1、前台板块页面搭建

视图文件查询数据传输到前台界面：前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py
注意数据的收集方法和数据传输的类型。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前台的蓝图文件  类视图函数写在这里
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, views, make_response, request, session  # make_response生成response对象，用于返回前端模板# 导入图像验证码生成文件
from utils.captcha import Captcha# 图形验证码image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用
from io import BytesIO# 将图形验证码保存到Redis         restful输出信息弹窗
from utils import redis_captcha, restful# 验证码表单信息验证   登录、注册的Form表单信息收集
from .forms import SignupForm
from .forms import SigninForm# 导入前台用户模型
from .models import Front_User# 导入数据库连接 db
from exts import db# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.py
from utils import safe_url# 导入轮播图模型BannerModel
from apps.cms.models import BannerModel
# 导入板块管理模型
from apps.cms.models import BoardModelfront_bp = Blueprint("front", __name__)          # 前端不用前缀，直接在首页显示，front是蓝图，在front_signup.html调用生成图形验证码时候需要用# BBS的首页界面路由
@front_bp.route("/")
def index():banners = BannerModel.query.order_by(BannerModel.priority.desc()).limit(4)   # 通过权重查询，每页显示4条boards = BoardModel.query.all()                                              # 查询板块中的所有board_id = request.args.get('board_id', type=int, default=None)              # get方法需要使用args，注意这里的数据类型需要改成intcontext = {                                                                  # 多种数据传输到前台界面"banners": banners,"boards": boards,"current_board_id": board_id,}return render_template("front/front_index.html", **context)            # 渲染到首页界面,查询数据传输到前台界面# 图形验证码路由
@front_bp.route("/captcha/")
def graph_captcha():try:                                                 # 异常处理# 图像验证码生成文件中返回两个参数   text, imagetext, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()      # 生成图形验证码，image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用print("发送的图形验证码是：{}".format(text))# 将图形验证码保存到Redis数据库中redis_captcha.redis_set(text.lower(), text.lower())  # redis_set中需要传参key和value，text没有唯一对应的key，只能都传参text# BytesIO是生成的字节流out = BytesIO()image.save(out, 'png')                          # 把图片image保存在字节流中，并指定为png格式# 文件流指针out.seek(0)                                     # 从字节流最初开始读取# 生成response对象，用于返回前端模板中resp = make_response(out.read())resp.content_type = 'image/png'                 # 指定数据类型except:return graph_captcha()                          # 没有生成验证码就再调用一次return resp                                         # 返回对象# 测试referrer的跳转
@front_bp.route("/test/")
def test():return render_template("front/front_test.html")# 用户注册类视图
class SingupView(views.MethodView):def get(self):# 图像验证码生成文件中返回两个参数   text, image# text, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()# print(text)                      # 验证码# print(image)                     # 图形文件，图形类<PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGBA size=100x30 at 0x1EFC9000C88># 从当前页面跳转过来就是None   从其他页面跳转过来输出就是上一个页面信息     referrer是页面的跳转# print(request.referrer)                           # http://127.0.0.1:9999/test/return_to = request.referrer# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.pyprint(safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to))              # 判断return_to是否来自站内，是否是安全url，防爬虫if return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):       # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，request.url是当前的url地址return render_template("front/front_signup.html", return_to=return_to)           # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signup.html")                                # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面# 验证码的form表单信息提交验证def post(self):form = SignupForm(request.form)                       # 收集表单信息# 表单验证通过if form.validate():# 保存到数据库telephone = form.telephone.datausername = form.username.datapassword = form.password1.data                    # forms表单信息# 前台用户模型数据添加到数据库user = Front_User(telephone=telephone, username=username, password=password)db.session.add(user)db.session.commit()                                                   # 提交到数据库# 表单验证通过，提交到数据库成功return restful.success()else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息验证出错# 用户登录的类视图
class SinginView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer                                                    # referrer是上一个urlif return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):  # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，判断url是否安全return render_template("front/front_signin.html", return_to=return_to)      # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signin.html")                           # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面def post(self):form = SigninForm(request.form)                                            # 登录界面的Form表单信息if form.validate():                                                        # 表单信息存在# 收集form表单信息telephone = form.telephone.datapassword = form.password.dataremember = form.remember.datauser = Front_User.query.filter_by(telephone=telephone).first()         # 通过手机号验证该用户是否存在数据库if user and user.check_password(password):                             # 判断密码和用户是否正确session['front_user_id'] = user.id                                       # 用户的id存储到session中，用于登录验证if remember:                                                       # 如果remember状态是1# session持久化session.permanent = Truereturn restful.success()                                           # 成功else:return restful.params_error(message="手机号或者密码错误")           # 密码是、用户不正确else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息不存在，输出异常信息# 绑定类视图的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("signup"))          # "signup"视图中不需要反斜线,决定了url_for的路由地址
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signin/", view_func=SinginView.as_view("signin"))          # "signin"视图中不需要反斜线

前台首页界面：templates/front/front_index.html,将前台视图文件中传输过来的数据进行循环渲染到界面。

{% extends 'front/front_base.html' %}{% block title %}
首页
{% endblock %}<!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}
<!--   居中样式  -->
<div class="main-container"><div class="lg-container"><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图  --><div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"><!-- 指令 --><ol class="carousel-indicators"><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li></ol><!-- 轮播图 --><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><!--    循环apps/front/views.py文件传输的banners数据      -->{% for banner in banners %}<!--    判断是否第一次循环      -->{% if loop.first %}<div class="item active">{% else %}<div class="item">{% endif %}<!--    轮播图路径，style="width: 300px;height: 300px"轮播图大小 --><img src="{{ banner.image_url }}" alt="..."style="width: 300px;height: 300px"><div class="carousel-caption"></div></div>{% endfor %}</div><!-- 轮播图左右切换按钮 --><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图 代码结束   --><!--   帖子排序方式     --><div class="post-group"><ul class="post-group-head"><li class=""><a href="#">最新</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">精华帖子</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">点赞最多</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">评论最多</a></li></ul><ul class="post-list-group"><li><div class="author-avatar-group"><img src="#" alt=""></div><div class="post-info-group"><p class="post-title"><a href="#">Python文章</a><span class="label label-danger">精华帖</span></p><p class="post-info"><span>作者:xx</span><span>发表时间:2020-05-23</span><span>评论:0</span><span>阅读:0</span></p></div></li></ul><divstyle="text-align:center;"></div></div></div><!--      帖子标签内容      --><div class="sm-container"><divstyle="padding-bottom:10px;"><a href="#" class="btn btn-warning btn-block">发布帖子</a></div><div class="list-group"><a href="/" class="list-group-item active">所有板块</a><!--     循环显示前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py中传输的数据**context           -->{% for board in boards %}<!--         注意这里的current_board_id数据类型是int，才能与board.id相比较           -->{% if current_board_id == board.id %}<!--    url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id)每次点击跳转到front_index.html页面，即当前界面，且传输给一个board_id的参数值，由board.id赋值            --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item active">{{ board.name }}</a>{% else %}<!--  没被选中，即没有被传输相同的board.id，图标样式是class="list-group-item">    --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item">{{ board.name }}</a>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</div></div></div><!--  居中样式  -->{% endblock %}

2、文本编辑页面搭建

将上一篇博客中下载的富文本编辑器的压缩包进行解压，并且命名为editor，添加到项目的static文件下。推荐的Editor文本编辑器支持Markdown的显示，即左右分开显示源码文件和发表效果。

