flutter安装与环境配置

macOS系统上flutter安装与环境配置
- 添加国内镜像
- 获取flutter SDK
- 获取Android SDK
- 安装xcode
- flutter安装和配置过程中的一些错误处理

macOS系统上flutter安装与环境配置

添加国内镜像

本地目录~/.bash_profile内，添加flutter国内镜像（command+shift+.查看隐藏文件，如没有.bash_profile文件，则新建一个）

 export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cnexport FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

获取flutter SDK

1.下载flutter，有两种方式
官网地址： https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/releases?tab=macos#macos
github地址： https://github.com/flutter/flutter/releases

2.解压安装包到你想安装的目录，如：

cd ~/development
unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_1.22.4-stable.zip

3.添加flutter相关工具到path中：

针对当前命令行窗口设置PATH环境变量

export PATH=`pwd`/flutter/bin:$PATH

永久将Flutter添加到PATH中(推荐)，在~/.bash_profile内添加环境变量

export PATH=PATH_TO_FLUTTER_GIT_DIRECTORY/flutter/bin:$PATH

注意：PATH_TO_FLUTTER_GIT_DIRECTORY为你flutter的路径，比如“~/development”

export PATH=~/development/flutter/bin:$PATH

4.运行 source $HOME/.bash_profile刷新当前终端窗口
5.运行 flutter doctor，检测flutter SKD是否安装完成，同时查看其它安装项

flutter doctor

获取Android SDK

1.安装Android studio，安装过程中自动安装Android SDK
官网地址：https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
Android studio中文社区地址：http://www.android-studio.org

2.在~/.bash_profile内添加Android SDK的环境变量

export ANDROID_HOME="/Users/用户名/Library/Android/sdk"

注意：android sdk目录，“用户名”替换为你自己的即可
3.首次安装同意Android协议

flutter doctor --Android-licenses

4.安装Android studio plugins，安装flutter和dart插件
5.运行 flutter doctor，检测Android SKD是否安装完成

安装xcode

1.安装xcode
官网地址：https://developer.apple.com/download/

2.启动xcode，打开xcode > Preferences > locations，将Command Line Tools 设置为当前版本的xcode

3.切换路径

sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

4.确保Xcode许可协议是通过打开一次Xcode或通过命令同意过了

sudo xcodebuild -license

5.运行 flutter doctor，检测xcode是否安装完成，如需安装依赖，按提示执行

flutter安装和配置过程中的一些错误处理

环境：(解决错误请注意自己的环境和版本信息)
mac 10.15.7
xcode 12.2
Command Line Tools for Xcode 12.2
Android studio 4.1

1.执行安装cocoapods时报错

sudo gem install cocoapods

错误信息：

 package configuration for libffi is not found
"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib -L. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib   -arch x86_64   -lruby.2.6   "
In file included from conftest.c:1:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby.h:33:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: fatal error: 'ruby/config.h' file not found
#include "ruby/config.h"^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: note: did not find header 'config.h' in framework 'ruby' (loaded from '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks')
1 error generated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

问题目录：

/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19

问题原因：

安装需要的文件名，与自己系统内的文件名不一致

解决办法：

查看自己电脑该路径下是universal-darwin20
拷贝文件universal-darwin20，并重命名为universal-darwin19
或者执行命令，创建软连接

ln -s /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin20 /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin19

2.flutter doctor提示Android studio没有安装flutter、dart插件，实际已经安装
问题原因：

在Android studio 4.1中plugin目录发生了变化

解决办法：

ln -s ~/Library/Application\ Support/Google/AndroidStudio4.1/plugins ~/Library/Application\ Support/AndroidStudio4.1

3.flutter项目运行卡在Running Gradle task ‘assembleDebug’
问题原因：

由于网络无法访问到Google服务引起的

镜像链接：

maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' }
maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }

解决办法：

找到Flutte SDK目录下的Flutter打包配置文件flutter.gradle，路径为flutter\packages\flutter_tools\gradle\flutter.gradle，或者当前项目.flutter\packages\flutter_tools\gradle\flutter.gradle
修改Flutter项目下的.android下的build.gradle，路径为.android/build.gradle