Linux查看硬盘信息方法总结归纳

lsblk

lsblk命令用来查看接入到系统中的块设备，默认输出分区、大小、挂载点等信息，一目了然：

tlanyan@node1:~$ lsblk

sda 8:0 0 558.9G 0 disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 488M 0 part

├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part

├─sda5 8:5 0 7.6G 0 part

└─sda6 8:6 0 550.8G 0 part /

sdb 8:16 0 558.9G 0 disk

├─sdb1 8:17 0 1K 0 part

└─sdb5 8:21 0 558.9G 0 part /journal

sdc 8:32 0 1.8T 0 disk /work

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 romdf

df命令用来查看硬盘的使用情况，经常配合-h给出友好的输出：

tlanyan@node1:~$ df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

udev 24G 0 24G 0% /dev

tmpfs 4.8G 2.1M 4.8G 1% /run

/dev/sda6 542G 148G 366G 29% /

tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock

tmpfs 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sdc 1.8T 1.2T 582G 67% /work

/dev/sdb5 551G 245G 278G 47% /journal

需要注意的是df只能输出已挂载的磁盘分区信息，不能显示未挂载的硬盘。

另一个相似的命令是du，用来显示占用的硬盘空间，例如统计当前目录下文件大小：du -sh *fdisk

fdisk是常用的硬盘、分区操作工具，需要root权限执行，-l参数可以打印硬盘信息：

root@node1:~# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 558.9 GiB, 600127266816 bytes, 1172123568 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xdf3a7994

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1001469 999422 488M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1001470 1172121599 1171120130 558.4G 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 1001472 17000447 15998976 7.6G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda6 17002496 1172121599 1155119104 550.8G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 558.9 GiB, 600127266816 bytes, 1172123568 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0006c4c0

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sdb1 63 1172118464 1172118402 558.9G 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 126 1172118464 1172118339 558.9G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7af0ba03

fdisk不支持GPT分区，需要要到下文的parted查看。parted

parted是一个分区操作工具，需要root权限，否则输出为空：

root@node1:~# parted -l

Model: HITACHI HUS156060VLS600 (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 600GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 513MB 512MB primary ext4 boot

2 513MB 600GB 600GB extended

5 513MB 8704MB 8191MB logical linux-swap(v1)

6 8705MB 600GB 591GB logical ext4

Model: HITACHI HUS156060VLS600 (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 600GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 32.3kB 600GB 600GB extended

5 64.5kB 600GB 600GB logical ext4

Model: SEAGATE ST2000NM0023 (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdc: 2000GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flagslsscsi

lsscsi可以打印SCSI硬盘信息，该命令在Ubuntu中默认没有安装：

tlanyan@node1:~$ lsscsi

[0:0:0:0] cd/dvd PLDS DVD+-RW DH-16ACS JD11 /dev/sr0

[6:0:0:0] disk HITACHI HUS156060VLS600 E516 /dev/sda

[6:0:1:0] disk HITACHI HUS156060VLS600 E516 /dev/sdb

[6:0:2:0] disk SEAGATE ST2000NM0023 0003 /dev/sdcblkid

blkid命令可以打印块设备的信息：

tlanyan@node1:~$ blkid

/dev/sda6: UUID="93875607-7910-43d3-ac02-32200cfcea1a" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="df3a7994-06"

/dev/sda1: UUID="90cfad05-f84b-49fd-ac60-06c5d9c7382c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="df3a7994-01"

/dev/sda5: UUID="66c522a8-b0eb-4a44-9ba9-2765b70eff28" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="df3a7994-05"

/dev/sdb5: UUID="8a400f90-2390-4b5d-9fd2-58331c1230e2" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="0006c4c0-05"

/dev/sdc: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-0M-eM-^MM-7" UUID="8bd7100c-4120-4cf3-8d1e-268d4cf12bac" TYPE="ext4" PTUUID="7af0ba03" PTTYPE="dos"lshw

lshw命令用来打印硬件的详细信息，打印硬盘信息需要root权限：

root@node1:~# lshw -class disk

*-disk:0description: SCSI Disk

product: HUS156060VLS600

vendor: HITACHI

physical id: 0.0.0

bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0

logical name: /dev/sda

version: E516

serial: LXWMTVTM

size: 558GiB (600GB)

capacity: 690GiB (741GB)

capabilities: 15000rpm partitioned partitioned:dos

configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=df3a7994

*-disk:1description: SCSI Disk

product: HUS156060VLS600

vendor: HITACHI

physical id: 0.1.0

bus info: scsi@6:0.1.0

logical name: /dev/sdb

version: E516

serial: LXWMTWAM

size: 558GiB (600GB)

capacity: 690GiB (741GB)

capabilities: 15000rpm partitioned partitioned:dos

configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=0006c4c0

*-cdromdescription: DVD-RAM writer

product: DVD+-RW DH-16ACS

vendor: PLDS

physical id: 0.0.0

bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0

logical name: /dev/cdrom

logical name: /dev/cdrw

logical name: /dev/dvd

logical name: /dev/dvdrw

logical name: /dev/sr0

version: JD11

capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram

configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

mount

mount常用来挂载硬盘、分区等，自然也就可以查看挂载信息：

tlanyan@node1:~$ mount

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=24697992k,nr_inodes=6174498,mode=755)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)

tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=4944076k,mode=755)

/dev/sda6 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)

securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)

tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)

tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)

/dev/sdc on /work type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

/dev/sdb5 on /journal type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)exportfs

exportfs命令用来查看NFS共享文件夹，需要root权限：

root@node1:~# exportfs -s

/work 192.168.1.12(rw,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

/work 192.168.1.13(rw,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

/opt 192.168.1.12(ro,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

/opt 192.168.1.13(ro,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)