创建文本编辑的界面显示页面：templates/front/front_apost.html

{% extends 'front/front_base.html' %}{% block title %}发布帖子
{% endblock %}<!--补充内容-->
{% block head %}<!--  富文本编辑器关联样式  --><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/css/editormd.css') }}"/><script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='front/js/jquery.min.js') }}"></script><script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/editormd.min.js') }}"></script>
{% endblock %}<!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}<div class="main-container"><form action="" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"><div class="form-group"><div class="input-group"><span class="input-group-addon">标题</span><input type="text" class="form-control" name="title"></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="input-group"><span class="input-group-addon">板块</span><select name="board_id" class="form-control"><option value="">django</option><option value="">flask</option></select></div></div><!--   绑定id为editor    --><div id="editor" class="form-group"><textarea name="content" id="TextContent" ></textarea></div><div class="form-group"><button class="btn btn-danger" id="submit-btn">发布帖子</button></div>
</form><script type="text/javascript">var testEditor;$(function () {testEditor = editormd("editor", {                                             // 绑定editorwidth: "100%",height: 640,syncScrolling: "single",path: "{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/lib/') }}",                 // 存储路径// 上传图片imageUpload : true,imageFormats : [ "jpg", "jpeg", "gif", "png", "bmp", "webp" ],// 上传图片时指定调用后台的视图函数imageUploadURL : "",});});</script>
</div>{% endblock %}

关联文本编辑页面的样式：static/front/js/jquery.min.js

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验证前台登录信息装饰器：apps/front/decorators.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : decorators.py
@Time    : 2020/5/12 22:38
@Author  : chen
验证前台登录信息装饰器：apps/front/decorators.py
"""
# 装饰器方法实现另一种判定后台用户当前界面是否是登录界面，不是就重定向到登录界面
from flask import session, g
from flask import redirect, url_for
# 双层装饰器修饰
from functools import wrapsdef login_required(func):@wraps(func)                                              # 没传参的时候，可以省略wraps修饰def inner(*args, **kwargs):                               # 内层函数if 'front_user_id' in session:return func(*args, **kwargs)else:return redirect(url_for("front.signin"))           # 重定向到前台登录界面return inner

前台首页界面关联发布帖子界面：前台首页界面templates/front/front_index.html

{% extends 'front/front_base.html' %}{% block title %}
首页
{% endblock %}<!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}
<!--   居中样式  -->
<div class="main-container"><div class="lg-container"><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图  --><div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"><!-- 指令 --><ol class="carousel-indicators"><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li></ol><!-- 轮播图 --><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><!--    循环apps/front/views.py文件传输的banners数据      -->{% for banner in banners %}<!--    判断是否第一次循环      -->{% if loop.first %}<div class="item active">{% else %}<div class="item">{% endif %}<!--    轮播图路径，style="width: 300px;height: 300px"轮播图大小 --><img src="{{ banner.image_url }}" alt="..."style="width: 300px;height: 300px"><div class="carousel-caption"></div></div>{% endfor %}</div><!-- 轮播图左右切换按钮 --><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图 代码结束   --><!--   帖子排序方式     --><div class="post-group"><ul class="post-group-head"><li class=""><a href="#">最新</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">精华帖子</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">点赞最多</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">评论最多</a></li></ul><ul class="post-list-group"><li><div class="author-avatar-group"><img src="#" alt=""></div><div class="post-info-group"><p class="post-title"><a href="#">Python文章</a><span class="label label-danger">精华帖</span></p><p class="post-info"><span>作者:xx</span><span>发表时间:2020-05-23</span><span>评论:0</span><span>阅读:0</span></p></div></li></ul><divstyle="text-align:center;"></div></div></div><!--      帖子标签内容      --><div class="sm-container"><divstyle="padding-bottom:10px;"><!--       重定向到/apost/路由，文本编辑界面        --><a href="{{ url_for('front.apost') }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-block">发布帖子</a></div><div class="list-group"><a href="/" class="list-group-item active">所有板块</a><!--     循环显示前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py中传输的数据**context           -->{% for board in boards %}<!--         注意这里的current_board_id数据类型是int，才能与board.id相比较           -->{% if current_board_id == board.id %}<!--    url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id)每次点击跳转到front_index.html页面，即当前界面，且传输给一个board_id的参数值，由board.id赋值            --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item active">{{ board.name }}</a>{% else %}<!--  没被选中，即没有被传输相同的board.id，图标样式是class="list-group-item">    --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item">{{ board.name }}</a>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</div></div></div><!--  居中样式  -->
{% endblock %}

前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py,发布帖子前进行装饰器验证登录权限，创建帖子编辑路由。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前台的蓝图文件  类视图函数写在这里
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, views, make_response, request, session  # make_response生成response对象，用于返回前端模板# 导入图像验证码生成文件
from utils.captcha import Captcha# 图形验证码image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用
from io import BytesIO# 将图形验证码保存到Redis         restful输出信息弹窗
from utils import redis_captcha, restful# 验证码表单信息验证   登录、注册的Form表单信息收集
from .forms import SignupForm
from .forms import SigninForm# 导入前台用户模型
from .models import Front_User# 导入数据库连接 db
from exts import db# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.py
from utils import safe_url# 导入轮播图模型BannerModel
from apps.cms.models import BannerModel
# 导入板块管理模型
from apps.cms.models import BoardModel# 导入前台界面权限验证装饰器
from .decorators import login_requiredfront_bp = Blueprint("front", __name__)          # 前端不用前缀，直接在首页显示，front是蓝图，在front_signup.html调用生成图形验证码时候需要用# BBS的首页界面路由
@front_bp.route("/")
def index():banners = BannerModel.query.order_by(BannerModel.priority.desc()).limit(4)   # 通过权重查询，每页显示4条boards = BoardModel.query.all()                                              # 查询板块中的所有board_id = request.args.get('board_id', type=int, default=None)              # get方法需要使用args，注意这里的数据类型需要改成intcontext = {                                                                  # 多种数据传输到前台界面"banners": banners,"boards": boards,"current_board_id": board_id,}return render_template("front/front_index.html", **context)            # 渲染到首页界面,查询数据传输到前台界面# 图形验证码路由
@front_bp.route("/captcha/")
def graph_captcha():try:                                                 # 异常处理# 图像验证码生成文件中返回两个参数   text, imagetext, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()      # 生成图形验证码，image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用print("发送的图形验证码是：{}".format(text))# 将图形验证码保存到Redis数据库中redis_captcha.redis_set(text.lower(), text.lower())  # redis_set中需要传参key和value，text没有唯一对应的key，只能都传参text# BytesIO是生成的字节流out = BytesIO()image.save(out, 'png')                          # 把图片image保存在字节流中，并指定为png格式# 文件流指针out.seek(0)                                     # 从字节流最初开始读取# 生成response对象，用于返回前端模板中resp = make_response(out.read())resp.content_type = 'image/png'                 # 指定数据类型except:return graph_captcha()                          # 没有生成验证码就再调用一次return resp                                         # 返回对象# 测试referrer的跳转
@front_bp.route("/test/")
def test():return render_template("front/front_test.html")# 用户注册类视图
class SingupView(views.MethodView):def get(self)return_to = request.referrer# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.pyprint(safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to))              # 判断return_to是否来自站内，是否是安全url，防爬虫if return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):       # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，request.url是当前的url地址return render_template("front/front_signup.html", return_to=return_to)           # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signup.html")                                # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面# 验证码的form表单信息提交验证def post(self):form = SignupForm(request.form)                       # 收集表单信息# 表单验证通过if form.validate():# 保存到数据库telephone = form.telephone.datausername = form.username.datapassword = form.password1.data                    # forms表单信息# 前台用户模型数据添加到数据库user = Front_User(telephone=telephone, username=username, password=password)db.session.add(user)db.session.commit()                                                   # 提交到数据库# 表单验证通过，提交到数据库成功return restful.success()else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息验证出错# 用户登录的类视图
class SinginView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer                                                    # referrer是上一个urlif return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):  # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，判断url是否安全return render_template("front/front_signin.html", return_to=return_to)      # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signin.html")                           # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面def post(self):form = SigninForm(request.form)                                            # 登录界面的Form表单信息if form.validate():                                                        # 表单信息存在# 收集form表单信息telephone = form.telephone.datapassword = form.password.dataremember = form.remember.datauser = Front_User.query.filter_by(telephone=telephone).first()         # 通过手机号验证该用户是否存在数据库if user and user.check_password(password):                             # 判断密码和用户是否正确session['front_user_id'] = user.id                                       # 用户的id存储到session中，用于登录验证if remember:                                                       # 如果remember状态是1# session持久化session.permanent = Truereturn restful.success()                                           # 成功else:return restful.params_error(message="手机号或者密码错误")           # 密码是、用户不正确else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息不存在，输出异常信息#  帖子编辑提交  的类视图     富文本编辑
class PostView(views.MethodView):# 登录验证，实现帖子编辑前进行权限验证decorators = [login_required]def get(self):return render_template("front/front_apost.html")def post(self):pass# 绑定类视图的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("signup"))          # "signup"视图中不需要反斜线,决定了url_for的路由地址
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signin/", view_func=SinginView.as_view("signin"))          # "signin"视图中不需要反斜线
front_bp.add_url_rule("/apost/", view_func=PostView.as_view("apost"))              # 绑定帖子编辑提交路由

