗忘曲线和间隔效应共同构成了间隔重复的基本概念。

Depending on your forgetting curve, you determine the optimal interval to remind yourself of a memory item (meaning any piece of information), and you space out reinforcement of the memory item accordingly. Piotr Woźniak, a pioneer in memory research, sums up these ideas:

根据您的遗忘曲线，您可以确定最佳的时间间隔来提醒自己某个记忆项目(意味着任何信息)，并相应地间隔加固该记忆项目。 记忆研究的先驱PiotrWoźniak 总结了以下观点：

Optimum intervals are calculated on the basis of two contradictory criteria:

最佳间隔是根据两个相互矛盾的标准计算得出的：

1. Intervals should be as long as possible to obtain the minimum frequency of repetitions, and to make the best use of the so-called spacing effect, which says that longer inter-repetition intervals, up to a certain limit, produce stronger memories

1.间隔应尽可能长，以获取最小的重复频率，并充分利用所谓的间隔效应，即间隔较长的重复间隔(达到一定限制)会产生更强的记忆力

2. Intervals should be short enough to ensure that the knowledge is still remembered

2.间隔应该足够短，以确保仍然记住该知识

At this point, you might be asking, “but how do you know precisely the moment you’re about to forget that the capital of Colombia is Bogotá? How do you know what your optimal interval is?”

在这一点上，您可能会问：“但是，当您忘记哥伦比亚的首都是波哥大时，您如何确切地知道呢？ 您怎么知道最佳间隔是多少？”

Of course it’d be quite difficult to know down to the second without much painstaking trial-and-error and a Charles Darwin-level attention to detail. But fortunately we don’t need such diligence because a familiar friend can help us: software.

当然，要不经过反复尝试和查尔斯·达尔文一级对细节的关注就很难知道第二个。 但幸运的是，我们不需要这样的勤奋工作，因为熟悉的朋友可以帮助我们： 软件 。

(You can also use a non-automated system called the Leitner system.)

(您也可以使用称为Leitner系统的非自动化系统 。)

Software, built on a mountain of memory research, can help you determine the optimal time to reinforce memorization. And specifically Spaced Repetition Software.

建立在大量内存研究之上的软件可以帮助您确定加强记忆的最佳时间。 特别是间隔重复软件 。

什么是安琪？ (What is Anki?)

Anki is an open source Spaced Repetition Software tool developed and maintained by Damien Elmes. You can think of it as a kind of “smart flashcard program” that leverages spaced repetition and makes memorization more efficient.

Anki是一个开源的间隔重复软件 该工具由Damien Elmes开发和维护。 您可以将其视为一种“智能抽认卡程序”，它可以利用间隔重复并提高记忆效率。

Anki is built on top of the premise that you best remember knowledge with periodic and strategically-timed reminders. Which means it’s built on top of the powers of spaced repetition.

Anki建立在这样的前提之上，即您可以通过定期和战略性的提醒来最好地记住知识。 这意味着它建立在间隔重复的力量之上。

You can use Anki to remember virtually anything that needs remembering.

您可以使用Anki记住几乎所有需要记住的内容。

Note, however, Anki is not a replacement for learning. You must first understand the material you’re learning, and then commit it to Anki, which will brilliantly help you retain the knowledge you’ve acquired. Meaning Anki is a part of the learning process that comes after understanding.

但是请注意，Anki不能代替Learning 。 您必须首先了解正在学习的材料，然后将其提交给Anki，这将极大地帮助您保留所获得的知识。 含义Anki是理解后学习过程的一部分。

There’s other space repetition software in the world such as SuperMemo, created by the aforementioned Piotr Woźniak. Anki in fact implements a version of the algorithm that powers SuperMemo.

世界上还有其他空间重复软件，例如SuperMemo ，它是由上述PiotrWoźniak创建的。 实际上，Anki实现了为SuperMemo提供支持的算法版本。

I focus here on Anki because it’s what I’ve become accustomed to, it works well, and it’s open source and free. If you’ve used SuperMemo or another SRS tool, let us know about your experience in the comments.

我将重点放在Anki上，因为这是我已经习惯的东西，它运作良好，并且是开源和免费的。 如果您使用过SuperMemo或其他SRS工具，请在评论中告诉我们您的经验。

If you end up deciding to use Anki too, I nonetheless encourage you to read up on Woźniak and what he’s had to say about memory and learning and creativity because it’s highly insightful.

