def main():str1 = 'hello, world!'# 通过len函数计算字符串的长度print(len(str1))  # 13# 获得字符串首字母大写的拷贝print(str1.capitalize())  # Hello, world!# 获得字符串变大写后的拷贝print(str1.upper())  # HELLO, WORLD!# 从字符串中查找子串所在位置print(str1.find('or'))  # 8print(str1.find('shit'))  # -1# 与find类似但找不到子串时会引发异常# print(str1.index('or'))# print(str1.index('shit'))# 检查字符串是否以指定的字符串开头print(str1.startswith('He'))  # Falseprint(str1.startswith('hel'))  # True# 检查字符串是否以指定的字符串结尾print(str1.endswith('!'))  # True# 将字符串以指定的宽度居中并在两侧填充指定的字符print(str1.center(50, '*'))# 将字符串以指定的宽度靠右放置左侧填充指定的字符print(str1.rjust(50, ' '))str2 = 'abc123456'# 从字符串中取出指定位置的字符(下标运算)print(str2[2])  # c# 字符串切片(从指定的开始索引到指定的结束索引)print(str2[2:5])  # c12print(str2[2:])  # c123456print(str2[2::2])  # c246print(str2[::2])  # ac246print(str2[::-1])  # 654321cbaprint(str2[-3:-1])  # 45# 检查字符串是否由数字构成print(str2.isdigit())  # False# 检查字符串是否以字母构成print(str2.isalpha())  # False# 检查字符串是否以数字和字母构成print(str2.isalnum())  # Truestr3 = '  jackfrued@126.com 'print(str3)# 获得字符串修剪左右两侧空格的拷贝print(str3.strip())if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 100]print(list1)list2 = ['hello'] * 5print(list2)# 计算列表长度(元素个数)print(len(list1))# 下标(索引)运算print(list1[0])print(list1[4])# print(list1[5])  # IndexError: list index out of rangeprint(list1[-1])print(list1[-3])list1[2] = 300print(list1)# 添加元素list1.append(200)list1.insert(1, 400)list1 += [1000, 2000]print(list1)print(len(list1))# 删除元素list1.remove(3)if 1234 in list1:list1.remove(1234)del list1[0]print(list1)# 清空列表元素list1.clear()print(list1)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():fruits = ['grape', 'apple', 'strawberry', 'waxberry']fruits += ['pitaya', 'pear', 'mango']# 循环遍历列表元素for fruit in fruits:print(fruit.title(), end=' ')print()# 列表切片fruits2 = fruits[1:4]print(fruits2)# fruit3 = fruits  # 没有复制列表只创建了新的引用# 可以通过完整切片操作来复制列表fruits3 = fruits[:]print(fruits3)fruits4 = fruits[-3:-1]print(fruits4)# 可以通过反向切片操作来获得倒转后的列表的拷贝fruits5 = fruits[::-1]print(fruits5)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():list1 = ['orange', 'apple', 'zoo', 'internationalization', 'blueberry']list2 = sorted(list1)# sorted函数返回列表排序后的拷贝不会修改传入的列表# 函数的设计就应该像sorted函数一样尽可能不产生副作用list3 = sorted(list1, reverse=True)# 通过key关键字参数指定根据字符串长度进行排序而不是默认的字母表顺序list4 = sorted(list1, key=len)print(list1)print(list2)print(list3)print(list4)# 给列表对象发出排序消息直接在列表对象上进行排序list1.sort(reverse=True)print(list1)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

import sysdef main():f = [x for x in range(1, 10)]print(f)f = [x + y for x in 'ABCDE' for y in '1234567']print(f)# 用列表的生成表达式语法创建列表容器# 用这种语法创建列表之后元素已经准备就绪所以需要耗费较多的内存空间f = [x ** 2 for x in range(1, 1000)]print(sys.getsizeof(f))  # 查看对象占用内存的字节数print(f)# 请注意下面的代码创建的不是一个列表而是一个生成器对象# 通过生成器可以获取到数据但它不占用额外的空间存储数据# 每次需要数据的时候就通过内部的运算得到数据(需要花费额外的时间)f = (x ** 2 for x in range(1, 1000))print(sys.getsizeof(f))  # 相比生成式生成器不占用存储数据的空间print(f)for val in f:print(val)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def fib(n):a, b = 0, 1for _ in range(n):a, b = b, a + byield adef main():for val in fib(20):print(val)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():# 定义元组t = ('骆昊', 38, True, '四川成都')print(t)# 获取元组中的元素print(t[0])print(t[3])# 遍历元组中的值for member in t:print(member)# 重新给元组赋值# t[0] = '王大锤'  # TypeError# 变量t重新引用了新的元组原来的元组将被垃圾回收t = ('王大锤', 20, True, '云南昆明')print(t)# 将元组转换成列表person = list(t)print(person)# 列表是可以修改它的元素的person[0] = '李小龙'person[1] = 25print(person)# 将列表转换成元组fruits_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']fruits_tuple = tuple(fruits_list)print(fruits_tuple)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():set1 = {1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2}print(set1)print('Length =', len(set1))set2 = set(range(1, 10))print(set2)set1.add(4)set1.add(5)set2.update([11, 12])print(set1)print(set2)set2.discard(5)# remove的元素如果不存在会引发KeyErrorif 4 in set2:set2.remove(4)print(set2)# 遍历集合容器for elem in set2:print(elem ** 2, end=' ')print()# 将元组转换成集合set3 = set((1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1))print(set3.pop())print(set3)# 集合的交集、并集、差集、对称差运算print(set1 & set2)# print(set1.intersection(set2))print(set1 | set2)# print(set1.union(set2))print(set1 - set2)# print(set1.difference(set2))print(set1 ^ set2)# print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))# 判断子集和超集print(set2 <= set1)# print(set2.issubset(set1))print(set3 <= set1)# print(set3.issubset(set1))print(set1 >= set2)# print(set1.issuperset(set2))print(set1 >= set3)# print(set1.issuperset(set3))if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():scores = {'骆昊': 95, '白元芳': 78, '狄仁杰': 82}# 通过键可以获取字典中对应的值print(scores['骆昊'])print(scores['狄仁杰'])# 对字典进行遍历(遍历的其实是键再通过键取对应的值)for elem in scores:print('%st--->t%d' % (elem, scores[elem]))# 更新字典中的元素scores['白元芳'] = 65scores['诸葛王朗'] = 71scores.update(冷面=67, 方启鹤=85)print(scores)if '武则天' in scores:print(scores['武则天'])print(scores.get('武则天'))# get方法也是通过键获取对应的值但是可以设置默认值print(scores.get('武则天', 60))# 删除字典中的元素print(scores.popitem())print(scores.popitem())print(scores.pop('骆昊', 100))# 清空字典scores.clear()print(scores)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