3、发布帖子信息前验证权限

保存g对象文件：apps/front/hooks.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : hooks.py
@Time    : 2020/5/13 9:36
@Author  : chen
保存g对象文件：apps/front/hooks.py
"""
from flask import request, session, url_for, redirect, g   # g对象全局变量gloabl，方便调用
from .views import front_bp
from .models import Front_User# 钩子函数 ,所有操作前执行该方法，判断当前界面是否是登录界面,不是就将url重定向到登录界面
@front_bp.before_request
def before_request():# 判断front_user_id是否登陆过，登录之后就返回用户名到前台页面if 'front_user_id' in session:user_id = session.get('front_user_id')        # 调用session中user_iduser = Front_User.query.get(user_id)    # 通过user_id查询到用户对象，方便前端界面调用对象中的字段属性if user:g.front_user = user                 # 赋值给g对象，全局变量g.front_user用于渲染到前台界面

前台模板界面：templates/front/front_base.html ，进行g对象渲染显示，权限管理

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport"content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>{% block title %} {% endblock %}</title><!--  bootstrap支持css，js的样式  --><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script><link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script><!--  关联front_index.html的css样式  --><link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_index.css') }}" rel="stylesheet"><link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_base.css') }}" rel="stylesheet"><!--  模板继承，补充内容使用  -->{% block head %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<!--  bootstrop中复制来的导航条  -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container-fluid"><!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#">BBS论坛</a></div><!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="active"><a href="/">首页 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li></ul><form class="navbar-form navbar-left"><div class="form-group"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button></form><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><!--     判断是否登录,没有g对象信息就进行登录           -->{% if g.front_user %}<li class="dropdown"><!--   {{ g.front_user.username }}   显示g对象信息 --><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">{{ g.front_user.username }}<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">个人中心</a></li><li><a href="#">设置</a></li><li><a href="#">退出登录</a></li></ul></li>{% else %}<!--    关联登录注册的url，front.signin是类视图中路由决定     --><li><a href="{{ url_for('front.signin') }}">登陆</a></li><li><a href="{{ url_for('front.signup') }}">注册</a></li>{% endif %}</ul></div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --></div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<!--   bootstrop中复制的导航条代码结束 --><!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py,导入验证前台登录信息装饰器decorators.py文件。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前台的蓝图文件  类视图函数写在这里
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, views, make_response, request, session  # make_response生成response对象，用于返回前端模板# 导入图像验证码生成文件
from utils.captcha import Captcha# 图形验证码image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用
from io import BytesIO# 将图形验证码保存到Redis         restful输出信息弹窗
from utils import redis_captcha, restful# 验证码表单信息验证   登录、注册的Form表单信息收集
from .forms import SignupForm
from .forms import SigninForm# 导入前台用户模型
from .models import Front_User# 导入数据库连接 db
from exts import db# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.py
from utils import safe_url# 导入轮播图模型BannerModel
from apps.cms.models import BannerModel
# 导入板块管理模型
from apps.cms.models import BoardModel# 导入前台界面权限验证装饰器
from .decorators import login_requiredfront_bp = Blueprint("front", __name__)          # 前端不用前缀，直接在首页显示，front是蓝图，在front_signup.html调用生成图形验证码时候需要用# 权限验证  需要在front_bp产生后，再导入
from .hooks import before_request# BBS的首页界面路由
@front_bp.route("/")
def index():banners = BannerModel.query.order_by(BannerModel.priority.desc()).limit(4)   # 通过权重查询，每页显示4条boards = BoardModel.query.all()                                              # 查询板块中的所有board_id = request.args.get('board_id', type=int, default=None)              # get方法需要使用args，注意这里的数据类型需要改成intcontext = {                                                                  # 多种数据传输到前台界面"banners": banners,"boards": boards,"current_board_id": board_id,}return render_template("front/front_index.html", **context)            # 渲染到首页界面,查询数据传输到前台界面# 图形验证码路由
@front_bp.route("/captcha/")
def graph_captcha():try:                                                 # 异常处理# 图像验证码生成文件中返回两个参数   text, imagetext, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()      # 生成图形验证码，image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用print("发送的图形验证码是：{}".format(text))# 将图形验证码保存到Redis数据库中redis_captcha.redis_set(text.lower(), text.lower())  # redis_set中需要传参key和value，text没有唯一对应的key，只能都传参text# BytesIO是生成的字节流out = BytesIO()image.save(out, 'png')                          # 把图片image保存在字节流中，并指定为png格式# 文件流指针out.seek(0)                                     # 从字节流最初开始读取# 生成response对象，用于返回前端模板中resp = make_response(out.read())resp.content_type = 'image/png'                 # 指定数据类型except:return graph_captcha()                          # 没有生成验证码就再调用一次return resp                                         # 返回对象# 测试referrer的跳转
@front_bp.route("/test/")
def test():return render_template("front/front_test.html")# 用户注册类视图
class SingupView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.pyprint(safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to))              # 判断return_to是否来自站内，是否是安全url，防爬虫if return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):       # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，request.url是当前的url地址return render_template("front/front_signup.html", return_to=return_to)           # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signup.html")                                # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面# 验证码的form表单信息提交验证def post(self):form = SignupForm(request.form)                       # 收集表单信息# 表单验证通过if form.validate():# 保存到数据库telephone = form.telephone.datausername = form.username.datapassword = form.password1.data                    # forms表单信息# 前台用户模型数据添加到数据库user = Front_User(telephone=telephone, username=username, password=password)db.session.add(user)db.session.commit()                                                   # 提交到数据库# 表单验证通过，提交到数据库成功return restful.success()else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息验证出错# 用户登录的类视图
class SinginView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer                                                    # referrer是上一个urlif return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):  # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，判断url是否安全return render_template("front/front_signin.html", return_to=return_to)      # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signin.html")                           # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面def post(self):form = SigninForm(request.form)                                            # 登录界面的Form表单信息if form.validate():                                                        # 表单信息存在# 收集form表单信息telephone = form.telephone.datapassword = form.password.dataremember = form.remember.datauser = Front_User.query.filter_by(telephone=telephone).first()         # 通过手机号验证该用户是否存在数据库if user and user.check_password(password):                             # 判断密码和用户是否正确# 'front_user_id'命名防止与后台验证session相同，会产生覆盖情况bugsession['front_user_id'] = user.id                                 # 用户的id存储到session中，用于登录验证if remember:                                                       # 如果remember状态是1# session持久化session.permanent = Truereturn restful.success()                                           # 成功else:return restful.params_error(message="手机号或者密码错误")           # 密码是、用户不正确else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息不存在，输出异常信息#  帖子编辑提交  的类视图     富文本编辑
class PostView(views.MethodView):# 登录验证，实现帖子编辑前进行权限验证decorators = [login_required]def get(self):return render_template("front/front_apost.html")def post(self):pass# 绑定类视图的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("signup"))          # "signup"视图中不需要反斜线,决定了url_for的路由地址
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signin/", view_func=SinginView.as_view("signin"))          # "signin"视图中不需要反斜线
front_bp.add_url_rule("/apost/", view_func=PostView.as_view("apost"))              # 绑定帖子编辑提交路由

