Django之modelform

1、原生form表单
2、forms组件2
3、modleForm组件
4、前端form表单，后台form组件（可以没有数据库）
5、django补充 - 请求流程

1、原生form表单

步骤：

1.models.py

    makemigrationsmigrate

2.createsuperuser

    yuan yuan1234

    1.addbook:(getlist)        ...

        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish_id')auhtor_pk_list = request.POST.getlist('auhtor_pk_list')  # ['1', '2']book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)book_obj.authors.add(*auhtor_pk_list)

    2.editbook:(set)        ...

         <p>价格 <input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p>{% if author in edit_book.authors.all %}<option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% else %}<option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% endif %}...ret = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title, price=price, date=date, publish_id=publish_id)print('ret---', ret)  # 1
book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()print('book_obj---', book_obj)  # 对象
book_obj.authors.set(auhtor_pk_list)

code代码

models

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class Book(models.Model):title=models.CharField(max_length=32)price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2)  # 999999.99date=models.DateField()publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",on_delete=True)authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")def __str__(self):return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):name=models.CharField(max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Author(models.Model):name=models.CharField(max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.name

View Code

urls

"""formsDemo URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views1. Add an import:  from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import adminfrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^books/', views.books),url(r'^book/add', views.addbook),url(r'^book/edit/(\d+)', views.editbook),
]

View Code

views

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect# Create your views here.from .models import *def books(request):book_list=Book.objects.all()return render(request,"books.html",locals())def addbook(request):if request.method=="POST":title=request.POST.get("title")price=request.POST.get("price")date=request.POST.get("date")publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id")author_pk_list=request.POST.getlist("author_pk_list") # [1,2]
book_obj=Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)book_obj.authors.add(*author_pk_list)return redirect("/books/")publish_list=Publish.objects.all()author_list=Author.objects.all()return render(request,"add.html",locals())def editbook(request,edit_book_id):if request.method=="POST":title=request.POST.get("title")price=request.POST.get("price")date=request.POST.get("date")publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id")author_pk_list=request.POST.getlist("author_pk_list") # [1,2]
Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish_id=publish_id)book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()book_obj.authors.set(author_pk_list)return redirect("/books/")edit_book=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()publish_list = Publish.objects.all()author_list = Author.objects.all()return render(request,"edit.html",locals())

View Code

books.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
<a href="/book/add"><button>添加书籍</button></a>
<hr>
<table border="1">{% for book in book_list %}<tr><td>{{ book.title }}</td><td>{{ book.price }}</td><td>{{ book.date|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td><td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td><td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td><td><a href="/book/edit/{{book.pk}}"><button>编辑</button></a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</table></body>
</html>

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add.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body><h3>添加页面</h3><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<p>书籍名称 <input type="text" name="title"></p><p>价格 <input type="text" name="price"></p><p>日期 <input type="date" name="date"></p><p>出版社<select name="publish_id" id="">{% for publish in publish_list %}<option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></p><p>作者<select name="author_pk_list" id="" multiple>{% for author in author_list %}<option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></p><input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

edit.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body><h3>编辑页面</h3><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<p>书籍名称 <input type="text" name="title" value="{{ edit_book.title }}"></p><p>价格 <input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p><p>日期 <input type="date" name="date" value="{{ edit_book.date|date:'Y-m-d' }}"></p><p>出版社<select name="publish_id" id="">{% for publish in publish_list %}{% if edit_book.publish == publish %}<option selected value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>{% else %}<option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</select></p><p>作者<select name="author_pk_list" id="" multiple>{% for author in author_list %}{% if author in edit_book.authors.all %}<option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% else %}<option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</select></p><input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

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2、forms组件

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7614921.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html

1、针对form表单设计form组件

forms组件：
　　#三个渲染出来的都是select框
　　forms.ChoiceField(Field) #这个使用的是choice=数据
　　forms.ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField) #这个使用是queryset=数据，单选框
　　forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) #这个也是queryset=数据，多选框

