Spring Security快速上手

Spring Security介绍

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。

由于它是Spring生态系统中的一员，因此它伴随着整个Spring生态系统不断修正、升级，

在spring boot项目中加入spring security更是十分简单，

使用Spring Security 减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

创建工程

创建maven工程
创建maven工程 security-spring-security，工程结构如下：

Spring容器配置

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;@Configuration //相当于applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc",excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {//在此配置除了Controller的其它bean，比如：数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。}

Servlet Context配置

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;@Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc",includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {//视图解析器@Beanpublic InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");return viewResolver;}@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");}}

加载 Spring容器

在init包下定义Spring容器初始化类SpringApplicationInitializer，

此类实现WebApplicationInitializer接口，
Spring容器启动时加载WebApplicationInitializer接口的所有实现类。

package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {//spring容器，相当于加载 applicationContext.xml@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};}//servletContext，相当于加载springmvc.xml@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};}//url-mapping@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {return new String[]{"/"};}
}

认证 —— 认证页面
springSecurity默认提供认证页面，不需要额外开发

安全配置

spring security提供了用户名密码登录、退出、会话管理等认证功能，只需要配置即可使用。
1) 在config包下定义WebSecurityConfig，安全配置的内容包括：用户信息、密码编码器、安全拦截机制

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {//定义用户信息服务（查询用户信息）@Beanpublic UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());return manager;}//密码编码器@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();}//安全拦截机制（最重要）@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**，其它的请求可以访问.and().formLogin()//允许表单登录.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址}
}

在userDetailsService()方法中，

返回了一个UserDetailsService类型的对象给spring容器，

Spring Security会使用它来获取用户信息。

暂时使用 InMemoryUserDetailsManager实现类，

并在其中分别创建了zhangsan、lisi两个用户，并设置密码和权限。

而在configure()中，我们通过HttpSecurity设置了安全拦截规则，其中包含了以下内容：
（1）url匹配/r/**的资源，经过认证后才能访问。
（2）其他url完全开放。
（3）支持form表单认证，认证成功后转向/login-success。

2) 加载 WebSecurityConfig
修改SpringApplicationInitializer的getRootConfigClasses()方法，添加WebSecurityConfig.class：

//spring容器，相当于加载 applicationContext.xml@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};}

Spring Security初始化

Spring Security初始化，这里有两种情况
1. 若当前环境没有使用Spring或Spring MVC，

则需要将 WebSecurityConfig(Spring Security配置类) 传入超类，以确保获取配置，并创建spring context。

在init包下定义SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer：

package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializerextends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {super(WebSecurityConfig.class);}
}

2. 若当前环境已经使用spring，

我们应该在现有的springContext中注册Spring Security(上一步已经做将WebSecurityConfig加载至rootcontext)，此方法可以什么都不做。

package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializerextends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {//super(WebSecurityConfig.class);}
}

默认根路径请求

在WebConfig.java中添加默认请求根路径跳转到/login，此url为spring security提供：

@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");}

spring security默认提供的登录页面。

认证成功页面

在安全配置中，认证成功将跳转到/login-success，代码如下：

//安全拦截机制（最重要）@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**，其它的请求可以访问.and().formLogin()//允许表单登录.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址}

spring security支持form表单认证，认证成功后转向/login-success。
在LoginController中定义/login-success:

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login-success",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String loginSuccess(){return " 登录成功";}

测试
（1）启动项目，访问 http://localhost:8080/security-spring-security/ 路径地址

页面会根据WebConfig中addViewControllers配置规则，跳转至/login，/login是pring Security提供的登录页面。
（2）登录
1、输入错误的用户名、密码

2、输入正确的用户名、密码，登录成功

（3）退出
1、请求/logout退出

2、退出后再访问资源自动跳转到登录页面

授权

实现授权需要对用户的访问进行拦截校验，校验用户的权限是否可以操作指定的资源，

Spring Security默认提供授权实现方法。
在LoginController添加/r/r1或/r/r2

    /*** 测试资源1* @return*/@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String r1(){return " 访问资源1";}/*** 测试资源2* @return*/@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String r2(){return " 访问资源2";}

在安全配置类WebSecurityConfig.java中配置授权规则：

测试：

1、登录成功
2、访问/r/r1和/r/r2，有权限时则正常访问，否则返回403（拒绝访问）

ApplicationConfig.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;@Configuration //相当于applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc",excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {//在此配置除了Controller的其它bean，比如：数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。}

WebConfig.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;@Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc",includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {//视图解析器@Beanpublic InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");return viewResolver;}@Overridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");}}

WebSecurityConfig.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {//定义用户信息服务（查询用户信息）@Beanpublic UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());return manager;}//密码编码器@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();}//安全拦截机制（最重要）@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**，其它的请求可以访问.and().formLogin()//允许表单登录.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址}
}

SpringApplicationInitializer.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {//spring容器，相当于加载 applicationContext.xml@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};}//servletContext，相当于加载springmvc.xml@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};}//url-mapping@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {return new String[]{"/"};}
}

SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializerextends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {//super(WebSecurityConfig.class);}
}

LoginController.java

package com.dym.security.springmvc.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class LoginController {@RequestMapping(value = "/login-success",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String loginSuccess(){return " 登录成功";}/*** 测试资源1* @return*/@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String r1(){return " 访问资源1";}/*** 测试资源2* @return*/@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})public String r2(){return " 访问资源2";}
}