实现效果如下：

4、帖子模型搭建

虚拟环境添加依赖库：

前台模型文件 apps/front/models.py，创建帖子编辑提交模型，且实现将用户输入的content文件text类型转换成content_html的html文件方法。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : models.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 10:00
@Author  : chen
前台模型文件 apps/front/models.py
"""
# 前台管理的模型
from exts import db                   # 数据库连接
import shortuuid                      # 前台用户id加密
from datetime import datetime
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash         # 导入密码加密，解密方法的库
import enum                           # 导入枚举
from markdown import markdown         # 导入帖子编辑的markdown显示功能库
import bleach        # 导入帖子编辑的markdown显示功能库# 性别选择的类
class GenderEnum(enum.Enum):MALE = 1FEMALE = 2SECRET = 3UNKNOW = 4#   前台用户模型类
class Front_User(db.Model):__tablename__ = "front_user"# id 类型不用db.Integer类型，使用String是为了防止爆破，同时使用shortuuid进行加密id = db.Column(db.String(100), primary_key=True, default=shortuuid.uuid)telephone = db.Column(db.String(11), nullable=False, unique=True)             # 非空唯一username = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)_password = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)                         # 密码加密操作修改字段email = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)realname = db.Column(db.String(50))avatar = db.Column(db.String(150))                                            # 头像，二进制数据signatrue = db.Column(db.String(500))                                         # 签名gender = db.Column(db.Enum(GenderEnum), default=GenderEnum.UNKNOW)            # 性别枚举类，默认未知join_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)  # 默认当前时间# 修改密码加密操作，manage.py映射数据库时候，使用字段保持相同，由于字段太多，使用传参形式def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):if 'password' in kwargs:                       # 如果传参中包含有passwordself.password = kwargs.get('password')     # 获取该参数值赋值给passwordkwargs.pop('password')                     # 模型参数中是_password，不是password，弹出# super(FrontUser, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)   # python2的写法super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)# 密码加密操作@propertydef password(self):             # 密码取值return self._password@password.setter                # 密码加密def password(self, raw_password):self._password = generate_password_hash(raw_password)# 用于验证前台登录密码是否和数据库一致，raw_password是前台登录输入的密码def check_password(self, raw_password):result = check_password_hash(self.password, raw_password)  # 相当于用相同的hash加密算法加密raw_password，检测与数据库中是否一致return result# 帖子编辑提交模型
class PostModel(db.Model):__tablename__ = "post"id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=True)                                      # 帖子标题content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True)                                           # 帖子内容content_html = db.Column(db.Text)create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)                            # 默认当前时间# 外键，用于查询排序board_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('cms_board.id'))      # 'cms_board.id'中cms_board是cms/models.py的表名author_id = db.Column(db.String(100), db.ForeignKey('front_user.id'))# 这里的id使用String是因为上面定义前台用户id时，使用的就是Str类型shortuuid# 反向查询属性,board = db.relationship("BoardModel", backref="posts")              # posts变成cms/models/BoardModel的属性author = db.relationship("Front_User", backref="posts")             # posts变成Front_User的属性# 实现将用户输入的content文件text类型转换成content_html的html文件，再进行存储@staticmethoddef content_to_content_html(target, value, oldvalue, initiator):# content_html文件中允许使用的标签集合allowed_tags = ['a', 'abbr', 'acronym', 'b', 'blockquote', 'code', 'em', 'i', 'ol', 'pre','strong', 'ul', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'p', 'img', 'video', 'div', 'iframe','p', 'br', 'span', 'hr', 'src', 'class']# content_html文件中允许使用的属性allowed_attrs = {'*': ['class'],'a': ['href', 'rel'],'img': ['src', 'alt']}# 目标文件content_html，由bleach库进行转换         markdown将源文件显示成html文件target.content_html = bleach.linkify(bleach.clean(markdown(value, output_format='html'),                                # output_format='html'输出格式为htmltags=allowed_tags, strip=True, attributes=allowed_attrs))             # strip=True去空格# 监听PostModel.content文件如果调用了set方法，就调用content_to_content_html方法进行转换格式到html文件
db.event.listen(PostModel.content, 'set', PostModel.content_to_content_html)

映射模型到数据库中文件： manage.py ，导入模型。
再将模型映射到数据库中，如下：

5、发布帖子功能

发布帖子的表单信息文件，前台表单信息：apps/front/forms.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : forms.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 10:00
@Author  : chen
前台表单信息：apps/front/forms.py
"""
# 前台form表单信息
from wtforms import Form, StringField, IntegerField, ValidationError
from wtforms.validators import EqualTo, Email, InputRequired, Length, Regexp
from utils import random_captcha                                               # 随机生成验证码
from utils import redis_captcha                                                # 保存验证码到redis数据库中# 表单信息的父类文件
class BaseForm(Form):def get_error(self):message = self.errors.popitem()[1][0]          # 错误信息的收集，字典类型数据信息提取return message# 注册界面的Form表单类
class SignupForm(BaseForm):telephone = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'1[345789]\d{9}', message="请输入正确格式的手机号")])sms_captcha = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'\w{4}', message="请输入正确格式的验证码")])              # \w包含字母username = StringField(validators=[Length(min=2, max=15, message="请输入正确长度的用户名")])password1 = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'[0-9a-zA-Z_\.]{3,20}', message="请输入正确格式的密码")])password2 = StringField(validators=[EqualTo('password1', message="两次输入密码不一致")])graph_captcha = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'\w{4}', message="请输入正确格式的验证码")])# 验证手机验证码字段def validate_sms_captcha(self, field):telephone = self.telephone.datasms_captcha = self.sms_captcha.data                            # 获得表单信息sms_captcha_redis = redis_captcha.redis_get(telephone)         # redis数据库中根据手机号调验证码，进行判定是否相同# 判断用户输入的验证码和redis中取出的验证码是否相同if not sms_captcha_redis or sms_captcha_redis.lower() != sms_captcha.lower():raise ValidationError(message="手机验证码输入错误")# 图形验证码字段验证def validate_graph_captcha(self, field):graph_captcha = self.graph_captcha.data                                 # 表单信息收集graph_captcha_redis = redis_captcha.redis_get(graph_captcha)            # redis中是将验证码的text当做key来保存的，调用也是一样# 判定图形验证码是否一致if not graph_captcha_redis or graph_captcha_redis.lower() != graph_captcha.lower():# print("ceshi")raise ValidationError(message="图形验证码输入错误")# 登录界面的Form表单信息收集
class SigninForm(BaseForm):telephone = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'1[345789]\d{9}', message="请输入正确格式的手机号")])password = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'[0-9a-zA-Z_\.]{3,20}', message="请输入正确格式的密码")])remember = StringField(IntegerField())# 帖子的Form表单信息收集
class AddPostForm(BaseForm):title = StringField(validators=[InputRequired(message="请输入标题")])content = StringField(validators=[InputRequired(message="请输入内容")])board_id = StringField(validators=[InputRequired(message="请输入板块名称")])