　　编辑功能不好实现。（将循环的结果放到input内）

2、form组件能做的事情:

form组件能做的事情:    1.能渲染页面    2.能做校验用    3.拿到错误信息显示

3、code

views

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect# Create your views here.from .models import *from django import forms
from django.forms import widgetsclass BookForm(forms.Form):title = forms.CharField(max_length=32,label="书籍名称")price = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2,label="价格")  # 999999.99date = forms.DateField(label="日期",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"type":"date"}))#gender=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女"),(3,"其他")))#publish=forms.ChoiceField(choices=Publish.objects.all().values_list("pk","title"))publish=forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Publish.objects.all())authors=forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all())def books(request):book_list=Book.objects.all()return render(request,"books.html",locals())def addbook(request):form = BookForm()if request.method == 'POST':form = BookForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data)"""clean_date: {'title': '书1', 'price': Decimal('1111'),'date': datetime.date(2018, 6, 7),'publish': <Publish: 香蕉出版社>,   # 对象'authors': <QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: egon>]>}"""title = form.cleaned_data.get('title')price = form.cleaned_data.get('price')date = form.cleaned_data.get('date')publish = form.cleaned_data.get('publish')authors = form.cleaned_data.get('authors')book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish=publish)book_obj.authors.add(*authors)return redirect('/books/')print(form)return render(request,'add.html',locals())def editbook(request,edit_book_id):edit_book = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()form = BookForm(initial={"title": edit_book.title, "price": edit_book.price, "date": edit_book.date,"publish": edit_book.publish, "authors": edit_book.authors.all()})if request.method=="POST":form = BookForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():title = form.cleaned_data.get("title")price = form.cleaned_data.get("price")date = form.cleaned_data.get("date")publish = form.cleaned_data.get("publish")authors = form.cleaned_data.get("authors")  # [1,2]
Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=title,price=price,date=date,publish=publish)book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()book_obj.authors.set(authors)return redirect("/books/")return render(request,"edit.html",locals())

View Code

add

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body><h3>添加页面</h3><form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div>{{ field.label }}{{ field }}{{ field.errors.0 }}</div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

edit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body><h3>编辑页面</h3><form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div>{{ field.label }}{{ field }}{{ field.errors.0 }}</div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

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4、form组件补充

1、Django内置字段如下：

Fieldrequired=True,               是否允许为空widget=None,                 HTML插件label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容initial=None,                初始值help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)error_messages=None,         错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）validators=[],               自定义验证规则localize=False,              是否支持本地化disabled=False,              是否可以编辑label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀CharField(Field)max_length=None,             最大长度min_length=None,             最小长度strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白IntegerField(Field)max_value=None,              最大值min_value=None,              最小值FloatField(IntegerField)...DecimalField(IntegerField)max_value=None,              最大值min_value=None,              最小值max_digits=None,             总长度decimal_places=None,         小数位长度BaseTemporalField(Field)input_formats=None          时间格式化   DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12DurationField(Field)            时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f...RegexField(CharField)regex,                      自定制正则表达式max_length=None,            最大长度min_length=None,            最小长度error_message=None,         忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}EmailField(CharField)      ...FileField(Field)allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件ImageField(FileField)      ...注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：- form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)URLField(Field)...BooleanField(Field)  ...NullBooleanField(BooleanField)...ChoiceField(Field)...choices=(),                选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)required=True,             是否必填widget=None,               插件，默认select插件label=None,                Label内容initial=None,              初始值help_text='',              帮助提示ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceFieldqueryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选

ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceFieldTypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换empty_value= ''            空值的默认值MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)...TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换empty_value= ''            空值的默认值ComboField(Field)fields=()                  使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])MultiValueField(Field)PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)input_date_formats=None,   格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']input_time_formats=None    格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中path,                      文件夹路径match=None,                正则匹配recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹allow_files=True,          允许文件allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹required=True,widget=None,label=None,initial=None,help_text=''GenericIPAddressFieldprotocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用SlugField(CharField)           数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）...UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型...

