Molar mass（计算分子量）字符转化

题目

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. The molarmass of an organic compound is the mass of one mole of the organic compound. The molar mass of an organic compound can be computed from the standard atomic weights of the elements.
When an organic compound is given as a molecular formula, Dr. CHON wants to find its molar mass. A molecular formula, such as C3H4O3, identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecule of that compound. If a molecule contains more than one atom of a particular element, this quantity is indicated using a subscript after the chemical symbol.
In this problem, we assume that the molecular formula is represented by only four elements, ‘C’
(Carbon), ‘H’ (Hydrogen), ‘O’ (Oxygen), and ‘N’ (Nitrogen) without parentheses.
The following table shows that the standard atomic weights for ‘C’, ‘H’, ‘O’, and ‘N’.
Atomic Name Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Standard Atomic Weight 12.01 g/mol 1.008 g/mol 16.00 g/mol 14.01 g/mol
For example, the molar mass of a molecular formula C6H5OH is 94.108 g/mol which is computed by 6 × (12.01 g/mol) + 6 × (1.008 g/mol) + 1 × (16.00 g/mol).
Given a molecular formula, write a program to compute the molar mass of the formula.

Input

Your program is to read from standard input. The input consists of T test cases. The number of test
cases T is given in the first line of the input. Each test case is given in a single line, which contains
a molecular formula as a string. The chemical symbol is given by a capital letter and the length of
the string is greater than 0 and less than 80. The quantity number n which is represented after the
chemical symbol would be omitted when the number is 1 (2 ≤ n ≤ 99).

Output

Your program is to write to standard output. Print exactly one line for each test case. The line should
contain the molar mass of the given molecular formula.

Sample Input

4
C
C6H5OH
NH2CH2COOH
C12H22O11

Sample Output

12.010
94.108
75.070
342.296

代码+注释

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int T;double k[5];string l;cin>>T;while(T--){memset(k,0,sizeof(k));      //将数组k初始化为0。cin>>l;float ans=0;int len=l.size();       //求出数组l的大小。for(int i=0;i<len;i++){if(l[i]=='C')       //分别讨论不同的元素{if((l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57)&&(l[i+2]>=48&&l[i+2]<=57))         //讨论元素的个数（10~99）。{k[0]+=((l[i+1]-'0')*10+(l[i+2]-'0'));}else if(l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57)        //讨论元素的个数（2~9）。{k[0]+=(l[i+1]-'0');}else k[0]+=1;         //讨论元素个数（1）}else if(l[i]=='H'){if((l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57)&&(l[i+2]>=48&&l[i+2]<=57)){k[1]+=((l[i+1]-'0')*10+(l[i+2]-'0'));}else if(l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57){k[1]+=(l[i+1]-'0');}else k[1]+=1;}else if(l[i]=='O'){if((l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57)&&(l[i+2]>=48&&l[i+2]<=57)){k[2]+=((l[i+1]-'0')*10+(l[i+2]-'0'));}else if(l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57){k[2]+=(l[i+1]-'0');}else k[2]+=1;}else if(l[i]=='N'){if((l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57)&&(l[i+2]>=48&&l[i+2]<=57)){k[3]+=((l[i+1]-'0')*10+(l[i+2]-'0'));}else if(l[i+1]>=48&&l[i+1]<=57){k[3]+=(l[i+1]-'0');}else k[3]+=1;}}k[0]*=12.01;k[1]*=1.008;k[2]*=16;k[3]*=14.01;      //各元素的相对原子质量。for(int i=0;i<4;i++)ans+=k[i];           //求出相对分子质量。printf("%.3f\n",ans);}return 0;
}