前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py， 帖子编辑提交post方法编写。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前台的蓝图文件  类视图函数写在这里
from flask import (Blueprint,render_template,views,make_response,                  # make_response生成response对象，用于返回前端模板request,session,g,
)# 导入图像验证码生成文件
from utils.captcha import Captcha# 图形验证码image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用
from io import BytesIO# 将图形验证码保存到Redis         restful输出信息弹窗
from utils import redis_captcha, restful# 验证码表单信息验证
from .forms import (SignupForm,               # 注册的Form表单信息收集SigninForm,               # 登录的Form表单信息收集AddPostForm,              # 帖子提交表单信息
)# 导入前台用户模型
from .models import (Front_User,PostModel,
)# 导入数据库连接 db
from exts import db# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.py
from utils import safe_urlfrom apps.cms.models import (BannerModel,                      # 导入后台轮播图模型BannerModelBoardModel,                       # 导入后台板块管理模型
)
# 导入前台界面权限验证装饰器
from .decorators import login_requiredfront_bp = Blueprint("front", __name__)          # 前端不用前缀，直接在首页显示，front是蓝图，在front_signup.html调用生成图形验证码时候需要用# 权限验证  需要在front_bp产生后，再导入
from .hooks import before_request# BBS的首页界面路由
@front_bp.route("/")
def index():banners = BannerModel.query.order_by(BannerModel.priority.desc()).limit(4)   # 通过权重查询，每页显示4条boards = BoardModel.query.all()                                              # 查询板块中的所有board_id = request.args.get('board_id', type=int, default=None)              # get方法需要使用args，注意这里的数据类型需要改成intcontext = {                                                                  # 多种数据传输到前台界面"banners": banners,"boards": boards,"current_board_id": board_id,}return render_template("front/front_index.html", **context)            # 渲染到首页界面,查询数据传输到前台界面# 图形验证码路由
@front_bp.route("/captcha/")
def graph_captcha():try:                                                 # 异常处理# 图像验证码生成文件中返回两个参数   text, imagetext, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()      # 生成图形验证码，image是二进制数据，需要转换成字节流才能使用print("发送的图形验证码是：{}".format(text))# 将图形验证码保存到Redis数据库中redis_captcha.redis_set(text.lower(), text.lower())  # redis_set中需要传参key和value，text没有唯一对应的key，只能都传参text# BytesIO是生成的字节流out = BytesIO()image.save(out, 'png')                          # 把图片image保存在字节流中，并指定为png格式# 文件流指针out.seek(0)                                     # 从字节流最初开始读取# 生成response对象，用于返回前端模板中resp = make_response(out.read())resp.content_type = 'image/png'                 # 指定数据类型except:return graph_captcha()                          # 没有生成验证码就再调用一次return resp                                         # 返回对象# 测试referrer的跳转
@front_bp.route("/test/")
def test():return render_template("front/front_test.html")# 用户注册类视图
class SingupView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer# 确保URL安全的文件：utils/safe_url.pyprint(safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to))              # 判断return_to是否来自站内，是否是安全url，防爬虫if return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):       # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，request.url是当前的url地址return render_template("front/front_signup.html", return_to=return_to)           # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signup.html")                                # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面# 验证码的form表单信息提交验证def post(self):form = SignupForm(request.form)                       # 收集表单信息# 表单验证通过if form.validate():# 保存到数据库telephone = form.telephone.datausername = form.username.datapassword = form.password1.data                    # forms表单信息# 前台用户模型数据添加到数据库user = Front_User(telephone=telephone, username=username, password=password)db.session.add(user)db.session.commit()                                                   # 提交到数据库# 表单验证通过，提交到数据库成功return restful.success()else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息验证出错# 用户登录的类视图
class SinginView(views.MethodView):def get(self):return_to = request.referrer                                                    # referrer是上一个urlif return_to and return_to != request.url and safe_url.is_safe_url(return_to):  # 跳转的url不能是当前页面，判断url是否安全return render_template("front/front_signin.html", return_to=return_to)      # return_to渲染到前端界面else:return render_template("front/front_signin.html")                           # 如果没获取url,直接渲染注册界面def post(self):form = SigninForm(request.form)                                            # 登录界面的Form表单信息if form.validate():                                                        # 表单信息存在# 收集form表单信息telephone = form.telephone.datapassword = form.password.dataremember = form.remember.datauser = Front_User.query.filter_by(telephone=telephone).first()         # 通过手机号验证该用户是否存在数据库if user and user.check_password(password):                             # 判断密码和用户是否正确# 'front_user_id'命名防止与后台验证session相同，会产生覆盖情况bugsession['front_user_id'] = user.id                                 # 用户的id存储到session中，用于登录验证if remember:                                                       # 如果remember状态是1# session持久化session.permanent = Truereturn restful.success()                                           # 成功else:return restful.params_error(message="手机号或者密码错误")           # 密码是、用户不正确else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                  # 表单信息不存在，输出异常信息#  帖子编辑提交  的类视图     富文本编辑
class PostView(views.MethodView):# 登录验证，实现帖子编辑前进行权限验证decorators = [login_required]# 表单信息收集，传输def get(self):# 查询boards数据进行传输boards = BoardModel.query.all()                                           # boards是list类型return render_template("front/front_apost.html", boards=boards)           # boards数据传输到前端front_apost.html页面# 帖子的Form表单信息收集查询def post(self):form = AddPostForm(request.form)                     # 查询帖子提交的Form表单信息if form.validate():title = form.title.databoard_id = form.board_id.data                    # 收集表单中提交的信息content = form.content.data# 查询用户信息是否在数据库中存在board = BoardModel.query.get(board_id)if not board:return restful.params_error(message="没有这个版块名称")           # 数据库中不存在，返回异常信息# 数据库中board信息存在，传输数据到数据库表中，并修改名称post = PostModel(title=title, board_id=board_id, content=content)post.board = board                                                   # 外键中的信息修改赋值post.author = g.front_user                                           # g对象db.session.add(post)db.session.commit()return restful.success()                                             # 提交成功，为json数据else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())# 绑定类视图的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("signup"))          # "signup"视图中不需要反斜线,决定了url_for的路由地址
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signin/", view_func=SinginView.as_view("signin"))          # "signin"视图中不需要反斜线
front_bp.add_url_rule("/apost/", view_func=PostView.as_view("apost"))              # 绑定帖子编辑提交路由

帖子编辑界面：templates/front/front_apost.html

{% extends 'front/front_base.html' %}{% block title %}发布帖子
{% endblock %}<!--补充内容-->
{% block head %}<!--  富文本编辑器关联样式  --><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/css/editormd.css') }}"/><script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='front/js/jquery.min.js') }}"></script><script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/editormd.min.js') }}"></script>
{% endblock %}<!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}<div class="main-container"><form action="" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"><div class="form-group"><div class="input-group"><span class="input-group-addon">标题</span><input type="text" class="form-control" name="title"></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="input-group"><span class="input-group-addon">板块</span><!--     name="board_id"是帖子的Form表单信息中的字段       --><select name="board_id" class="form-control"><!--     boards数据循环渲染到前端页面，value="{{ board.id }}"中通过id的值传输{{ board.name }}str         -->{% for board in boards %}<option value="{{ board.id }}">{{ board.name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div></div><!--   绑定id为editor    --><div id="editor" class="form-group"><!--     name="content"是帖子的Form表单信息中的字段       --><textarea name="content" id="TextContent" ></textarea></div><div class="form-group"><button class="btn btn-danger" id="submit-btn">发布帖子</button></div>
</form><script type="text/javascript">var testEditor;$(function () {testEditor = editormd("editor", {                                             // 绑定editorwidth: "100%",height: 640,syncScrolling: "single",path: "{{ url_for('static',filename='editormd/lib/') }}",                 // 存储路径// 上传图片imageUpload : true,imageFormats : [ "jpg", "jpeg", "gif", "png", "bmp", "webp" ],// 上传图片时指定调用后台的视图函数imageUploadURL : "",});});</script>
</div>{% endblock %}

关联js样式文件：static/front/js/front_apost.js

// 帖子提交页面关联的js样式：static/front/js/front_apost.js
$(function () {// 提交按钮绑定方法$("#submit-btn").click(function (event) {event.preventDefault();var titleInput = $('input[name="title"]');                      // 收集Form表单填入的信息var boardSelect = $("select[name='board_id']");var contentText = $("textarea[name='content']");var title = titleInput.val();var board_id = boardSelect.val();var content = contentText.val();lgajax.post({'url': '/apost/',                               // 上传路由'data': {                                       // 表单信息'title': title,'content':content,'board_id': board_id},'success': function (data) {if(data['code'] == 200){lgalert.alertConfirm({'msg': '恭喜！帖子发表成功！',                      // 弹出提示框'cancelText': '回到首页','confirmText': '再发一篇','cancelCallback': function () {window.location = '/';                          // 返回首页路由},'confirmCallback': function () {titleInput.val("");                            // 再发一篇，将页面标题清空contentText.val("");                           // 再发一篇，将页面内容清空}});}else{lgalert.alertInfo(data['message']);}}});});
});var lgajax = {'get':function(args) {args['method'] = 'get';this.ajax(args);},'post':function(args) {args['method'] = 'post';this.ajax(args);},'ajax':function(args) {// 设置csrftokenthis._ajaxSetup();$.ajax(args);},'_ajaxSetup': function() {$.ajaxSetup({'beforeSend':function(xhr,settings) {if (!/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/i.test(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {var csrftoken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken)}}});}
};

