《spring实战第四版》的读书笔记
《spring实战第四版》的读书笔记
1 概述
《Spring实战第四版》描述了Spring4架构的设计,看完了以后,最大感觉是Spring的IOC与aop理念实在是太强大了,而且用注解来简化系统配置的想法也非常棒,整个架构简直就是MVC的典范
2 Spring之旅
2.1 Intellij IDEA
下载Intellij的15版本,然后将授权地址填写为http://idea.iteblog.com/key.php
建立一个Spring项目
按图建立对应的文件
配置启动参数
建立Application的启动项
将入口Class指向到KnightMain
2.2 IOC
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package com.fishedee.knights;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public interface Knight {void embarkOnQuest(); }
建立Kngiht接口
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package com.fishedee.knights;import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class BraveKnight implements Knight{private Quest quest;public BraveKnight(Quest quest){this.quest = quest;}public void embarkOnQuest(){quest.embark();} }
建立BraveKnight类
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package com.fishedee.knights;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public interface Quest {public void embark(); }
建立Quest接口
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package com.fishedee.knights;import java.io.PrintStream; import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class SlayDragonQuest implements Quest{public PrintStream stream;public SlayDragonQuest(PrintStream stream){this.stream = stream;}public void embark(){stream.println("Embarking on quest to slay the dragon!");} }
建立SlayDragonQuest
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class KnightMain {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("knights.xml");Knight knight = context.getBean(Knight.class);knight.embarkOnQuest();context.close();} }
建立KnightMain
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><bean id="quest" class="com.fishedee.knights.SlayDragonQuest"><constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}"/></bean><bean id="knight" class="com.fishedee.knights.BraveKnight"><constructor-arg ref="quest"/></bean> </beans>
建立kngihts.xml的配置文件
运行程序后就能看到Embarking onquest的输出了
在这个程序中可以看到Spring关于ioc的重要特点
- 依赖的对象不直接引用,而是只引用接口
- 对象的创建与注入由Spring来决定,Spring可以根据xml配置来创建对象
这样的ioc就有很特别的能力了
- 依赖解耦,依赖对象只要满足接口就能自由替换,不影响使用方的代码
- 依赖封装,Spring可以在注入对象时,对对象执行变形,例如封装远程调用,mock打桩,进行日志输出等操作
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.junit.Test; import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; import static org.junit.Assert.*;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class BraveKnightTest {@Testpublic void testEmbarkOnQuest() throws Exception {Quest mockQuest = mock(Quest.class);BraveKnight knight = new BraveKnight(mockQuest);knight.embarkOnQuest();verify(mockQuest,times(1)).embark();} }
例如,BraveKnight依赖的Quest对象,由于BraveKnight依赖的是接口,不是具体实现,我们就能对Quest进行很容易的mock,从而简单地单元测试
2.3 AOP
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package com.fishedee.knights;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ public class Minstrel {private PrintStream stream;public Minstrel(PrintStream stream){this.stream = stream;}public void singBeforeQuest(){stream.println("Fa la la");}public void singAfterQuest(){stream.println("Tea bee bee");} }
建立Minstrel类
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd"><bean id="quest" class="com.fishedee.knights.SlayDragonQuest"><constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}"/></bean><bean id="knight" class="com.fishedee.knights.BraveKnight"><constructor-arg ref="quest"/></bean><bean id="minstrel" class="com.fishedee.knights.Minstrel"><constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}"/></bean><aop:config><aop:aspect ref="minstrel"><aop:pointcut id="embark"expression="execution(* *.embarkOnQuest(..))"/><aop:before pointcut-ref="embark"method="singBeforeQuest"/><aop:after pointcut-ref="embark"method="singAfterQuest"/></aop:aspect></aop:config> </beans>
启动后看到Embark前后执行对对应的输出
修改配置文件,将Minstrel声明为切面,当调用embarkOnQuest方法时会自动回调Minstrel的方法
就这样,Spring在不修改Knight与Quest的代码下,就能在其方法执行前后插入自己想要的代码,这让我们能达成简单的cache,日志,事务等切面式的实现了
3 基础ioc
Spring中提供三种装配bean的方法
- 在xml中进行显式配置
- 在Java中进行显式配置
- 隐式的bean发现机制和自动装配
3.1 在xml中装配
第2章已经写过,就不多说了
3.2 在java中装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration public class Config {@Beanpublic Quest quest(){return new SlayDragonQuest();}@Beanpublic Knight knight(Quest quest){return new BraveKnight(quest);} }
代替xml,使用Java文件来做配置,要注意用Configuration声明配置文件,生成bean的方法都用Bean注解
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class KnightMain {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);Knight knight = context.getBean(Knight.class);knight.embarkOnQuest();context.close();} }
启动ApplicationContext改用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext即可
使用Java装配的好处是,强类型,支持丰富的java语法特性
3.3 自动装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.PrintStream; import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component public class SlayDragonQuest implements Quest{public PrintStream stream;public SlayDragonQuest(){this.stream = System.out;}public void embark(){stream.println("Embarking on quest to slay the dragon!");} }
