在同一台机器上搭建物理备用数据库的步骤，linux环境 oracle 11.2.0.1 主库：orcl 备库：stby 1 检查侦听是否启动 2 配置主备数据库的初始化参数文件 sqlplus /as sysdba create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora' from spfile; cp /home/oracle/initprim.o

在同一台机器上搭建物理备用数据库的步骤，linux环境 oracle 11.2.0.1

主库：orcl

备库：stby

1 检查侦听是否启动

2 配置主备数据库的初始化参数文件

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora' from spfile;

cp /home/oracle/initprim.ora /home/oracle/initstby.ora

vi /home/oracle/initprim.ora

orcl.__db_cache_size=104857600

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248

orcl.__sga_target=268435456

orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0

orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336

orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752

*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.memory_target=422576128

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.fal_client='prim'

*.fal_server='stby'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=prim'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=stby valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stby'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prim

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'

编辑备库的参数文件

vi /home/oracle/initstby.ora

stby.__db_cache_size=104857600

stby.__java_pool_size=4194304

stby.__large_pool_size=4194304

stby.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

stby.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248

stby.__sga_target=268435456

stby.__shared_io_pool_size=0

stby.__shared_pool_size=142606336

stby.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/stby/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/stby/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='orcl' #

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752

*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stbyXDB)'

*.memory_target=622576128

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'

*.fal_client='stby'

*.fal_server='prim'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/stby valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=prim valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=prim'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='stby'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'

备份主库

rman target /

backup database format '/u01/oradata/dbfull%U';

创建备库控制文件

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

alter database create standby controlfile as '/oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl';

cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/stby/control01.ctl

cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl

处理备库

export ORACLE_SID=stby

orapwd file=/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstby password=oracle entries=5 ignorecase=y #一定要加ignorecase=y 要不然归档传不到备用库上

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

startup nomount

alter database mount;

rman target /

restore database;

重启主库

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

shutdown immediate

startup pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora'

配置tnsnames.ora(因为在同一台机器上，所以就改这一个文件)

orcl =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = orcl)

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

)

)

stby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = stby)

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

)

)

将备库置于接收归档日志状态

export ORACLE_SID=stby

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

过一会儿检查是否收到日志

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log; --查看归档日志序列号

alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

export ORACLE_SID=stby

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1; --查看归档日志序列号

主备库角色切换

角色切换

步骤1：验证主库能否进行角色切换，TO STANDBY表示可以进行

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------

TO STANDBY

步骤2：在主库上执行角色切换到从库角色

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;

步骤3：关闭并重新启动之前的主库实例

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT

步骤4：在备库的V$DATABASE视图中查看备库的切换状态

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------

TO_PRIMARY

步骤5：切换备库到主库角色

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

步骤6：完成备库到主库的切换

1. 如果备库没有以只读模式打开，直接执行以下语句打开到新的主库。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

2. 如果备库以只读模式打开，先关闭数据，然后再重新启动。

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP;

步骤7：如果有必要，重新启动一下新的备库上的重做日志应用服务

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

(注：可以通过select message from v$dataguard_status;查看当前备库应用重做日志的状态)

步骤8：开始发送重做数据到备库上

Issue the following statement on the new primary database:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

备注：

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;

如果有缺失的归档日志文件，手工考背后，在备库上：

ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';

FORCE 关键词终止目标物理备数据库上活动的RFS 进程，使得故障转移能不用等待网络连接超时而立即进行。

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE; ，

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