模板文件添加CSRF验证和提示框样式文件：templates/front/front_base.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport"content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><!--  在头文件中接收csrf信息  --><meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}"><title>{% block title %} {% endblock %}</title><!--  bootstrap支持css，js的样式  --><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script><link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script><!--  关联front_index.html的css样式  --><link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_index.css') }}" rel="stylesheet"><link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_base.css') }}" rel="stylesheet"><!--  提示框的静态资源文件  --><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.css') }}"><!-- 关联提示框的js样式  --><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/lgalert.js') }}"></script><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.min.js') }}"></script><!--  模板继承，补充内容使用  -->{% block head %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<!--  bootstrop中复制来的导航条  -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container-fluid"><!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#">BBS论坛</a></div><!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="active"><a href="/">首页 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li></ul><form class="navbar-form navbar-left"><div class="form-group"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button></form><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><!--     判断是否登录,没有g对象信息就进行登录           -->{% if g.front_user %}<li class="dropdown"><!--   {{ g.front_user.username }}   显示g对象信息 --><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">{{ g.front_user.username }}<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">个人中心</a></li><li><a href="#">设置</a></li><li><a href="#">退出登录</a></li></ul></li>{% else %}<!--    关联登录注册的url，front.signin是类视图中路由决定     --><li><a href="{{ url_for('front.signin') }}">登陆</a></li><li><a href="{{ url_for('front.signup') }}">注册</a></li>{% endif %}</ul></div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --></div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<!--   bootstrop中复制的导航条代码结束 --><!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