将SlayDragonQuest声明为bean,加入@Component即可
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component public class BraveKnight implements Knight{private Quest quest;public BraveKnight(Quest quest){this.quest = quest;}public void embarkOnQuest(){quest.embark();} }
将BraveKnight声明为bean,同时Quest出现在构造参数上,这个Quest类型会被自动装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component public class BraveKnight implements Knight{@Autowiredprivate Quest quest;public BraveKnight(){}public void embarkOnQuest(){quest.embark();} }
或者可以将Quest写上Autowired注解,这个私有变量也会被自动装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; import static org.junit.Assert.*;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class) public class BraveKnightTest {@AutowiredBraveKnight knight;@Testpublic void testEmbarkOnQuest() throws Exception {knight.embarkOnQuest();} }
自动装配也支持单元测试,注意测试文件中指定Config
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"><context:component-scan base-package="com.fishedee.knights"/><aop:config><aop:aspect ref="minstrel"><aop:pointcut id="embark"expression="execution(* *.embarkOnQuest(..))"/><aop:before pointcut-ref="embark"method="singBeforeQuest"/><aop:after pointcut-ref="embark"method="singAfterQuest"/></aop:aspect></aop:config> </beans>
在xml配置文件中加入component-scan,并指定包名即可
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @ComponentScan public class Config { }
或在Java配置中,加入ComponentScan注解即可,非常简单
自动装配能大幅度减少需要配置的bean,所以使用中一般是自动装配为主,Java装配为辅的方式
3.4 混合配置
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @ComponentScan @Import(Config2.class) @ImportResource("knights.xml") public class Config { }
Java配置中引入其他Java配置,或者引入其他xml配置的方法
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"><import resource="knights2.xml"/> </beans>
xml配置中引入其他xml配置的方式,注意,不能用xml引入Java配置
4 高级ioc
4.1 环境装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @ComponentScan public class Config {@Bean@Profile("dev")public PrintStream printStream(){return System.out;}@Bean@Profile("prod")public PrintStream printStream2()throws Exception{return new PrintStream("fish.out");} }
可以在Config上加入Profile注解,用来表明这个bean配置是在哪个环境上使用的,当然也可以将Profile注解放到Config上,表明这个Config都是Profile指定的
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ public class KnightMain {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("prod");context.register(Config.class);context.refresh();//ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("knights.xml");Knight knight = context.getBean(Knight.class);knight.embarkOnQuest();context.close();} }
启动时可以根据context来指定profile
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; import static org.junit.Assert.*;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class) @ActiveProfiles("dev") public class BraveKnightTest {@AutowiredBraveKnight knight;@Testpublic void testEmbarkOnQuest() throws Exception {knight.embarkOnQuest();} }
单元测试中可以根据ActiveProfiles注解来指定环境
4.2 条件装配
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @ComponentScan public class Config {@Bean@Conditional(ConfigCondition.class)public PrintStream printStream(){return System.out;}@Bean@Profile("prod")public PrintStream printStream2()throws Exception{return new PrintStream("fish.out");} }
指定printStream生成condition为ConfigCondition.class
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext; import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;/*** Created by fishedee on 27/11/2016.*/ public class ConfigCondition implements Condition{public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata){String[] profiles = context.getEnvironment().getActiveProfiles();for( String single : profiles ){if( single.equals("fish")){return true;}}return false;} }
而ConfigCondition则是检查profile是否为fish
所以,条件装配是比环境装配更为强大而动态的方式而已。
4.3 指定装配
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No qualifying bean of type 'com.fishedee.knights.Quest' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: slayDragonQuest,slayHumanQuest
如果我有两个Quest都满足Quest接口时,Spring就会弹出错误,说有歧义,slayDragonQuest和slayHumanQuest
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.PrintStream; import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component @Primary public class SlayDragonQuest implements Quest{public PrintStream stream;public SlayDragonQuest(PrintStream stream){this.stream = stream;}public void embark(){stream.println("Embarking on quest to slay the dragon!");} }
解决办法一,给SlayDragonQuest给予Primary优先级,默认选择它
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component public class BraveKnight implements Knight{@Autowired@Qualifier("slayDragonQuest")private Quest quest;public BraveKnight(){}public void embarkOnQuest(){quest.embark();} }
解决办法二,让Knight指定哪个Quest,用Qualifier注解
4.4 作用域
Spring创建的bean,有以下几种作用域
- 单例(Singleton),整个应用只有一个bean实例
- 原型(Prototype),每次都创建一个bean实例
- 会话(Session),在Web中,每个会话创建一个bean实例
- 请求(Request),在Web中,每个请求创建一个bean实例
默认情况下,所有的bean都是单例会话域