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2、Django内置插件：

TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget

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3、常用选择插件：

# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select
# )# 多选select，值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
#     initial=[1,],
#     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )# 单checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )# 多选checkbox,值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     initial=[2, ],
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )

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form组件补充：
　　get请求的时候，render的时候可以自己渲染，也可以用form组件渲染，只要input的name属性值和form组件的字段值一致性就可以。在post请求的时候，把对应字段上传到
　　后端，也就是把request.POST这个参数传给form=BookForm(request.POST),这样的就拿到了数据，无论你上传了多少数据，（包含CSRF_TOKEN）,form都不管，只拿对应
　　字段的值匹配，只要全部取到并且通过了自定义的验证规则就是干净数据（cleaned_data）,如果少了一个字段或者规则没有校验过去，那么就是errors信息。

3、modleForm组件(主题来了)

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7614921.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8034442.html

1、modleform组件

使用modelform组件，相比于form组件功能更加的强大。

  1.modelform 组件        中间转换的组件, 不用自己去写form组件。        将模型表转换成, 具体的form组件。

注意：这里只需要告诉这个组件，你要对哪张表做一个form验证，然后field可以校验的字段。
　　　labels，widgets,error_message等都可以进行添加。form有的modelForm组件都有。

modelform

    class BookForm(ModelForm):class Meta:model=models.Bookfields="__all__"labels={"title":"书籍名称","price":"价格","date":"日期","publish":"出版社","authors":"作者",}widgets={"title":wid.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),"price": wid.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),"date": wid.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),}

2.fields

3.一对多，多对多，不用考虑！ form.save()

4.BookForm(instance=edit_book) # 接收一个对象

5、 {{ field.label }}{{ field }} {{ field.errors.0 }}

6、扩展modleform

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8034442.html

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.forms import ModelForm
# Create your views here.
from app01 import models
def test(request):# model_form = models.Studentmodel_form = models.Student.objects.all()return render(request,'test.html',{'model_form':model_form})class StudentList(ModelForm):class Meta:model = models.Student #对应的Model中的类fields = "__all__" #字段，如果是__all__,就是表示列出所有的字段exclude = None #排除的字段labels = None #提示信息help_texts = None #帮助提示信息widgets = None #自定义插件error_messages = None #自定义错误信息#error_messages用法：error_messages = {'name':{'required':"用户名不能为空",},'age':{'required':"年龄不能为空",},}#widgets用法,比如把输入用户名的input框给为Textarea#首先得导入模块from django.forms import widgets as wid #因为重名，所以起个别名widgets = {"name":wid.Textarea}#labels，自定义在前端显示的名字labels= {"name":"用户名"}
def student(request):if request.method == 'GET':student_list = StudentList()return render(request,'student.html',{'student_list':student_list})else:student_list = StudentList(request.POST)if student_list.is_valid():student_list.save()return render(request,'student.html',{'student_list':student_list})def student_edit(request,pk):obj = models.Student.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()if not obj:return redirect('test')if request.method == "GET":student_list = StudentList(instance=obj)return render(request,'student_edit.html',{'student_list':student_list})else:student_list = StudentList(request.POST,instance=obj)if student_list.is_valid():student_list.save()return render(request,'student_edit.html',{'student_list':student_list})扩展 modelform

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7、modle.EmialField()

       models.CharFiled()        models.EmailField()  # 为什么，不写charField？ 因为在使用 modelForm 时，可以校验！！这时EmailField才有意义！        eg:            models.URLField            models.UUIDField这里对用法具体做一些注释

 def book(request):book_list=models.Book.objects.all()return render(request,"books.html",locals())def addbook(request):if request.method == "POST":form=BookForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():#通过验证直接form.save()就可以进行添加了。
form.save()return redirect("/books/")form = BookForm()return render(request,"add.html",locals())

如果是编辑的话：

def editbook(request,edit_book_id):edit_book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()print(edit_book)if request.method == "POST":#这里进行编辑的时候需要注意的是需要加一个参数instance=编辑对象#告诉modelForm 对哪张表进行一个修改，不加这个参数就会变成添加而不是修改。form=BookForm(request.POST,instance=edit_book)if form.is_valid():form.save()return redirect("/books/")#这里加这个参数的意思是取到对应编辑对象的值放到input框内。form=BookForm(instance=edit_book)return render(request,"edit.html",locals())

最后就是一个简单的删除

def delbook(request,del_book_id):models.Book.objects.filter(id=del_book_id).delete()return redirect("/books/")

