Java微信消息推送（二）

首先，公众号的准备工作（以测试号为主）

1.先得到公众号的appid和appsecret和token(此程序可有可无)

2.然后得到一个推送的用户oppenid
3.消息推送模板准备，点击新增测试模板

我的模板信息（可直接CV）

标题：交易提醒   内容：尊敬的{{User.DATA}} {{k1.DATA}} 您的尾号{{CardNumber.DATA}} 的建设银行储蓄卡最新交易信息 交易时间：{{Date.DATA}} 交易类型：{{Type.DATA}} 交易金额：{{Money.DATA}} {{k2.DATA}} 截止至{{DeadTime.DATA}}，您在建设银行储蓄卡账户可用余额为{{Left.DATA}}元

4.微信开发平台又提供推送消息的文档，我们只需要POST请求下面的接口就行了

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN

后台JAVA程序

1.获取access_token

因为调用上面一个接口，需要获取access_token

1.1创建一个access_token的实体类

package com.example.demo.entity;import java.io.Serializable;/**AccessToken 对象*/
public class AccessToken implements Serializable {//获取到的凭证private String accessToken;//凭证有效时间，单位：秒private int expiresin;public String getAccessToken() {return accessToken;}public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {this.accessToken = accessToken;}public int getExpiresin() {return expiresin;}public void setExpiresin(int expiresin) {this.expiresin = expiresin;}
}

1.2因为需要在程序中发送http请求，添加一个http请求的工具类

package com.example.demo.utils;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.MyX509TrustManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;public class WX_HttpsUtil {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_HttpsUtil.class);/*** 发送https请求* @param requestUrl 请求地址* @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）* @param outputStr 提交的数据* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)*/public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {JSONObject jsonObject = null;try {// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);// 设置请求方式（GET/POST）conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据if (null != outputStr) {OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();// 注意编码格式outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));outputStream.close();}// 从输入流读取返回内容InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String str = null;StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {buffer.append(str);}// 释放资源bufferedReader.close();inputStreamReader.close();inputStream.close();inputStream = null;conn.disconnect();jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(buffer.toString());} catch (ConnectException ce) {log.error("连接超时：{}", ce);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("https请求异常：{}", e);}return jsonObject;}}

1.3获取access_token

package com.example.demo.utils;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.AccessToken;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class WX_TokenUtil {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TokenUtil.class);/***  获得微信 AccessToken* access_token是公众号的全局唯一接口调用凭据，公众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token。* 开发者需要access_token的有效期目前为2个小时，需定时刷新，重复获取将导致上次获取* 的access_token失效。* （此处我是把token存在Redis里面了）*/public static AccessToken getWXToken() {String tokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPID+"&secret="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPSECRET;JSONObject jsonObject = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tokenUrl, "GET", null);System.out.println("jsonObject:"+jsonObject);AccessToken access_token = new AccessToken();if (null != jsonObject) {try {access_token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));access_token.setExpiresin(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));} catch (JSONException e) {access_token = null;// 获取token失败log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));}}return access_token;}}

2.推送消息给指定的用户

package com.example.demo.controller;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_HttpsUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TemplateMsgUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TokenUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_UserUtil;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import sun.reflect.generics.tree.VoidDescriptor;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Controller
@RequestMapping("/weChat")
public class TestWX {/*public static void main(String[] args) {//新增用户成功 - 推送微信消息senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");}*/@RequestMapping("/sendMessage")@ResponseBodypublic String sendMessage(){senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");return "success";}static void senMsg(String openId){//用户是否订阅该公众号标识 (0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号)Integer  state= WX_UserUtil.subscribeState(openId);System.out.println("state:"+state);// 绑定了微信并且关注了服务号的用户 , 注册成功-推送注册短信if(state==1){Map<String, TemplateData> param = new HashMap<>();param.put("User",new TemplateData("杨先生","#173177"));param.put("Date",new TemplateData("07月18日 19时24分","#173177"));param.put("CardNumber",new TemplateData("0426","#173177"));param.put("Type",new TemplateData("兰州拉面","#173177"));param.put("Money",new TemplateData("人民币5,000,000.00元","#173177"));param.put("DeadTime",new TemplateData("06月08日19时24分","#173177"));param.put("Left",new TemplateData("31872134.09","#173177"));JSON.toJSONString(param);JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(JSON.toJSONString(param));//调用发送微信消息给用户的接口WX_TemplateMsgUtil.sendWechatMsgToUser(openId,"lsCnZkSUOIeB4q8ZuHRli3onuciVZPS0GvCh2i06TB4", "http://www.baidu.com","#FFFFFF", jsonObject);//获取公众号的自动回复规则String urlinfo="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/get_current_autoreply_info?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();JSONObject joinfo = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(urlinfo, "GET", null);Object o=joinfo.get("is_add_friend_reply_open");// System.out.println("o:"+joinfo);String getTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wx395cb56f846049fc&secret=b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";JSONObject Token = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(getTokenUrl, "GET", null);//System.out.println("Token:"+Token);}}}

package com.example.demo.entity;/*** 模板详细信息* 根据需求自己更改*/
public class TemplateData {private String value;private String color;public TemplateData(String value,String color){this.value = value;this.color = color;}public TemplateData(){}public String getValue() {return value;}public void setValue(String value) {this.value = value;}public String getColor() {return color;}public void setColor(String color) {this.color = color;}
}