import os
import timedef main():content = '北京欢迎你为你开天辟地…………'while True:# 清理屏幕上的输出os.system('cls')  # os.system('clear')print(content)# 休眠200毫秒time.sleep(0.2)content = content[1:] + content[0]if __name__ == '__main__':main()

import randomdef generate_code(code_len=4):"""生成指定长度的验证码:param code_len: 验证码的长度(默认4个字符):return: 由大小写英文字母和数字构成的随机验证码"""all_chars = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'last_pos = len(all_chars) - 1code = ''for _ in range(code_len):index = random.randint(0, last_pos)code += all_chars[index]return code

def get_suffix(filename, has_dot=False):"""获取文件名的后缀名:param filename: 文件名:param has_dot: 返回的后缀名是否需要带点:return: 文件的后缀名"""pos = filename.rfind('.')if 0 < pos < len(filename) - 1:index = pos if has_dot else pos + 1return filename[index:]else:return ''

def max2(x):m1, m2 = (x[0], x[1]) if x[0] > x[1] else (x[1], x[0])for index in range(2, len(x)):if x[index] > m1:m2 = m1m1 = x[index]elif x[index] > m2:m2 = x[index]return m1, m2

def is_leap_year(year):"""判断指定的年份是不是闰年:param year: 年份:return: 闰年返回True平年返回False"""return year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0def which_day(year, month, date):"""计算传入的日期是这一年的第几天:param year: 年:param month: 月:param date: 日:return: 第几天"""days_of_month = [[31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31],[31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]][is_leap_year(year)]total = 0for index in range(month - 1):total += days_of_month[index]return total + datedef main():print(which_day(1980, 11, 28))print(which_day(1981, 12, 31))print(which_day(2018, 1, 1))print(which_day(2016, 3, 1))if __name__ == '__main__':main()

def main():num = int(input('Number of rows: '))yh = [[]] * numfor row in range(len(yh)):yh[row] = [None] * (row + 1)for col in range(len(yh[row])):if col == 0 or col == row:yh[row][col] = 1else:yh[row][col] = yh[row - 1][col] + yh[row - 1][col - 1]print(yh[row][col], end='t')print()if __name__ == '__main__':main()

from random import randrange, randint, sampledef display(balls):"""输出列表中的双色球号码"""for index, ball in enumerate(balls):if index == len(balls) - 1:print('|', end=' ')print('%02d' % ball, end=' ')print()def random_select():"""随机选择一组号码"""red_balls = [x for x in range(1, 34)]selected_balls = []selected_balls = sample(red_balls, 6)selected_balls.sort()selected_balls.append(randint(1, 16))return selected_ballsdef main():n = int(input('机选几注: '))for _ in range(n):display(random_select())if __name__ == '__main__':main()

"""
《幸运的基督徒》
有15个基督徒和15个非基督徒在海上遇险，为了能让一部分人活下来不得不将其中15个人扔到海里面去，
有个人想了个办法就是大家围成一个圈，由某个人开始从1报数，报到9的人就扔到海里面，他后面的人接着从1开始报数，报到9的人继续扔到海里面，
直到扔掉15个人。由于上帝的保佑，15个基督徒都幸免于难，问这些人最开始是怎么站的，哪些位置是基督徒哪些位置是非基督徒。
"""def main():persons = [True] * 30counter, index, number = 0, 0, 0while counter < 15:if persons[index]:number += 1if number == 9:persons[index] = Falsecounter += 1number = 0index += 1index %= 30for person in persons:print('基' if person else '非', end='')if __name__ == '__main__':main()

import osdef print_board(board):print(board['TL'] + '|' + board['TM'] + '|' + board['TR'])print('-+-+-')print(board['ML'] + '|' + board['MM'] + '|' + board['MR'])print('-+-+-')print(board['BL'] + '|' + board['BM'] + '|' + board['BR'])def main():init_board = {'TL': ' ', 'TM': ' ', 'TR': ' ','ML': ' ', 'MM': ' ', 'MR': ' ','BL': ' ', 'BM': ' ', 'BR': ' '}begin = Truewhile begin:curr_board = init_board.copy()begin = Falseturn = 'x'counter = 0os.system('clear')print_board(curr_board)while counter < 9:move = input('轮到%s走棋, 请输入位置: ' % turn)if curr_board[move] == ' ':counter += 1curr_board[move] = turnif turn == 'x':turn = 'o'else:turn = 'x'os.system('clear')print_board(curr_board)choice = input('再玩一局?(yes|no)')begin = choice == 'yes'if __name__ == '__main__':main()