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ScopedProxyMode; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Queue;/*** Created by fishedee on 24/11/2016.*/ @Component @Scope(value=ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE,proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES ) public class BraveKnight implements Knight{@Autowired@Qualifier("slayDragonQuest")private Quest quest;public BraveKnight(){}public void embarkOnQuest(){quest.embark();} }
在bean中使用Scope注解就可以了,注意多例插入到单例对象中,需要用INTERFACES的proxy
5 aop
5.1 基础切面
在Spring中,切面有以下的几种
- After,在目标方法返回或抛出异常后调用
- AfterReturning,在目标方法返回后调用
- AfterThrowing,在目标方法抛出异常后调用
- Before,在目标方法调用之前调用
- Around,将目标方法封装起来
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Component @Aspect public class Minstrel {private PrintStream stream;public Minstrel(){stream = System.out;}@Pointcut("execution(* *.embarkOnQuest(..))")public void quest(){}@Before("quest()")public void singBeforeQuest(){stream.println("Fa la la");}@After("quest()")public void singAfterQuest(){stream.println("Tea bee bee");} }
将Minstrel方法用Aspect注解圈起来,然后在触发方法上,加入Pointcut,Before,After等触发类型即可
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy @ComponentScan public class Config {@Beanpublic PrintStream printStream(){return System.out;} }
配置上开启EnableAspectJAutoProxy注解
5.2 切面参数
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package com.fishedee.knights;import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.PrintStream;/*** Created by fishedee on 26/11/2016.*/ @Component @Aspect public class Minstrel {private PrintStream stream;public Minstrel(){stream = System.out;}@Pointcut("execution(* *.embark(int)) && args(embarkPower)")public void quest(int embarkPower){}@Around("quest(embarkPower2)")public void aroundQuest(ProceedingJoinPoint jp,int embarkPower2)throws Throwable{try {stream.println("Fa la la");stream.println("Power "+embarkPower2);jp.proceed();}finally{stream.println("Tea bee bee");}} }
在Pointcut中指定包含参数的函数类型,以及args指定参数名称,然后在Around上也指定接收参数即可。注意,在Around上要调用原函数。
6 基础MVC
6.1 Intellij IDEA
创建一个勾选了MVC选项的Spring项目
建立以上的文件和文件夹
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"version="3.1"> </web-app>
web.xml为空
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<%--Created by IntelliJ IDEA.User: fishedeeDate: 28/11/2016Time: 9:11 PMTo change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html><head><title>Spring MVC</title></head><body>Hello World</body> </html>
home.jsp为简单的jsp文件
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ public class WebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings(){System.out.println("uu");return new String[]{"/"};}@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses(){return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class};}@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses(){return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class};} }
WebAppInitializer为入口的serlet文件,getRootConfigClasses指向通用bean的配置文件,getServletConfigClasses指向mvc使用的bean的配置文件
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc public class RootConfig {}
RootConfig基本为空
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Beanpublic ViewResolver viewResolver(){InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);return resolver;}@Overridepublic void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer){configurer.enable();} }
WebConfig配置了视图解析器,还有默认的路由处理
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){return "home";} }
HomeController的代码
增加tomcat的启动选项
让server指向到tomcat的安装目录就可以了,注意tomcat必须是7以上的版本
项目依赖中加入tomcat安装目录中lib文件的servlet-api.jar文件
打包选项中将Spring依赖都打包进去就可以了
最后,就是启动服务器了,这时,你应该看到Hello World的输出了
6.2 控制器
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/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){return "home";} }
简单的controller,返回值是视图的名称
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.ui.Model;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(Model model){model.addAttribute("text","Hello Fish");return "home";} }
新增Model参数,将视图的数据写入到Model中
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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html><head><title>Spring MVC</title></head><body><c:out value="${text}"/></body> </html>
home.jsp加入taglib,用c:out标签输出text参数
加入jstl与taglibs两个库
启动后就能看到带参数的视图了
6.3 输入
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(@RequestParam("page") int page,@RequestParam(value="page2",defaultValue = "mmc") String page2,Model model){model.addAttribute("text","Hello Fish "+ page+","+page2);return "home";} }
控制器中处理Query的参数,用RequestParam就可以了
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/{spittleId}",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(@PathVariable("spittleId") int spittleId,Model model){model.addAttribute("text","Hello Fish "+ spittleId);return "home";} }
控制器中处理Path的参数,用PathVariable就可以了
6.4 表单