实现效果如下：

6、帖子信息渲染到前后台页面

视图文件:apps/cms/views.py文件，数据库查询帖子信息，进行传输到后端页面渲染

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
视图文件:apps/cms/views.py文件
"""
# 蓝图文件：实现模块化应用，应用可以分解成一系列的蓝图   后端的类视图函数写在这个文件
from flask import (request, redirect, url_for,                      # 页面跳转redirect   request请求收集Blueprint, render_template, views, session,      # 定义类视图，显示模板文件jsonify, g                                       # jsonify强制转换成json数据
)
from exts import db, mail                            # 数据库中更新密码、邮箱等使用from apps.cms.forms import (LoginForm, ResetPwdForm,                        # ResetPwdForm修改密码的form信息ResetEmailForm,                                 # 导入forms.py文件中的邮箱验证的表单信息类AddBannerForm,                                  # 导入 添加轮播图 的表单信息UpdateBannerForm,                               # 导入 更新轮播图 的表单信息AddBoardsForm,                                  # 导入 增加板块管理 的表单信息UpdateBoardsForm,                               # 导入 编辑板块管理 的表单信息
)from apps.cms.models import (CMS_User,                                       # 后台用户模型CMSPersmission,                                 # CMSPersmission验证用户不同模块权限CMSRole,                                        # 用户角色模型BannerModel,                                    # 导入 轮播图模型BannerModelBoardModel,                                     # 导入 板块管理模型
)
# 导入 帖子 模型文件
from apps.front.models import PostModelfrom .decorators import permission_required            # 传参装饰器验证用户不同模块权限# 导入装饰器：判断当前界面是否是登录界面,不是就将url重定向到登录界面,一般不用，使用的主要是钩子函数
from .decorators import login_required# 导入restful.py中的访问网页状态码的函数          redis_captcha：redis存储、提取、删除验证码功能
from utils import restful, random_captcha, redis_captcha           # 随机生成验证码函数random_captcha()# 导入flask-mail中的Message
from flask_mail import Messagecms_bp = Blueprint("cms", __name__, url_prefix='/cms/')     # URL前缀url_prefix# 钩子函数是在cms_bp创建之后才创建的，顺序在cms_bp创建之后
from .hooks import before_request@cms_bp.route("/")                                          # 后台界面
# @login_required             # 装饰器判定当前界面是否是登录界面，但是需要每个路由函数都要加该装饰器，比较麻烦，推荐使用钩子函数
def index():# return "cms index：后端类视图文件"return render_template('cms/cms_index.html')  # 登陆之后进入CMS后台管理界面# 用户注销登录
@cms_bp.route("/logout/")                              # 需要关联到cms/cms_index.html中的注销属性
def logout():# session清除user_iddel session['user_id']# 重定向到登录界面return redirect(url_for('cms.login'))             # 重定向(redirec)为把url变为重定向的url# 定义个人中心的路由
@cms_bp.route("/profile/")
def profile():return render_template("cms/cms_profile.html")   # 模板渲染(render_template)则不会改变url，模板渲染是用模板来渲染请求的url# 定义类视图，显示模板文件   用户登录功能实现
class LoginView(views.MethodView):def get(self, message=None):                                         # message=None时候不传输信息到cms_login.html页面return render_template("cms/cms_login.html", message=message)    # 针对post方法中同样要返回到cms_login.html页面进行代码简化# 用户登录操作验证def post(self):# 收集表单信息login_form = LoginForm(request.form)if login_form.validate():# 数据库验证email = login_form.email.datapassword = login_form.password.dataremember = login_form.remember.data# 查询数据库中的用户信息user = CMS_User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()    # 邮箱唯一，用于查询验证用户if user and user.check_password(password):              # 验证用户和密码是否都正确session['user_id'] = user.id                        # 查询到用户数据时，保存session的id到浏览器if remember:                                        # 如果用户点击了remember选择，在浏览器中进行数据持久化session.permanent = True                        # 数据持久化，默认31天，需要设置session_key在config.py中# 登录成功，跳转到后台首页return redirect(url_for('cms.index'))               # 在蓝图中必须加cms   跳转到index方法else:return self.get(message="邮箱或密码错误")             # 传参到get方法中，多加一个传输错误信息的参数到方法中else:return self.get(message=login_form.get_error())            # login_form是收集到的表单信息，信息提取放置到forms.py的父类中实现# 修改密码的类视图验证
class ResetPwd(views.MethodView):def get(self):return render_template('cms/cms_resetpwd.html')         # 模板渲染到cms_resetpwd.html# post提交密码修改def post(self):# 先审查旧密码是否与数据库中的信息相同form = ResetPwdForm(request.form)if form.validate():oldpwd = form.oldpwd.datanewpwd = form.newpwd.data# 对象user = g.cms_user# 将用户输入的密码进行加密检测是否与数据库中的相同if user.check_password(oldpwd):# 更新我的密码  将新密码赋值，此时的新密码已经经过验证二次密码是否一致user.password = newpwd         # user.password已经调用了models.py中的 @property装饰器进行密码加密# 数据库更新db.session.commit()# return jsonify({"code": 400, "message": "密码修改成功"})        # 代码改写为下面return restful.success("密码修改成功")             # 调用restful.py中定义的访问网页成功的函数else:return restful.params_error(message="旧密码输入错误")      # 参数错误else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())       # 参数错误，信息的收集在forms.py的父类函数中实现  form是收集到的信息# 定义修改邮箱的类视图 验证
class ResetEmail(views.MethodView):def get(self):return render_template("cms/cms_resetemail.html")      # 返回到修改邮箱页面urldef post(self):form = ResetEmailForm(request.form)                    # 接收邮箱验证的form表单信息if form.validate():                                    # 验证表单信息是否通过email = form.email.data                            # 获取form表单中填写的邮箱地址g.cms_user.email = email                           # 数据库中的查询在apps/cms/hooks.py文件中确定了该用户的数据库信息,用全局对象g.cms_user修改邮箱db.session.commit()return restful.success()                           # 邮箱修改成功else:return restful.params_error(form.get_error())      # form是这个类中的所有表单信息# 发送测试邮件进行验证
@cms_bp.route("/send_email/")
def send_mail():message = Message('邮件发送', recipients=['727506892@qq.com'], body='测试邮件发送')   # 主题：邮件发送;收件人：recipients;邮件内容：测试邮件发送mail.send(message)                   # 发送邮件return "邮件已发送"# 邮件发送
class EmailCaptcha(views.MethodView):def get(self):                                  # 根据resetemail.js中的ajax方法来写函数，不需要post请求email = request.args.get('email')           # 查询email参数是否存在if not email:return restful.params_error('请传递邮箱参数')# 发送邮件，内容为一个验证码：4、6位数字英文组合captcha = random_captcha.get_random_captcha(4)            # 生成4位验证码message = Message('BBS论坛邮箱验证码', recipients=[email], body='您的验证码是：%s' % captcha)# 异常处理try:mail.send(message)except:return restful.server_error(message="服务器错误，邮件验证码未发送！")   # 发送异常，服务器错误# 验证码保存，一般有时效性，且频繁请求变化，所以保存在Redis中redis_captcha.redis_set(key=email, value=captcha)        # redis中都是键值对类型，存储验证码return restful.success("邮件验证码发送成功！")# 轮播图管理路由
@cms_bp.route("/banners/")
def banners():# 通过模型中定义的权重priority的倒叙来排序banners = BannerModel.query.order_by(BannerModel.priority.desc()).all()return render_template("cms/cms_banners.html", banners=banners)           # 传输banners数据到cms_banners.html界面渲染# 添加轮播图功能路由，且方法需要与static/cms/js/banners.js中绑定的方法POST相同
@cms_bp.route("/abanner/", methods=['POST'])
def abanner():form = AddBannerForm(request.form)                  # 接收添加轮播图的form表单信息if form.validate():name = form.name.dataimage_url = form.image_url.datalink_url = form.link_url.datapriority = form.priority.databanner = BannerModel(name=name, image_url=image_url, link_url=link_url, priority=priority)     # 轮播图模型db.session.add(banner)                                                                         # 提交数据库db.session.commit()return restful.success()                                                                       # 轮播图信息提交成功else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())                                          # 表单信息错误# 修改 轮播图 路由，方法与static/cms/js/banners.js中绑定的方法POST相同
@cms_bp.route("/ubanner/", methods=['POST'])
def ubanner():# 修改根据banner_id查询再修改form = UpdateBannerForm(request.form)             # 表单信息UpdateBannerForm中的requestif form.validate():                                # 先查询页面表单信息是否存在banner_id = form.banner_id.data               # 收集用户输入的表单信息name = form.name.dataimage_url = form.image_url.datalink_url = form.link_url.datapriority = form.priority.databanner = BannerModel.query.get(banner_id)     # 通过轮播图的模型BannerModel的banner_id查询数据库中轮播图对象if banner:                                     # 再查询数据库对象数据是否存在banner.name = name                        # 将UpdateBannerForm中收集到的form信息命名给数据库中的banner对象banner.image_url = image_urlbanner.link_url = link_urlbanner.priority = prioritydb.session.commit()                       # 数据库信息直接提交修改即可，不用添加新的对象return restful.success()else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())    # 表单信息错误# 删除  轮播图路由，路由命名与banners.js绑定
@cms_bp.route("/dbanner/", methods=['POST'])
def dbanner():# 修改根据banner_id查询再修改，获取post请求参数         get请求方式使用request.args.get()banner_id = request.form.get('banner_id')            # 获取表单数据，这里没有单独创建删除的Form表单，使用之前创建的if not banner_id:return restful.params_error(message="轮播图不存在")banner = BannerModel.query.get(banner_id)           # 根据banner_id查询数据库if banner:db.session.delete(banner)                       # 删除该bannerdb.session.commit()return restful.success()                        # 返回成功else:return restful.params_error("轮播图不存在")      # 根据banner_id查询数据库信息不存在# 帖子管理路由 ，需要和cms_base.js中命名的相同才可以
@cms_bp.route("/posts/")
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.POSTER)                # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def posts():posts = PostModel.query.all()                          # 数据库查询帖子信息，进行传输到后端页面渲染return render_template("cms/cms_posts.html", posts=posts)# 评论管理路由
@cms_bp.route("/comments/")
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.COMMENTER)             # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def comments():return render_template("cms/cms_comments.html")# 板块管理路由
@cms_bp.route("/boards/")
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.BOARDER)               # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def boards():boards = BoardModel.query.all()                        # 数据库查询所有板块名称return render_template("cms/cms_boards.html", boards=boards)        # 数据渲染到cms_boards.html# 增加 板块管理名称 路由,与static/cms/js/banners.js中绑定的方法、路由要相同
@cms_bp.route("/aboard/", methods=['POST'])
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.BOARDER)               # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def aboards():form = AddBoardsForm(request.form)                     # 表单信息传输过来，方便修改调用if form.validate():name = form.name.data                              # 表单信息收集board = BoardModel(name=name)                      # 添加信息到板块模型中db.session.add(board)db.session.commit()                                # 提交数据库return restful.success()                           # 数据库添加成功else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())    # 表单信息错误# 编辑 板块管理名称 路由,与static/cms/js/banners.js中绑定的方法、路由要相同
@cms_bp.route("/uboard/", methods=['POST'])
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.BOARDER)             # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def uboards():form = UpdateBoardsForm(request.form)                # 表单信息传输过来，方便修改调用if form.validate():board_id = form.board_id.data                    # 表单信息收集name = form.name.databoard = BoardModel.query.get(board_id)           # 根据表单中提交的board_id查询数据库中对象信息if board:board.name = name                            # 表单中提交的name命名给数据库中对象的名字db.session.commit()                          # 修改数据后提交数据库return restful.success()                     # 数据库修改成功else:return restful.params_error(message="没有这个分类板块")  # 数据库中对象信息不存在else:return restful.params_error(message=form.get_error())  # 表单信息错误# 删除 板块管理名称 路由,与static/cms/js/banners.js中绑定的方法、路由要相同
@cms_bp.route("/dboard/", methods=['POST'])
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.BOARDER)             # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def dboards():board_id = request.form.get('board_id')                  # 查询表单信息中的board_id，这里没有单独创建删除的Form表单，使用之前创建的if not board_id:return restful.params_error(message="分类板块不存在")  # 表单信息不存在board = BoardModel.query.get(board_id)               # 根据表单中提交的board_id查询数据库中对象信息,注意.getif not board:return restful.params_error(message="分类板块不存在")  # 数据库中对象信息不存在db.session.delete(board)                             # 删除数据库中的信息db.session.commit()                                  # 提交数据库修改return restful.success()                             # 删除成功# 前台用户管理路由
@cms_bp.route("/fusers/")
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.FRONTUSER)             # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def fuser():return render_template("cms/cms_fuser.html")# 后用户管理路由
@cms_bp.route("/cusers/")
@permission_required(CMSPersmission.CMSUSER)               # 传参装饰器验证不同用户不同模块权限
def cuser():return render_template("cms/cms_cuser.html")# 添加登录路由
cms_bp.add_url_rule("/login/", view_func=LoginView.as_view('login'))    # view_func 命名操作名字，"/login/"路由地址# 类视图函数添加绑定路由  注意类视图需要修改ResetPwd.as_view('resetpwd')
cms_bp.add_url_rule("/resetpwd/", view_func=ResetPwd.as_view('resetpwd'))  # view_func 命名操作名字，/resetpwd/路由地址# 添加修改邮箱的类视图路由绑定，路由的命名和cms_base.js中的命名要相同，否则不关联，url=/resetemail/必须要和resetemail.js中的ajax绑定的路由相同
cms_bp.add_url_rule("/resetemail/", view_func=ResetEmail.as_view('resetemail'))# 绑定路由，路由的命名和cms_base.js中的命名要相同，必须要和resetemail.js中的ajax绑定的路由相同
cms_bp.add_url_rule("/email_captcha/", view_func=EmailCaptcha.as_view('email_captcha'))

