Life in a post-modern society consists of moving in anonymous spaces where there is a yearning for attachment. Multimedia franchises, such as Pokémon, recognize the gaps, providing fans an avenue of expression via co-opting cultural strands, such as folklore. The audience is able to have a close, personal relationship with the Pokémon franchise because of its nature as a supersystem, a social network. Supplementing this is a process of “borrowing and reinvention of a Japanese cultural past (gift exchange, supernatural spirits, otherworldly aestheticism)”.

在后现代社会 大号 IFE在于匿名空间，其中有用于连接的向往移动。 诸如Pokémon之类的多媒体特许经营商意识到了差距，通过选择民俗等文化资源为粉丝提供了表达的途径。 由于其作为超级系统，社交网络的性质，观众能够与《 Pokémon》系列保持亲密的个人关系。 对此进行补充的过程是“借用和重塑日本文化的过去(礼物交换，超自然的精神，超凡脱俗的审美观)”。

边界消失 (Borders Disappear)

In Shintoism, spiritual beings called kami inhabit the world, rewarding human beings with success when they are treated well, which also links with the overall premise of Pokémon. The Pokémon experience blurs the boundaries between electronic, human, and imaginary, to create a distinct form of companionship. This is not a passive experience though — it encourages the consumer to trade, discuss, and catalog.

在神道教中，被称为神的灵性生物居住在世界上，只要受到良好的对待就奖励人类成功，这也与神奇宝贝的整体前提有关。 神奇宝贝的经历模糊了电子，人类和虚构之间的界限，创造了一种独特的陪伴形式。 但是，这并不是被动的体验，而是鼓励消费者进行交易，讨论和编目。

Kami that are not sufficiently worshipped, and who become displeased, can turn into yōkai — sinister monsters of Japanese folklore. The flavor text of Pokédex entries often impart dire warnings, much like a folkloric text embedded with moral lessons. Hence, as Foster describes:

卡米未充分崇拜，谁成为不高兴，可以变成妖怪 -日本民间传说的险恶怪物。 Pokédex条目的风味文字经常发出可怕的警告，就像嵌入道德课程的民俗文字一样。 因此，正如Foster所述：

Applying real-world signifying practices to things as elusive as yokai, we create an authentic, authorised systems in which they can reside: a doppelganger universe, fully rendered and complete but somehow separate from our own.

我们将现实世界中的指示性实践应用于诸如yokai之类的难以捉摸的事物，我们创建了一个真实的，经过授权的系统，可以将其驻留在其中：一个完全渲染且完整但与我们自己有所不同的doppelganger宇宙。

How the Pokédex categorizes Pokémon is reminiscent of how yōkai were classified according to the hakubutsugaku style, wherein creatures are categorized in the manner of a field study. In the Pokémon universe, the more terrifying visual elements of the yōkai were rewritten with signifiers of kawaii, creating more approachable companions. Pronounced cuteness is an effective way to elicit sympathy from consumers, with these blends of characteristics allowing Pokémon to be both friends and fictional commodities.

神奇宝贝的分类方法神奇宝贝的分类方式让人想起根据妖法学派的样式对yōkai进行分类的方式，其中以实地研究的方式对生物进行了分类。 在《 Pokémon》宇宙中，用kawaii的符号重写了yōkai更为恐怖的视觉元素，从而创造了更多平易近人的同伴。 明显的可爱是一种引起消费者同情的有效方法，这些特性的融合使神奇宝贝既可以成为朋友，也可以成为虚构的商品。

积极的过程 (An Active Process)

Franchises such as Pokémon seek to forge durable emotive ties between people and products, whilst being cognizant of the dislocation in modern lives. Information is an integral component of the games, as more knowledge allows a trainer to filter the correct choices for every encounter, similar to how cautionary tales could inoculate one against the dangers certain folkloric monsters could pose.

神奇宝贝(Pokémon)等特许经营商寻求在人与产品之间建立持久的情感联系，同时意识到现代生活中的错位。 信息是游戏不可或缺的组成部分，因为更多的知识使培训师可以为每次遭遇筛选正确的选择，类似于警告性故事如何使人们避免某些民俗怪物可能构成的危险。

Pokémon facilitates participation, allowing unique experiences for each consumer, much like the performative aspects of folklore, such as storytelling, where choices make an immediate impact. In the digital medium of the games, there is a repackaging of folklore to create a new identity. We can see this paradigmatic approach in the franchise’s mascot — Pikachu.

神奇宝贝促进参与，为每个消费者提供独特的体验，就像民俗的表演方面，例如讲故事，在这些方面选择会立即产生影响。 在游戏的数字媒体中，对民间传说进行了重新包装以创建新的身份。 我们可以在专营权的吉祥物-皮卡丘(Pikachu)中看到这种范例方法。

雷兽 (Thunder Beast)

Pikachu, like many of its fellow creatures, doesn’t resemble a conventional animal; being loosened from realism, it can appear familiar yet strange. The yōkai inspiration for Pikachu and Raichu was the Raijū, which can transform into a ball of lightning.

