一. 文件和目录类

File exist 文件已经存在

No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)

command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)

invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)

overwrite 覆盖

remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?

is a directory xxx是一个目录

descend into directory 是否进入目录

Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0

Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件

No write since last change

xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示

xxx not a directory 不是一个目录

查看压缩包的时候报错

You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

permission denied

Warning: Changing a readonly file

'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)

二. 网络连接类

远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败

yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机

yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)

没有找到叫treea的软件包

Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网)

三. 修改系统基础配置类

重启网卡报错 device not present

修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化

hostname命令修改主机名(临时 重启服务器之后失效)

命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？

四. 用户相关错误

user 'oldboy' already exists

no such user

Only root can do that.

Only root can specify a user name.

一. 文件和目录类

1. File exist 文件已经存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao

mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists

mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists

mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists

无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在

2. No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)

没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy

-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory

mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错

-p解决

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/

mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory

touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错

解决:先创建目录,再创建文件

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/

oldboy.txt

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt

touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory

排错思路:

1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?

2.目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/

find命令与|xargs ll 错误

|xargs后面不支持别名

[root@kangxu ~]# find /oldboy -name "*.txt" -type f |xargs ll

xargs: ll: No such file or directory

3. command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy

-bash: mkdiy: command not found

1.书写错误

2.没有安装

4. invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt

touch: invalid option -- 'p'

Try 'touch --help' for more information.

5. overwrite 覆盖

cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/

cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?

6.remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txt

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?

7. is a directory xxx是一个目录

rm默认无法删除目录

解决:加上-r 或-rf

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/

rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory

vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错

"/oldboy"

E502: "/oldboy" is a directory

Press ENTER or type command to continue

8. descend into directory 是否进入目录

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/

rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n

rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n

rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n

9. Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0

注意参数位置

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 /

tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.

10. Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件

vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示

"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"

"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing

Press ENTER or type command to continue

如果你对这个文件没有权限 也会提示

11.No write since last change

E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)

粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!

12. xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示

这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w

w: 39 column window is too narrow

13. xxx not a directory 不是一个目录

背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格

[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy /oldboy.txt #此处要创建/oldboy/oldboy.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /oldboy和/oldboy.txt

[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy/ #系统认为oldboy是个目录 所以报错

ls: cannot access /oldboy/: Not a directory

[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy/oldboy.txt

touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’: Not a directory

[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 9 15:23 /oldboy

14.查看压缩包的时候报错

注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。

[root@oldboy59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz

tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory

tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now

tar: Child returned status 2

tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

15. You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

你在这个文件/var/spool/mail/root 中有一个新邮件

16. permission denied

权限拒绝

17. W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file

使用vim的时候显示的

表示：正在修改只读文件

解决:

1.查看对文件是否有rw权限

2.如果是root用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:wq!)

18.no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found

在使用md5sum -c (检查的时候)

md5指纹信息文件中，格式不对

第1列是md5 信息 第2列文件名

解决:

查看MD5文件内容是否正确

检查的命令是否正确 md5sum -c oldboy.md5

md5sum: /oldboy/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found

19. E45: 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)

通过vi/vim 编辑文件保存的时候(:wq) 提示

这个文件只读，:wq! 强制保存退出

二. 网络连接类

1. 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败

使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确

[c:\~]$

Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...

Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

使用telnet测试端口是否打开

[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233

Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...

Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

端口开启

[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22

Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...

Connection established. #端口开启

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4

Protocol mismatch.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

[c:\~]$

2. yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机

Could not resolve host无法解析主机

主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.

http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -

"Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"

Trying other mirror.

3.yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)

有两种情况:

情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:

Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本

Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn

* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn

* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

No package treea available.

#没有找到叫treea的软件包

Error: Nothing to do

情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令

通过yum provides 查看命令属于哪个软件包

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y locate

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:02

(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:04

No package locate available.

Error: Nothing to do

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum provides locate

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:03

extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00

updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:01

mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/bin/locate\

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y mlocate

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

=========================================================================================================================

Installing:

mlocate x86_64 0.26-8.el7 base 113 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 113 k

Installed size: 379 k

Downloading packages:

mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:02

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7

Complete!

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rpm -qa mlocate

mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64

4. Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网)

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com

ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known

域名无法识别(无法将域名---->ip地址)

三. 修改系统基础配置类

1. 重启网卡报错 device not present

[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network

Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.

See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

查看详细错误原因

·journalctl -xe·

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:

ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]:

Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio

2. 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化

1# hostname命令修改主机名(临时 重启服务器之后失效)

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname

oldboyedu59

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb

2# 修改文件内容(写合同 永久 重启服务器之后生效)

vim /etc/hostname

oldboyedu59-lnb

3# 检查

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname

oldboyedu59-lnb

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname

oldboyedu59-lnb

命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？

解决：重新登录下即可(断开连接，重新连接)

[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#

3. unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'

引号不成对

tail -2 /etc/profile

alias net="cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

export PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "

[root@ssdz ~]# source /etc/profile

-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'

-bash: /etc/profile: line 79: syntax error: unexpected end of file

-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'

/etc/profile 第78行 出乎意料的结尾 正在找 '"' 这个双引号的另一半

四. 用户类错误

1. user 'oldboy' already exists

用户已经存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd oldboy

useradd: user 'oldboy' already exists

2. no such user

没有这个用户

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id lidao

id: lidao: no such user

3.Only root can do that.

只有root用户可以使用 非交互式设置密码方式

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy

Only root can do that.

4.Only root can specify a user name.

只有root用户 运行passwd的时候 后面能加上用户名

普通用户默认只能运行passwd 不能加用户名 修改自己的密码

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ passwd oldboy

passwd: Only root can specify a user name.