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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html><head><title>Spring MVC</title></head><body><form method="post">FirstName: <input type="text" name="firstName"/><br/>LastName: <input type="text" name="lastName"/><br/><input type="submit" value="提交"/></form></body> </html>
提交的表单
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){return "home";}@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.POST)public String submit(User user){System.out.println(user.getFirstName()+","+user.getLastName());return "home";} }
添加控制器,将表单参数写入到来自一个实体对象
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/*** Created by fishedee on 15/12/2016.*/ public class User {private String firstName;public void setFirstName(String firstName) {this.firstName = firstName;}public String getFirstName() {return firstName;}private String lastName;public void setLastName(String lastName) {this.lastName = lastName;}public String getLastName() {return lastName;}}
建立User对象即可
6.5 异常
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){throw new MyException();//return "home";}}
在Controller上抛出指定的异常
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;/*** Created by fishedee on 15/12/2016.*/ @ResponseStatus(value= HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND,reason = "找不到呀") public class MyException extends RuntimeException {}
如果异常上有ResponseStatus的标志,那么mvc的返回码就会按照注解上的显示
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){throw new RuntimeException("mm");//return "home";}@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public String handleException(Model model){model.addAttribute("text","这里是异常呀");return "home";} }
通过在Controller类方法上增加ExceptionHandler来捕捉通用异常,并用特定的view来渲染错误
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@ControllerAdvice public class MyHandler {@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public String handleException(Model model){model.addAttribute("text","这里是异常呀2");return "home";} }
新增ControllerAdvice捕捉所有Controller的异常
7 MVC的View
7.1 通用视图解析器
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.web.servlet.View; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Map;/*** Created by fishedee on 15/12/2016.*/ public class MyViewResolver implements ViewResolver{@Overridepublic View resolveViewName(String var1, Locale var2) throws Exception{return new MyView();} }class MyView implements View{@Overridepublic String getContentType(){return "text/html;charset=utf-8";}@Overridepublic void render(Map<String,?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();String data = "<!doctype><html><head></head><body>jj</body></html>";response.addHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");outputStream.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));} }
定义属于自己的ViewResolver,相当的简单
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/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Beanpublic ViewResolver viewResolver(){return new MyViewResolver();}@Overridepublic void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer){configurer.enable();} }
然后在WebConfig中将ViewResolver指向到自己的MyViewResolver即可
7.2 Thymeleaf解析器
加入thymeleaf的依赖
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine; import org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver; import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver; import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.TemplateResolver;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {@Beanpublic ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine engine){ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(engine);return viewResolver;}@Beanpublic SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(TemplateResolver resolver){SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(resolver);return templateEngine;}@Beanpublic TemplateResolver templateResolver(){TemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver();templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");templateResolver.setTemplateMode("HTML5");return templateResolver;}@Overridepublic void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer){configurer.enable();} }
将ViewResolver指向ThymeleafViewResolver
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<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><title>Title</title> </head> <body><h1>Welcome!</h1><div th:text="${text}"></div> </body> </html>
建立一个Thymeleaf的模板,呃,明显比用标签变量的jsp要顺眼多了
8 MVC的安全
8.1 基础
引入security-web与security-config两个依赖
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;/*** Created by fishedee on 15/12/2016.*/ public class SecurityAppInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer{ }
建立AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer类,其会增加Security的Filter
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package com.fishedee;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;/*** Created by fishedee on 15/12/2016.*/@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().denyAll();http.csrf().disable();} }
建立SecurityConfig,建立安全配置,默认为禁止所有的请求访问