如果您最终决定也使用Anki，我仍然鼓励您继续阅读 Woźniak，以及他对记忆，学习和创造力的评价，因为它具有很高的洞察力。

As far as devices go, Anki comes in a desktop version which, if you haven’t used Anki before, is recommended you start with. There’s also:

就设备而言，Anki是台式机版本，如果您以前从未使用过Anki，建议您从此开始。 还有：

• A free companion web app, AnkiWeb.

  免费的伴侣网络应用程序AnkiWeb 。

• A free companion Android app AnkiDroid, fully compatible and synchronizable with Anki desktop/web.

  一个免费的随附Android应用程序AnkiDroid ，与Anki桌面/网络完全兼容并可以同步。

• And for iPhone users, a $24.99 companion app AnkiMobile in the AppStore.

  对于iPhone用户，AppStore中有一款售价24.99美元的配套应用AnkiMobile 。

Anki的运作方式 (How Anki works)

Know that you can go deep into how you use and configure Anki. I only give you a high-level overview so you get the gist.

知道您可以深入了解如何使用和配置Anki。 我只给您一个高层次的概述，以便您了解要点。

1. You create “decks,” which are a group of cards representing a broad category. For example, “JavaScript” or “Capitals” might be a deck.

   创建“ 甲板 ”，这是代表一个大类一组牌。 例如，“ JavaScript”或“ Capitals”可能是套牌。

Here’s an example of an Anki deck in the desktop app. (Don’t worry about the “New,” “Learning,” “To Review” for now. I’ll come back to these in a moment):

这是桌面应用程序中Anki卡座的示例。 (现在不用担心“新”，“学习”，“评论”。稍后我将再次介绍这些内容)：

2. You add “cards” to your decks, which are customizable with HTML and CSS.

2.您将“ 卡片 ”添加到牌组中，可以使用HTML和CSS对其进行自定义。

A card might be a standard front-and-back flashcard, where you’re first presented with the front. Here’s an example from a deck on “Capitals”:

卡可能是标准的正面和背面抽认卡，首先是在正面显示您的卡片。 这是“资本”中的一个例子：

And when you’re ready for the answer, you hit Show Answer to reveal the answer on the back of the card:

当您准备好答案时，请点击显示答案以在卡片背面显示答案：

ProTip: there are other card types, besides the front-and-back flashcard type, like cloze deletion you’ll want to become familiar with. Cloze deletion is a particularly useful card type I use all the time (in fact most of my cards use cloze deletion) because it’s simple and effective at organizing information.

ProTip：除了正面和背面的抽认卡类型外，还有其他卡类型，例如您要熟悉的完形填空 。 完形填空删除是我一直使用的一种特别有用的卡类型(实际上，我的大多数卡片都使用完形填空删除)，因为它在组织信息方面既简单又有效。

ProTip: creating Anki cards is an art. And the more you practice, the better you’ll get. As a rule-of-thumb, you’ll want to try to follow the minimum information principle, which essentially means:

ProTip：创建Anki卡是一门艺术。 练习的次数越多，您就会越好。 作为经验法则，您将尝试遵循最小信息原则 ，这实际上意味着：

KISS — Keep it Simple Stupid. You want to keep your cards as simple as possible because simple is easier to remember.

吻—保持简单愚蠢。 您想使卡片尽可能简单，因为简单易记。

3. Once you’re done adding cards, you Anki (practice).

3.完成添加卡片后，您便可以进行Anki(练习)。

Let’s look back at the Colombia-Bogotá card to see how the process works.

让我们回头看一下哥伦比亚波哥大卡，看看该过程如何进行。

After you click Show Answer and you’re brought to the back of the card, you ask yourself:

单击显示答案并将您带到卡片的背面后，您会问自己：

How difficult was it to come up with the answer?

得出答案有多难？

• If you didn’t know the answer, you might choose Again, which will expose you to the card again in less than a minute.

  如果您不知道答案，则可以选择“ 再次” ，这将在不到一分钟的时间内再次将您暴露在卡片上。

• If you came up with the answer after pausing and digging into your memory bank, you might select Good, which will show you the card again in less than 10 minutes.

  如果您在暂停并进入存储库后想出了答案，则可以选择“ 好” ，它会在不到10分钟的时间内再次向您显示存储卡。

• And if the answer was easy, you choose Easy and you won’t see the card again for four days.

  如果答案很简单，则选择“ 简单”，并且四天后将不会再看到该卡片。

Anki’s program then keeps track of the state of your progress: which cards to review and when. Which means Anki is doing the tedious work of tracking your forgetting curve for each and every card.

