Docker-compose简介

Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。

Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层，分别是工程（project），服务（service）以及容器（container）。Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml，extends文件或环境变量文件等）组成一个工程，若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像，参数，依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例，Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题，因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡。
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml，可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件，其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。

使用一个Dockerfile模板文件，可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。在工作中，经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目，除了Web服务容器本身，往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器，甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件（YAML 格式）来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目（project）。

Docker-Compose项目由Python编写，调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此，只要所操作的平台支持Docker API，就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。

Compose使用的三个步骤：

使用Dockerfile定义应用程序的环境。
使用docker-compose.yml定义构成应用程序的服务，这样它们可以在隔离环境中一起运行。
最后，执行docker-compose up命令来启动并运行整个应用程序。

Docker-compose的安装

安装环境：

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

直接apt命令安装：

$ sudo apt install docker-compose
... ...
$ docker-compose -v
docker-compose version 1.25.0, build unknown

简单使用

创建docker-compose.yml，内容如下：

version: '2'
services:web1:image: nginxports:- "6061:80"container_name: "nginx1"networks:- ngweb2:image: nginxports:- "6062:80"container_name: "nginx2"networks:- ngnetworks:ng:driver: bridge

启动应用

$ docker-compose up

然后就可以在浏览器访问nginx了，是不是很方便！！！

Docker-compose常用命令

Docker-compose命令格式

$ docker-compose -h
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.Usage:docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]docker-compose -h|--helpOptions:-f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file(default: docker-compose.yml)-p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name(default: directory name)--verbose                   Show more output--log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)--no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters-v, --version               Print version and exit-H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to--tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify--tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA--tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file--tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file--tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote--skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against thename specified in the client certificate--project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory(default: the path of the Compose file)--compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert keysin v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent--env-file PATH             Specify an alternate environment fileCommands:build              Build or rebuild servicesbundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose fileconfig             Validate and view the Compose filecreate             Create servicesdown               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumesevents             Receive real time events from containersexec               Execute a command in a running containerhelp               Get help on a commandimages             List imageskill               Kill containerslogs               View output from containerspause              Pause servicesport               Print the public port for a port bindingps                 List containerspull               Pull service imagespush               Push service imagesrestart            Restart servicesrm                 Remove stopped containersrun                Run a one-off commandscale              Set number of containers for a servicestart              Start servicesstop               Stop servicestop                Display the running processesunpause            Unpause servicesup                 Create and start containersversion            Show the Docker-Compose version information

docker-compose up

启动服务：

$ docker-compose up -h
Builds, (re)creates, starts, and attaches to containers for a service.Unless they are already running, this command also starts any linked services.The `docker-compose up` command aggregates the output of each container. When
the command exits, all containers are stopped. Running `docker-compose up -d`
starts the containers in the background and leaves them running.If there are existing containers for a service, and the service's configuration
or image was changed after the container's creation, `docker-compose up` picks
up the changes by stopping and recreating the containers (preserving mounted
volumes). To prevent Compose from picking up changes, use the `--no-recreate`
flag.If you want to force Compose to stop and recreate all containers, use the
`--force-recreate` flag.Usage: up [options] [--scale SERVICE=NUM...] [SERVICE...]Options:-d, --detach               Detached mode: Run containers in the background,print new container names. Incompatible with--abort-on-container-exit.--no-color                 Produce monochrome output.--quiet-pull               Pull without printing progress information--no-deps                  Don't start linked services.--force-recreate           Recreate containers even if their configurationand image haven't changed.--always-recreate-deps     Recreate dependent containers.Incompatible with --no-recreate.--no-recreate              If containers already exist, don't recreatethem. Incompatible with --force-recreate and -V.--no-build                 Don't build an image, even if it's missing.--no-start                 Don't start the services after creating them.--build                    Build images before starting containers.--abort-on-container-exit  Stops all containers if any container wasstopped. Incompatible with -d.-t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Use this timeout in seconds for containershutdown when attached or when containers arealready running. (default: 10)-V, --renew-anon-volumes   Recreate anonymous volumes instead of retrievingdata from the previous containers.--remove-orphans           Remove containers for services not definedin the Compose file.--exit-code-from SERVICE   Return the exit code of the selected servicecontainer. Implies --abort-on-container-exit.--scale SERVICE=NUM        Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the`scale` setting in the Compose file if present.