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/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ public class WebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings(){System.out.println("uu");return new String[]{"/"};}@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses(){return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class,SecurityConfig.class};}@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses(){return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class};} }
在WebAppInitializer中将SecurityConfig.class加入到RootConfig中
这时候无论打开什么请求都会返回403返回了
8.2 身份认证
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@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{@Overrideprotected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)throws Exception{auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("fish").password("123").roles("USER","ADMIN").and().withUser("fish2").password("456").roles("USER");}@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().formLogin();http.csrf().disable();} }
配置为所有请求都必须登录后才能访问
这时候请求所有请求都会跳转到固定的/login页面,登录后自动跳转到原有的请求页面,注意,security指定的登出为/logout
8.3 获取用户
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@Controller public class HomeController {@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(Model model){model.addAttribute("text","My Name is Fish");UserDetails userDetails = (UserDetails) SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();System.out.println(userDetails);return "home";}}
在Controller层通过SecurityContextHolder.getContext获取当前用户的信息
9 数据库
9.1 数据源
引入mysql-connector-java的库
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/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc public class RootConfig {@Beanpublic DataSource dataSource(){DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");ds.setUsername("root");ds.setPassword("1");return ds;} }
RootConfig 中加入DataSource的配置,这里使用的是Spring的jdbc连接控制器
9.2 jdbc模板
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/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc public class RootConfig {@Beanpublic DataSource dataSource(){DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");ds.setUsername("root");ds.setPassword("1");return ds;}@Beanpublic JdbcOperations jdbcTemplate(DataSource ds){return new JdbcTemplate(ds);} }
RootConfig中加入jdbcTemplate
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@Repository public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{@Autowiredprivate JdbcOperations jdbcOperations;public List<User> findAll(){return jdbcOperations.query("select * from t_user", new RowMapper<User>() {@Overridepublic User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {return new User(resultSet.getInt("userId"),resultSet.getString("name"),resultSet.getString("email"));}});} }
在UserRepositoryImpl中使用jdbcOperations来获取数据,简单暴力
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/*** Created by fishedee on 16/12/2016.*/ public interface UserRepository {List<User> findAll(); }
简单的UserRepository接口
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package com.fishedee;/*** Created by fishedee on 16/12/2016.*/ public class User {public User(){}public User(int userId,String name,String mail){this.userId = userId;this.name = name;this.mail = mail;}private int userId;public int getUserId(){return this.userId;}public void setUserId(int userId){this.userId = userId;}private String name;public String getName(){return this.name;}public void setName(String name){this.name = name;}private String mail;public String getMail(){return this.mail;}public void setMail(String mail){this.mail = mail;}}
无聊的User类
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@Controller public class HomeController {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){List<User> users = userRepository.findAll();for( User user : users ){System.out.println(user.getName()+","+user.getMail());}return "home";}}
在HomeController中引入UserRepository,然后直接使用就可以了
10 缓存
10.1 缓存源
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@Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableCaching public class RootConfig {@Beanpublic CacheManager cacheManager(){return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager();}@Beanpublic DataSource dataSource(){DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");ds.setUsername("root");ds.setPassword("1");return ds;}@Beanpublic JdbcOperations jdbcTemplate(DataSource ds){return new JdbcTemplate(ds);} }
配置好CacheManager的bean,并且设置好EnableCaching的注解即可
10.2 方法注解
