运行多个步骤

管道由多个步骤组成，允许你构建、测试和部署应用程序，Jenkins管道允许你以简单的方式组成多个步骤，可以帮助你为任何类型的自动化过程建模。

将“步骤”想象成执行单个操作的单个命令，当一个步骤成功时，它将进入下一步，当一个步骤无法正确执行时，管道将失败。

当管道中的所有步骤都已成功完成时，将认为管道已成功执行。

Linux、BSD和Mac OS

在Linux、BSD和Mac OS（类Unix）系统上，sh步骤用于在管道中执行shell命令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {agent anystages {stage('Build') {steps {sh 'echo "Hello World"'sh '''echo "Multiline shell steps works too"ls -lah'''}}}
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {stage('Build') {sh 'echo "Hello World"'sh '''echo "Multiline shell steps works too"ls -lah'''}
}

Windows

基于Windows的系统应使用bat步骤来执行批处理命令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {agent anystages {stage('Build') {steps {bat 'set'}}}
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {stage('Build') {bat 'set'}
}

超时、重试等等

有一些强大的步骤可以“包装”其他步骤，这些步骤可以轻松解决问题，例如重试（retry）步骤直到成功或退出（如果步骤花费太长时间（timeout））。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {agent anystages {stage('Deploy') {steps {retry(3) {sh './flakey-deploy.sh'}timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {sh './health-check.sh'}}}}
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {stage('Deploy') {retry(3) {sh './flakey-deploy.sh'}timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {sh './health-check.sh'}}
}

“Deploy”阶段重试flakey-deploy.sh脚本3次，然后等待最多3分钟对于执行health-check.sh脚本，如果运行状况检查脚本在3分钟内未完成，则管道将在“Deploy”阶段标记为已失败。

“包装”步骤（如timeout和retry）可能包含其他步骤，包括timeout或retry。

我们可以将这些步骤组合在一起，例如，如果我们想要重试我们的部署5次，但在阶段失败之前永远不想花费超过3分钟：

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {agent anystages {stage('Deploy') {steps {timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {retry(5) {sh './flakey-deploy.sh'}}}}}
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {stage('Deploy') {timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {retry(5) {sh './flakey-deploy.sh'}}}
}

完成

管道执行完成后，你可能需要运行清理步骤或根据管道的结果执行某些操作，这些操作可以在post部分中执行。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {agent anystages {stage('Test') {steps {sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'}}}post {always {echo 'This will always run'}success {echo 'This will run only if successful'}failure {echo 'This will run only if failed'}unstable {echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'}changed {echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'}}
}

脚本管道（高级）：

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)
node {try {stage('Test') {sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'}echo 'This will run only if successful'} catch (e) {echo 'This will run only if failed'// Since we're catching the exception in order to report on it,// we need to re-throw it, to ensure that the build is marked as failedthrow e} finally {def currentResult = currentBuild.result ?: 'SUCCESS'if (currentResult == 'UNSTABLE') {echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'}def previousResult = currentBuild.previousBuild?.resultif (previousResult != null && previousResult != currentResult) {echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'}echo 'This will always run'}
}

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