使用如下：

$ docker-compose up -d
Starting nginx1 ... done
Starting nginx2 ... done

docker-compose ps

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose ps -h
List containers.Usage: ps [options] [SERVICE...]Options:-q, --quiet          Only display IDs--services           Display services--filter KEY=VAL     Filter services by a property-a, --all            Show all stopped containers (including those created by the run command)

使用如下：

$ docker-compose psName               Command               State                  Ports--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nginx1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:6061->80/tcp,:::6061->80/tcp
nginx2   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:6062->80/tcp,:::6062->80/tcp

docker-compose stop

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose stop -h
Stop running containers without removing them.They can be started again with `docker-compose start`.Usage: stop [options] [SERVICE...]Options:-t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

使用如下：

$ docker-compose stop
Stopping nginx2 ... done
Stopping nginx1 ... done

docker-compose down

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose down -h
Stops containers and removes containers, networks, volumes, and images
created by `up`.By default, the only things removed are:- Containers for services defined in the Compose file
- Networks defined in the `networks` section of the Compose file
- The default network, if one is usedNetworks and volumes defined as `external` are never removed.Usage: down [options]Options:--rmi type              Remove images. Type must be one of:'all': Remove all images used by any service.'local': Remove only images that don't have acustom tag set by the `image` field.-v, --volumes           Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes`section of the Compose file and anonymous volumesattached to containers.--remove-orphans        Remove containers for services not defined in theCompose file-t, --timeout TIMEOUT   Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

使用如下：

t$ docker-compose down
Stopping nginx2 ... done
Stopping nginx1 ... done
Removing nginx2 ... done
Removing nginx1 ... done
Removing network test_ng

docker-compose logs

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose logs -h
View output from containers.Usage: logs [options] [SERVICE...]Options:--no-color          Produce monochrome output.-f, --follow        Follow log output.-t, --timestamps    Show timestamps.--tail="all"        Number of lines to show from the end of the logsfor each container.

使用如下：

$ docker-compose logs -f
... ...

docker-compose bulid

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose build -h
Build or rebuild services.Services are built once and then tagged as `project_service`,
e.g. `composetest_db`. If you change a service's `Dockerfile` or the
ontents of its build directory, you can run `docker-compose build` to rebuild it.Usage: build [options] [--build-arg key=val...] [SERVICE...]Options:--build-arg key=val     Set build-time variables for services.--compress              Compress the build context using gzip.--force-rm              Always remove intermediate containers.-m, --memory MEM        Set memory limit for the build container.--no-cache              Do not use cache when building the image.--no-rm                 Do not remove intermediate containers after a successful build.--parallel              Build images in parallel.--progress string       Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty).EXPERIMENTAL flag for native builder.To enable, run with COMPOSE_DOCKER_CLI_BUILD=1)--pull                  Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image.-q, --quiet             Don't print anything to STDOUT

使用如下：

$ cat docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:web:build:dockerfile: redis.dockerfilecontext: .ports:- "6379:6379"container_name: "redis"networks:- redisnetworks:redis:driver: bridge$ docker-compose build
Building web
... ...

docker-compose pull

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose pull -h
Pulls images for services defined in a Compose file, but does not start the containers.Usage: pull [options] [SERVICE...]Options:--ignore-pull-failures  Pull what it can and ignores images with pull failures.--parallel              Deprecated, pull multiple images in parallel (enabled by default).--no-parallel           Disable parallel pulling.-q, --quiet             Pull without printing progress information--include-deps          Also pull services declared as dependencies

使用如下：

$ docker-compose pull
Pulling web1 ... done
Pulling web2 ... done

docker-compose restart

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose restart -h
Restart running containers.Usage: restart [options] [SERVICE...]Options:-t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

使用如下：

$ docker-compose restart
Restarting nginx2 ... done
Restarting nginx1 ... done

docker-compose rm

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose rm -h
Removes stopped service containers.By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You
can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`.Any data which is not in a volume will be lost.Usage: rm [options] [SERVICE...]Options:-f, --force   Don't ask to confirm removal-s, --stop    Stop the containers, if required, before removing-v            Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers-a, --all     Deprecated - no effect.

使用如下：

$ docker-compose rm
Going to remove nginx2, nginx1
Are you sure? [yN] y
Removing nginx2 ... done
Removing nginx1 ... done

docker-compose start

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose start -h
Start existing containers.Usage: start [SERVICE...]