然后，Anki的程序会跟踪您的进度状态：检查哪些卡以及何时进行检查。 这意味着Anki会进行繁琐的工作来跟踪每张卡的遗忘曲线。

This is the power of automating spaced repetition with software.

这是使用软件自动执行间隔重复的功能。

I should point out that you can change some of the variables of Anki’s spaced repetition algorithm. You do so by going into your deck options and customizing what you want to customize, such as the number of reviewable cards per day, the time interval options, among other variables.

我应该指出，您可以更改Anki的间隔重复算法的一些变量。 为此，您可以进入甲板选项并自定义要自定义的内容，例如每天可查看的卡片数量，时间间隔选项以及其他变量。

In the beginning, though, perhaps you might want to leave these settings alone and just use the defaults. And as you become more comfortable with Anki, you can start to be creative with the deck options.

不过，在一开始，也许您可​​能想保留这些设置，而只使用默认设置。 随着您对Anki的使用变得更加舒适，您可以开始使用广告牌选项来发挥创意。

To re-visit our JavaScript deck:

要重新访问我们JavaScript平台：

• New means you’ve added 4 new cards to your JavaScript deck and they’re ready to be reviewed

  新增表示您已在JavaScript卡组中添加了4张新卡，可以随时对其进行审核

• Learning means, if you’re in the middle of working through a deck and you chose, say, Good <10m, Anki will store that card in the learning queue and show it to you again in 10 minutes. See here for more details.

  学习是指，如果您正处于甲板上工作的中间，并且选择了“ Good < 10m”，Anki会将其存储在学习队列中，并在10分钟内再次显示给您。 小号EE ^ h埃雷了解更多详情。

• To Review means the number of cards outstanding for review.

  审核是指未审核的卡数。

And all this will become much clearer the more and more you use Anki.

越来越多地使用Anki，所有这些将变得更加清晰。

如何开始使用Anki (How to get started with Anki)

Regarding tutorials and how to use Anki, the docs on the website are phenomenal and will probably answer most of your questions. And there are also a few helpful video tutorials.

关于教程和如何使用Anki，网站上的文档非常出色，可能会回答您的大多数问题。 此外，还有一些有用的视频教程 。

In the meantime I give you a checklist on how to get started with Anki because checklists can be helpful.

同时，我给您一个有关Anki入门的清单，因为清单可能会有所帮助。

1. Read Derek Siver’s article on spaced repetition because it reinforces much of what I talked about.

1.阅读Derek Siver关于间隔重复的文章 ，因为它加强了我所谈论的内容。

2. Read this Wired interview with Piotr Woźniak because it gives you a holistic overview of spaced repetition, learning, and memory research.

2.阅读有关PiotrWoźniak的有线采访 ，因为它为您提供了间隔重复，学习和记忆研究的整体概览。

3. Read Effective learning: Twenty rules of formulating knowledge by Piotr Woźniak because it gives you techniques for how to formulate and structure your Anki cards.

3.阅读有效学习： PiotrWoźniak 制定知识的二十条规则，因为它为您提供了如何配制和构造Anki卡的技术。

Notably, remember that spaced repetition is not a substitute for learning. It is critical you first understand the material before you commit it to spaced repetition. First understand and then reinforce with Anki. Remember to use the KISS method to create cards, and to use imagery in your cards when possible.

值得注意的是，请记住，间隔重复并不是学习的替代品。 在将其提交给间隔重复之前，首先了解该材料很重要。 首先了解，然后通过Anki加强。 记住要使用KISS方法创建卡，并在可能的情况下在卡中使用图像。

4. Create your own decks.

4.创建自己的甲板。

5. Remember to keep your decks broad and general. For example, if you’re learning JavaScript, don’t create one deck called “Closures” and another called “Prototypal inheritance.” Instead create one “JavaScript” deck. Refer to Using Decks Appropriately in the documentation for more details.

5.记住保持甲板宽阔而笼统。 例如，如果您正在学习JavaScript，请不要创建一个名为“ Closures”的平台，也不要创建一个名为“ Prototypal继承”的平台。 而是创建一个“ JavaScript”平台。 有关更多详细信息，请参阅文档中的“ 适当使用甲板” 。

6. Become one with cloze deletion because it’ll help your learning tremendously.

6.成为带有完形填空删除的人，因为它将极大地帮助您的学习。

7. Understand the downsides.

7.了解不利之处。

There are a few downsides to space repetition. Interference in recall is one.

空间重复存在一些缺点。 召回干扰是其中之一。

For instance, you can imagine experiencing interference in recall with, say, the capitals of Martinique, Marituania, and Mauritius because they’re all similarly named.