8、code

views

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect# Create your views here.from .models import *from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import widgets as wid  # 因为重名，所以起个别名！

wid_text = wid.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
required_msg = {'required':'不能为空'}
class BookForm(ModelForm):class Meta:model = Bookfields = "__all__"  # 对所有字段转换# fields = ['title','price']
labels = {"title":"书籍名称","price":"价格","date":"日期","publish":"出版社","authors":"作者"}widgets = {'title':wid_text,'price':wid_text,'date':wid.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','type':'date'}),'publish':wid.Select(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),'authors':wid.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class':'form-control'})}error_messages = {'title':required_msg,'price':required_msg,'date':{'required':'不能为空','invalid':'格式错误'},'publish':required_msg,'authors':required_msg,}def books(request):book_list = Book.objects.all()return render(request,'books.html',locals())def addbook(request):form = BookForm()if request.method == 'POST':form = BookForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():form.save()  # form.model.objects.create(request.POST)return redirect('/books/')return render(request,'add.html',locals())def editbook(request, edit_book_id):edit_book = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()form = BookForm(instance=edit_book)if request.method == 'POST':form = BookForm(request.POST,instance=edit_book)if form.is_valid():form.save()   # edit_book.update(request.POST)return redirect('/books/')return render(request, 'edit.html', locals())

View Code

add.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"></head>
<body>
<h3>添加页面</h3><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-1">{% include 'form.html' %}</div>
</div></body>
</html>add.html

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edit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body><h3>编辑页面</h3><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-1">{% include 'form.html' %}</div>
</div></body>
</html>

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form.html

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<p>{{ field.label }}{{ field }}<small><span class="pull-right text-danger has-error">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></small></p>{% endfor %}<input type="submit">
</form>

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4、前端form表单，后台form组件（可以没有数据库）

前端手写一个form表单，后台使用form组件，进行校验，也是可以的！！

注意： <p>名称 <input type="text" name="title"></p> 和 title = forms.CharField()

name和title对应

view.py

from django import formsclass BookForms(forms.Form):title = forms.CharField()price = forms.FloatField()def addbook(request):form = BookForms()if request.method == 'POST':form = BookForms(request.POST)# form = BookForm({'title':'php','price':111,'xxx':'egon'})if form.is_valid():print('clean_data',form.cleaned_data)# clean_data {'title': '水浒传', 'price': 123.0}else:print('error',form.errors)return render(request,'addbook.html',locals())

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addbook.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h3>添加书籍</h3><form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}<p>名称 <input type="text" name="title"></p><p>价格 <input type="text" name="price"></p><p>xxx <input type="text" name="xxx"></p><input type="submit">
</form><form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{{ form.as_p }}{{ form.as_table }}{{ form.as_ul }}<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

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5、django补充 - 请求流程

说明：

django 请求流程图--流程最重要！

http协议 请求协议：请求首行，请求头，请求体！响应协议: 响应首行，响应头，响应体！

我们发给浏览器的响应体（html)是一堆 str 浏览器解析(html)才能看到数据！ 

render 对templates 模板渲染！没有模板 就 httpresponse 返回str  打开文件 捕获是否模板语法，嵌入{{}} 数据 返回 html（str） response

只要到了 中间件 交给浏览器的 一定已经是一些 html(str)

1、什么是WSGI？什么是wsgiref？

WSGI（Web Server Common Interface）是专门为Python语言制定的web服务器与应用程序之间的网关接口规范，通俗的来说，只要一个服务器拥有一个实现了WSGI标准规范的模块（例如apache的mod_wsgi模块），那么任意的实现了WSGI规范的应用程序都能与它进行交互。因此，WSGI也主要分为两个程序部分：服务器部分和应用程序部分。
wsgiref则是官方给出的一个实现了WSGI标准用于演示用的简单Python内置库，它实现了一个简单的WSGI Server和WSGI Application（在simple_server模块中），主要分为五个模块：simple_server， util， headers， handlers， validate。
wsgiref源码地址：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wsgiref

django（render深层原理）
Httprespone方法就相当于把return的字符串给了wsgi，封装成一堆标签字符串，然后返回给浏览器解析。
而render方法，是从template中取到标签字符串，把里面的{{}} ，{% %}，这些的模板语法等解析好
变成一个个标签后，然后通过HttpResponse把这堆标签字符串通过wSGI封装好给了浏览器，浏览器只渲染标签语言。{{}}，{% %}这些是在后端完成的渲染。

如果跟数据库结合的话，就是视图从数据库取到数据，从模板语言拿到标签字符串，进行一个解析结合。形成一个完整的HTML（处理模板语法），最后把这个还是返回给浏览器。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/geogre123/p/9789489.html