使用如下：

$ docker-compose start
Starting web1 ... done
Starting web2 ... done

docker-compose run

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose run -h
Run a one-off command on a service.For example:$ docker-compose run web python manage.py shellBy default, linked services will be started, unless they are already
running. If you do not want to start linked services, use
`docker-compose run --no-deps SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]`.Usage:run [options] [-v VOLUME...] [-p PORT...] [-e KEY=VAL...] [-l KEY=VALUE...]SERVICE [COMMAND] [ARGS...]Options:-d, --detach          Detached mode: Run container in the background, printnew container name.--name NAME           Assign a name to the container--entrypoint CMD      Override the entrypoint of the image.-e KEY=VAL            Set an environment variable (can be used multiple times)-l, --label KEY=VAL   Add or override a label (can be used multiple times)-u, --user=""         Run as specified username or uid--no-deps             Don't start linked services.--rm                  Remove container after run. Ignored in detached mode.-p, --publish=[]      Publish a container's port(s) to the host--service-ports       Run command with the service's ports enabled and mappedto the host.--use-aliases         Use the service's network aliases in the network(s) thecontainer connects to.-v, --volume=[]       Bind mount a volume (default [])-T                    Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose run`allocates a TTY.-w, --workdir=""      Working directory inside the container

使用如下：

$ docker-compose run web1
... ...

docker-compose scale

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose scale -h
Set number of containers to run for a service.Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.
For example:$ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flag
instead.Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]Options:-t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

使用如下：

$ cat docker-compose.yml
version: '2'services:web:image: nginxlb:image: dockercloud/haproxylinks:- webports:- 8080:80volumes:- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock$ docker-compose up --scale web=2

docker-compose pause

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose pause -h
Pause services.Usage: pause [SERVICE...]

使用如下：

$ docker-compose pause
Pausing nginx1 ... done
Pausing nginx2 ... done

docker-compose kill

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose kill -h
Force stop service containers.Usage: kill [options] [SERVICE...]Options:-s SIGNAL         SIGNAL to send to the container.Default signal is SIGKILL.

使用如下：

$ docker-compose kill
Killing nginx1 ... done
Killing nginx2 ... done

docker-compose config

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose config -h
Validate and view the Compose file.Usage: config [options]Options:--resolve-image-digests  Pin image tags to digests.--no-interpolate         Don't interpolate environment variables-q, --quiet              Only validate the configuration, don't printanything.--services               Print the service names, one per line.--volumes                Print the volume names, one per line.--hash="*"               Print the service config hash, one per line.Set "service1,service2" for a list of specified servicesor use the wildcard symbol to display all services

使用如下：

$ docker-compose config
networks:ng:driver: bridge
services:web1:container_name: nginx1image: nginxnetworks:ng: nullports:- 6061:80/tcpweb2:container_name: nginx2image: nginxnetworks:ng: nullports:- 6062:80/tcp
version: '2.0'

docker-compose create

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose create -h
Creates containers for a service.
This command is deprecated. Use the `up` command with `--no-start` instead.Usage: create [options] [SERVICE...]Options:--force-recreate       Recreate containers even if their configuration andimage haven't changed. Incompatible with --no-recreate.--no-recreate          If containers already exist, don't recreate them.Incompatible with --force-recreate.--no-build             Don't build an image, even if it's missing.--build                Build images before creating containers.

docker-compose exec

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose exec -h
Execute a command in a running containerUsage: exec [options] [-e KEY=VAL...] SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]Options:-d, --detach      Detached mode: Run command in the background.--privileged      Give extended privileges to the process.-u, --user USER   Run the command as this user.-T                Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose exec`allocates a TTY.--index=index     index of the container if there are multipleinstances of a service [default: 1]-e, --env KEY=VAL Set environment variables (can be used multiple times,not supported in API < 1.25)-w, --workdir DIR Path to workdir directory for this command.

使用如下：

$ docker-compose exec web1 bash
root@edf71f8788f4:/#

docker-compose port

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose port -h
Print the public port for a port binding.Usage: port [options] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORTOptions:--protocol=proto  tcp or udp [default: tcp]--index=index     index of the container if there are multipleinstances of a service [default: 1]

使用如下：

$ docker-compose port web1 80
0.0.0.0:6061

docker-compose push

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose push -h
Pushes images for services.Usage: push [options] [SERVICE...]Options:--ignore-push-failures  Push what it can and ignores images with push failures.

docker-compose uppause

命令格式如下：

$ docker-compose unpause -h
Unpause services.Usage: unpause [SERVICE...]

使用如下：

$ docker-compose unpause
Unpausing nginx2 ... done
Unpausing nginx1 ... done

遇到的问题

错误：docker.credentials.errors.InitializationError: docker-credential-desktop.exe not installed or not available in PATH

执行如下命令即可：

$ rm ~/.docker/config.json

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Docker Compose的安装与使用

Docker-compose简介

Docker-compose的安装

简单使用

Docker-compose常用命令

Docker-compose命令格式

docker-compose up

docker-compose ps

docker-compose stop

docker-compose down

docker-compose logs

docker-compose bulid

docker-compose pull

docker-compose restart

docker-compose rm

docker-compose start

docker-compose run

docker-compose scale

docker-compose pause

docker-compose kill

docker-compose config

docker-compose create

docker-compose exec

docker-compose port

docker-compose push

docker-compose uppause

遇到的问题

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