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@Repository public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{@Autowiredprivate JdbcOperations jdbcOperations;public List<User> findAll(){return jdbcOperations.query("select * from t_user", new RowMapper<User>() {@Overridepublic User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {return new User(resultSet.getInt("userId"),resultSet.getString("name"),resultSet.getString("email"));}});}@Cacheable(value="mycache",key="#id")public User get(int id){System.out.println("repository get");return jdbcOperations.queryForObject("select * from t_user where userId = ?", new RowMapper<User>() {@Overridepublic User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {return new User(resultSet.getInt("userId"),resultSet.getString("name"),resultSet.getString("email"));}},id);}@CacheEvict(key="#id",value="mycache")public void del(int id){System.out.println("repository del");jdbcOperations.update("delete from t_user where userId = ?",id);}@CachePut(key="#result.userId",value="mycache")public User add(final User user){System.out.println("repository add");KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();jdbcOperations.update(new PreparedStatementCreator(){public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection conn)throws SQLException {PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("insert into t_user(name,email)value(?,?)", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS) ;ps.setString(1,user.getName());ps.setString(2,user.getMail());return ps ;}},keyHolder);user.setUserId(keyHolder.getKey().intValue());return user;} }
UserRepositoryImpl在方法中加入Cacheable注解(方法调用缓存),CacheEvict注解(方法调用完毕后删除缓存),CachePut注解(方法调用完毕后增加缓存),注意缓存的key必须为同一个数据类型
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@Controller public class HomeController {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){System.out.println("begin");userRepository.get(1);userRepository.get(1);System.out.println("get finish");User newUser = userRepository.add(new User(0,"mm3","mm3@qq.com"));userRepository.get(newUser.getUserId());System.out.println("add finish");userRepository.del(1);userRepository.get(1);System.out.println("del finish");return "home";}}
在HomeController中测试缓存的使用
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begin repository get get finish repository add add finish repository del repository get
注意到了第二次get被缓存了,同时add以后也会走缓存了,而del以后也会强制走缓存了
11 消息
11.1 消息源
安装activemq,注意用bin/macos下的activemq来启动,能进入到管理员页面才算成功
引入activemq-spring的包,以及jackjson的三个包
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package com.fishedee;import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.jms.annotation.EnableJms; import org.springframework.jms.config.DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; import org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MappingJackson2MessageConverter; import org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MarshallingMessageConverter; import org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;/*** Created by fishedee on 29/11/2016.*/ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableJms @ComponentScan public class RootConfig {@Beanpublic ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setBrokerURL("tcp://localhost:61616");return connectionFactory;}@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter(){MappingJackson2MessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2MessageConverter();converter.setTypeIdPropertyName("_type");return converter;}@Beanpublic JmsTemplate jmsTemplate(ConnectionFactory factory,MessageConverter messageConverter){JmsTemplate template = new JmsTemplate();template.setConnectionFactory(factory);template.setMessageConverter(messageConverter);return template;}@Beanpublic DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory jmsListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory factory2,MessageConverter messageConverter) {DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory factory = new DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory();factory.setConnectionFactory(factory2);factory.setMessageConverter(messageConverter);factory.setConcurrency("1-1");return factory;} }
在RootConfig中配置ConnectionFactory,JmsTemplate和DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory,分别代表连接池,发送模板,接收池,最后,注意打开EnableJms注解,还有就是jackjson要配置TypeIdPropertyName
11.2 发布消息
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@Controller public class HomeController {@AutowiredJmsTemplate jmsTemplate;@RequestMapping(value="/",method= RequestMethod.GET)public String home(){jmsTemplate.convertAndSend("myqueue",new User(1001,"fish","fish2"));return "home";}}
直接用convertAndSend发送消息,简单暴力
11.3 接收消息
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@Component public class MessageReceiver {@JmsListener(destination = "myqueue")public void receiveMessage(final User user) {System.out.println(user);} }
使用JmsListener注解来接收消息,依然也是简单暴力
12 总结
Spring的IOP与AOP,配合Java中的注解,开发后台相当的轻松简单,唯一不爽的地方是
- 引入外部依赖库因为墙的缘故很慢
- 配置太过麻烦,每次都要调好久
- 与Servlet的耦合太紧密了,不能独自启动后台
总体来说,整个设计还是非常值得参考的
from: http://fishedee.com/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF/2016/11/22/Spring%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88-%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.html
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