例如，您可以想象马提尼克岛，马里塔尼亚岛和毛里求斯的首都在召回过程中受到干扰，因为它们的名称都相似。

Some interference is hard to escape, and you might want to implement other memory hacks in such cases. But you can limit the downside by keeping your cards simple.

很难避免某些干扰，在这种情况下，您可能希望实施其他内存攻击。 但是您可以通过简化牌来限制不利因素。

Learn more about the downsides here (scroll down to downsides) and here (scroll down to combat interference).

在此处 (向下滚动到负面)和此处 (向下滚动以消除干扰)了解更多不利方面。

9. Remember to keep your cards and decks synced. Choose one “home base” like the desktop version and then sync with AnkiWeb and one of the mobile apps each time you make a change. You put in effort to create your cards and decks. Avoid the headache of having to redo your work.

9.记住保持卡和卡座同步。 选择一个“家用”桌面版，然后每次进行更改时与AnkiWeb和一个移动应用程序同步。 您努力创建了卡片和卡组。 避免不得不重做工作的头痛。

9. Make Anki a habit. In order to see the fruits of Anki’s magic, you must make a decision and commit to going through your cards every day they’re due. Associate Anki with a cup of coffee. Or the morning. Or lunch time. Or something positive. Find ways to make Anki a habit.

9.养成安琪的习惯。 为了看到Anki的魔力之果，您必须做出决定，并承诺每天都要付诸表决。 将Anki与一杯咖啡联系起来。 还是早上。 或午餐时间。 或积极的东西。 寻找使Anki成为习惯的方法。

回顾： (To review:)

• Spaced repetition is the idea that you most effectively remember a piece of information if you’re exposed to it at the moment of forgetting.间隔重复的想法是，如果您在忘记的时刻接触到一条信息，则可以最有效地记住一条信息。
• Anki automates spaced repetition. This makes for an incredibly efficient and useful memorization tool.Anki自动执行间隔重复。 这使得存储工具变得非常有效和有用。
• Anki can help you build up your knowledge base of computer programming fundamentals, techniques, and best practices.Anki可以帮助您建立计算机编程基础知识，技术和最佳实践的知识库。
• In addition to computer programming knowledge, you can use Anki to remember anything else you want to add to your memory.除了计算机编程知识外，您还可以使用Anki记住要添加到内存中的任何其他内容。
• Remember: Anki is a part of the learning process, not a replacement. You must first understand. And then use Anki.切记：Anki是学习过程的一部分，而不是替代品。 您必须先了解。 然后使用Anki。

If you have questions, you can tweet me at @gilbertginsberg or find me at GilbertIndex.

如果您有任何疑问，您可以鸣叫我@gilbertginsberg或者找我在GilbertIndex 。

进一步阅读： (Further reading:)

• Spaced repetition, Wikipedia

  间隔重复

• Forgetting curve, Wikipedia

  遗忘曲线

• Spacing effect, Wikipedia

  间隔效应

• Hermann Ebbinghaus, Wikipedia

  赫尔曼·埃宾豪斯 ( Hermann Ebbinghaus )

• Leitner system, Wikipedia

  莱特纳系统

• Damien Elmes, creator of Anki

  Anki的创建者Damien Elmes

• Anki docs

  Anki文档

• General principles of SuperMemo by Piotr Woźniak

  PiotrWoźniak撰写的SuperMemo的一般原则

• The roots of creativity and genius by Piotr Woźniak

  皮奥特·沃尼亚克(PiotrWoźniak) 的创造力和才华

• Optimization of repetition spacing in the practice of learning by Piotr Woźniak and Edward J. Gorzelanczyk

  PiotrWoźniak和Edward J. Gorzelanczyk 在学习实践中优化重复间隔

• Want to Remember Everything You’ll Ever Learn? Surrender to This Algorithm by Gary Wolf in Wired

  想记住您将学到的一切吗？ 《有线》杂志的加里·沃尔夫(Gary Wolf)对此算法投降了

• Memorizing a programming language using spaced repetition software by Derek Sivers

  使用 Derek Sivers的间隔重复软件记忆编程语言

• Using spaced repetition systems to learn and retain technical knowledge. by Jack Kinsella

  使用间隔重复系统学习和保留技术知识。 杰克·金塞拉(Jack Kinsella)

• Spaced repetition by @gwern

  用@gwern隔开 重复

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/use-spaced-repetition-with-anki-to-learn-to-code-faster-7c334d448c3c/

anki卡片重复