package com.example.demo.entity;import java.util.Map;
/*** 注册成功，通知模板消息实体类*/public class TemplateMessage {private String touser; //用户OpenIDprivate String template_id; //模板消息IDprivate String url; //URL置空，在发送后，点模板消息进入一个空白页面（ios），或无法点击（android）。private String topcolor; //标题颜色private Map<String, TemplateData> templateData; //模板详细信息public static TemplateMessage New() {return new TemplateMessage();}public TemplateMessage(){}public String getTouser() {return touser;}public void setTouser(String touser) {this.touser = touser;}public String getTemplate_id() {return template_id;}public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {this.template_id = template_id;}public String getUrl() {return url;}public void setUrl(String url) {this.url = url;}public String getTopcolor() {return topcolor;}public void setTopcolor(String topcolor) {this.topcolor = topcolor;}public Map<String, TemplateData> getTemplateData() {return templateData;}public void setTemplateData(Map<String, TemplateData> templateData) {this.templateData = templateData;}
}

package com.example.demo.entity;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
/*** 微信请求 - 信任管理器*/public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager{public MyX509TrustManager() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}@Overridepublic void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}@Overridepublic void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}@Overridepublic X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {//        return new X509Certificate[0];return  null;}}

package com.example.demo.utils;import java.io.Serializable;/*** 全局公众号配置信息*/
public class GlobalConfiguration implements Serializable {public static final String APPID = "wx395cb56f846049fc";public static final String APPSECRET = "b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";public static final String TOKEN = "boteWeChat";
}

package com.example.demo.utils;import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;/*** 请求校验工具类* @author m**/
public class SignUtil {// 与接口配置信息中的Token要一致private static String token = "boteWeChat";/*** 验证签名** @param signature* @param timestamp* @param nonce* @return*/public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };// 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序Arrays.sort(arr);StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {content.append(arr[i]);}MessageDigest md = null;String tmpStr = null;try {md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");// 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());tmpStr = byteToStr(digest);} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {e.printStackTrace();}content = null;// 将sha1加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信return tmpStr != null ? tmpStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()) : false;}/*** 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串** @param byteArray* @return*/private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) {String strDigest = "";for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]);}return strDigest;}/*** 将字节转换为十六进制字符串** @param mByte* @return*/private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) {char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };char[] tempArr = new char[2];tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F];String s = new String(tempArr);return s;}
}

package com.example.demo.utils;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import java.util.Map;public class WX_TemplateMsgUtil {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TemplateMsgUtil.class);/*** 封装模板详细信息* @return*/public static JSONObject packJsonmsg(Map<String, TemplateData> param) {JSONObject json = new JSONObject();for (Map.Entry<String,TemplateData> entry : param.entrySet()) {JSONObject keyJson = new JSONObject();TemplateData  dta=  entry.getValue();keyJson.put("value",dta.getValue());keyJson.put("color", dta.getColor());json.put(entry.getKey(), keyJson);}return json;}/*** 根据模板的编号 新增并获取模板ID* @param templateSerialNumber 模板库中模板的 "编号"* @return 模板ID*/public static String getWXTemplateMsgId(String templateSerialNumber){String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_add_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();JSONObject json = new JSONObject();json.put("template_id_short", templateSerialNumber);JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");log.info("获取模板编号返回信息：" + errmsg);if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){return "error";}String templateId = (String) resultJson.get("template_id");return templateId;}/*** 根据模板ID 删除模板消息* @param templateId 模板ID* @return*/public static String deleteWXTemplateMsgById(String templateId){String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/del_private_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();JSONObject json = new JSONObject();json.put("template_id", templateId);try{JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);log.info("删除"+templateId+"模板消息,返回CODE："+ resultJson.get("errcode"));String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){return "error";}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return "success";}/*** 发送微信消息(模板消息)* @param touser 用户 OpenID* @param templatId 模板消息ID* @param clickurl URL置空，则在发送后，点击模板消息会进入一个空白页面（ios），或无法点击（android）。* @param topcolor 标题颜色* @param data 详细内容* @return*/public static String sendWechatMsgToUser(String touser, String templatId, String clickurl, String topcolor, JSONObject data) {String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();JSONObject json = new JSONObject();json.put("touser", touser);json.put("template_id", templatId);json.put("url", clickurl);json.put("topcolor", topcolor);json.put("data", data);try{JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);log.info("发送微信消息返回信息：" + resultJson.get("errcode"));String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){  //如果为errmsg为ok，则代表发送成功，公众号推送信息给用户了。return "error";}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();return "error";}return "success";}}

package com.example.demo.utils;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;public class WX_UserUtil {private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_UserUtil.class);/*** 根据微信openId 获取用户是否订阅* @param openId 微信openId* @return 是否订阅该公众号标识*/public static Integer subscribeState(String openId){String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token="+WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken() +"&openid="+ openId;JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "GET",null);JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");if(errmsg==null){//用户是否订阅该公众号标识（0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号）。Integer subscribe = (Integer) resultJson.get("subscribe");return subscribe;}return -1;}
}

package com.example.demo.utils;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;public class WxServlet extends HttpServlet{public WxServlet() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}/* (non-Javadoc)* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)*/@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {// 微信加密签名String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 时间戳String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 随机数String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机字符串String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();// 通过检验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败if (SignUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {out.print(echostr);}out.close();out = null;}/* (non-Javadoc)* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)*/@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.doPost(req, resp);}}

最后我们启动项目，访问localhost:8080/weChat/sendMessage即可给用户发送消息

效果图：

记录成长！

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