皮卡丘像它的许多其他生物一样，并不像常规动物。 从现实主义中解脱出来，它看起来可能很熟悉却很奇怪。 皮卡丘和Raichu的yōkai灵感来自Raijū，它可以变成闪电球。

The Raijū comes in a variety of body types, from squirrel/weasel-like creatures to larger cat/dog variants. Lightning and thunder was a mysterious occurrence during the pre-modern period, and by attributing lightning strikes to Raijū, the Japanese could label something, removing some fear.

Raijū的身型多种多样，从松鼠/鼬鼠般的生物到大型猫/狗变种。 在前现代时期，闪电和雷声是一个神秘的事件，通过将雷击归因于Raijū，日本人可以标记一些东西，消除一些恐惧。

两只嘴 (Two Mouths)

Mawile is a Fairy/Steel Pokémon with a massive jaw attached to the back of its head, introduced in Ruby & Sapphire, in Gen III. The Pokédex entry for Mawile in Pokémon Ultra Moon states:

Mawile是妖精/钢宝可梦，头部后部附有巨大的下颌，在第三代的Ruby＆Sapphire中引入。 《 神奇宝贝Ultra Moon》中 Mawile的Pokédex条目指出：

It has two mouths. The big jaws on the back of its head can’t taste anything, so that’s the mouth it uses to eat foods it doesn’t like.

它有两个嘴。 头后部的大颚无法品尝到任何东西，所以这就是它用来吃自己不喜欢的食物的嘴巴。

The design for this Pokémon drew inspiration from Futakuchi-onna, the so-called “Two-Mouthed Woman”. This yōkai looks like a human female, but it has a second mouth at the back of its head, usually hidden by prehensile, serpentine hair. The secondary maw is sentient, often mumbling to itself, and speaking the truth, regardless of the situation. A Futakuchi-onna is said to have once been a cursed human, often resulting from wrongdoing they did in their lives, so the ravenous mouth appears as a punishment.

这款神奇宝贝的设计汲取了所谓的“双嘴女人”二重奏的灵感。 这种yōkai看上去像是人类的女性，但头后部有第二个嘴，通常被有力的蛇形头发所掩盖。 次级花胶有感觉，经常喃喃自语，不管情况如何，都讲真话。 据说一个双口女曾经是一个被诅咒的人，通常是由于他们一生中的不当行为造成的，所以贪婪的嘴巴似乎是一种惩罚。

狐狸精神 (Fox Spirit)

The Kitsune (fox) is one of the most recognizable yōkai and the clearest transferral into a Pokémon version, in the form of Vulpix and Ninetales. Kitsune are regarded as magical entities, able to live for centuries, during which these foxes obtain tails signifying their power. The nine-tailed Kitsune, the kyūbi no kitsune, is the most ancient and powerful, hence the reason for Vulpix’s final evolution to sport nine tails. The Ninetails in the Pokémon universe is also an intelligent and powerful being, with a lengthy lifespan, just like its folkloric counterpart.

的狐狸(FOX)是最知名的妖怪和最清晰的transferral成宝贝版本之一，在形式六尾和九尾 。 狐狸被认为是能够生活数个世纪的魔法实体，在此期间，这些狐狸会获得尾巴，以示其力量。 九尾狐狸(kyūbino kitsune )是最古老，最强大的，因此Vulpix最终进化为拥有九条尾巴的原因。 神奇宝贝宇宙中的九尾也是一个聪明而强大的生物，寿命长，就像它的民间传说一样。

In the 23rd episode of the fifth season of the Pokémon animated series, there is an even more direct reference to the folklore of the Kitsune. The episode details how an ancient Ninetales projects the form of a girl to charm one of the principal characters, Brock, similar to how Kitsune often took the shape of human women to seduce men. Kitsune seduction tales have been part of Japanese literature since at least the 9th century CE, when one such tale in a setsuwa was collected in “Miraculous Stories”.

在《 神奇宝贝》动画系列第五季的第23集中，甚至更直接地提到了Kitsune的民俗。 这一集详细介绍了古代的《童话故事》如何投射女孩的形象来吸引主角之一布罗克(Brock)，类似于Kitsune经常以人类女性的形式勾引男人的方式。 至少从公元9世纪起，Kitsune的诱人故事就成为日本文学的一部分，当时在setsuwa中的一个这样的故事被收录在“ Miraculous Stories”中。

结论 (Conclusion)

Within groups, folklore can create a kind of communal fantasy, serving as an emotional outlet. Individuals can also connect with it on a personal basis. Pokémon is a form of cultural production, influenced by a folkloric ethos, but also very much a new socio-technological construct. Pokémon’s holistic nature has made it easy to transfer to different audiences, as well as to various platforms, without losing too much of the creator’s intent.

在群体内部，民间传说可以创造一种公共幻想，成为一种情感输出。 个人也可以个人联系。 神奇宝贝是一种文化生产形式，受民俗风俗的影响，但在很大程度上也是一种新的社会技术结构。 神奇宝贝的整体性使其可以轻松转移到不同的受众以及各种平台，而不会失去创作者的太多意图。

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