后台管理帖子页面：templates/cms/cms_posts.html

<!--  后台管理帖子页面：templates/cms/cms_posts.html  --><!--  继承模板文件cms/cms_base.html  简化代码 -->
{% extends 'cms/cms_base.html' %}<!-- 页面标题 -->
{% block title %}帖子管理
{% endblock %}{% block head %}<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='cms/js/posts.js') }}"></script>
{% endblock %}<!--  标题  -->
{% block page_title %}{{self.title()}}
{% endblock %}{% block content %}<table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>标题</th><th>发布时间</th><th>板块</th><th>作者</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody><!--   循环渲染帖子信息     -->{% for post in posts  %}<tr data-id="1" data-highlight=""><td><a target="_blank" href="#">{{ post.title }}</a></td><td>{{ post.create_time }}</td><!--    post.board是PostModel中的board反向查询属性，name是BoardModel中的name字段    --><td>{{ post.board.name }}</td><!--    post.author是PostModel中的author反向查询属性，username是Front_User中的username字段            --><td>{{ post.author.username }}</td><td><!-- <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs highlight-btn">取消加精</button> --><button class="btn btn-default btn-xs highlight-btn">加精</button><button class="btn btn-danger btn-xs">移除</button></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table>
{% endblock %}

关联后端帖子管理js样式文件：static/cms/js/posts.js

var lgajax = {'get':function(args) {args['method'] = 'get';this.ajax(args);},'post':function(args) {args['method'] = 'post';this.ajax(args);},'ajax':function(args) {// 设置csrftokenthis._ajaxSetup();$.ajax(args);},'_ajaxSetup': function() {$.ajaxSetup({'beforeSend':function(xhr,settings) {if (!/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/i.test(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {var csrftoken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken)}}});}
};$(function () {$(".highlight-btn").click(function () {var self = $(this);var tr = self.parent().parent();var post_id = tr.attr("data-id");var highlight = parseInt(tr.attr("data-highlight"));var url = "";if(highlight){url = "/cms/uhpost/";}else{url = "/cms/hpost/";}lgajax.post({'url': url,'data': {'post_id': post_id},'success': function (data) {if(data['code'] == 200){lgalert.alertSuccessToast('操作成功！');setTimeout(function () {window.location.reload();},500);}else{zlalert.alertInfo(data['message']);}}});});
});$(function () {$(".btn-xs").click(function () {var self = $(this);var tr = self.parent().parent();var post_id = tr.attr("data-id");lgalert.alertConfirm({"msg":"您确定要删除这篇帖子吗？",'confirmCallback': function () {lgajax.post({'url': '/cms/dpost/','data':{'post_id': post_id},'success': function (data) {if(data['code'] == 200){window.location.reload();}else{lgalert.alertInfo(data['message']);}}})}});});
});

后台模板文件界面：templates/cms/cms_base.html，不同功能绑定不同路由文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><!--  在头文件中接收csrf信息  --><meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}"><title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script><link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script><!--  关联本地的cms_base.css样式 后台管理界面CMS的样式 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='cms/css/cms_base.css') }}">
<!--  关联本地的cms_base.js样式 后台管理界面CMS的样式 --><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='cms/js/cms_base.js') }}"></script><!--  提示框的静态资源文件  --><link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.css') }}">
<!-- 关联提示框的js样式  --><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/lgalert.js') }}"></script><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.min.js') }}"></script><!--  预留空间，给之后的html文件进行修改调整  -->{% block head %}{% endblock %}</head>
<body><nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation"><div class="container-fluid"><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#">论坛CMS管理系统</a></div><div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><!--       从数据库中调用用户名，g对象全局调用g.cms_user对象  .username是该对象的一个字段属性      --><li><a href="#">{{ g.cms_user.username }}</a></li><!--  用户注销，关联到views.py中的@cms_bp.route("/logout/")路由,重定向到该路由      --><li><a href="{{ url_for('cms.logout') }}">注销</a></li></ul><form class="navbar-form navbar-right"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="查找..."></form></div></div></nav><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar"><ul class="nav-sidebar"><li class="unfold"><a href="#">首页</a></li><li class="profile-li"><a href="#">个人中心<span></span></a><ul class="subnav"><!--          url重定向到/cms/profile/下   路由在views.py中定义了       --><li><a href="{{ url_for('cms.profile') }}">个人信息</a></li><!--         密码修改的url_for 重定向到/cms/resetpwd/  路由在views.py中定义了           --><li><a href="{{ url_for('cms.resetpwd') }}">修改密码</a></li><!--         重定向到修改邮箱的url_for=/cms/resetemail/        --><li><a href="{{ url_for('cms.resetemail') }}">修改邮箱</a></li></ul></li><!--  将全局变量的对象命名为user  -->{% set user = g.cms_user %}<!--        {{ url_for('cms.banners') }}绑定路由          --><li class="nav-group banner-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.banners') }}">轮播图管理</a></li><!--    判断是否有权限进行管理后台，CMSPersmission.ALL_PERMISSION并没有传输过来，无法识别，需要用到钩子函数中的上下文管理器，在hooks.py中编写 -->{% if  user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.POSTER) %}<li class="nav-group post-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.posts') }}">帖子管理</a></li>{% endif %}{% if  user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.COMMENTER) %}<li class="comments-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.comments') }}">评论管理</a></li>{% endif %}{% if  user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.BOARDER) %}<!--        {{ url_for('cms.boards') }}关联路由          --><li class="board-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.boards') }}">板块管理</a></li>{% endif %}{% if  user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.FRONTUSER) %}<li class="nav-group user-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.fuser') }}">前台用户管理</a></li>{% endif %}{% if  user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.CMSUSER) %}<li class="nav-group cmsuser-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.cuser') }}">CMS用户管理</a></li>{% endif %}{% if  user.is_developer %}<li class="cmsrole-manage"><a href="{{ url_for('cms.profile') }}">CMS组管理</a></li>{% endif %}</ul></div><div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main"><h1>{% block page_title %}{% endblock %}</h1><div class="main_content">{% block content %}{% endblock %}</div></div></div></div>
</body>
</html>

前台渲染帖子信息显示：templates/front/front_index.html

{% extends 'front/front_base.html' %}{% block title %}
首页
{% endblock %}<!-- 模板继承 -->
{% block main_content %}
<!--   居中样式  -->
<div class="main-container"><div class="lg-container"><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图  --><div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"><!-- 指令 --><ol class="carousel-indicators"><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li><li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li></ol><!-- 轮播图 --><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><!--    循环apps/front/views.py文件传输的banners数据      -->{% for banner in banners %}<!--    判断是否第一次循环      -->{% if loop.first %}<div class="item active">{% else %}<div class="item">{% endif %}<!--    轮播图路径，style="width: 300px;height: 300px"轮播图大小 --><img src="{{ banner.image_url }}" alt="..."style="width: 300px;height: 300px"><div class="carousel-caption"></div></div>{% endfor %}</div><!-- 轮播图左右切换按钮 --><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Previous</span></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div><!-- bootstrop中复制来的轮播图 代码结束   --><!--   帖子排序方式     --><div class="post-group"><ul class="post-group-head"><li class=""><a href="#">最新</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">精华帖子</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">点赞最多</a></li><li class=""><a href="#">评论最多</a></li></ul><ul class="post-list-group"><!--         循环帖子信息，首页渲染           -->{% for post in posts %}<li><div class="author-avatar-group"><img src="#" alt=""></div><div class="post-info-group"><p class="post-title"><a href="#">{{ post.title }}</a><span class="label label-danger">精华帖</span></p><p class="post-info"><!-- post模型中的author外键调用Front_User中的username信息  --><span>作者:{{ post.author.username }}</span><span>发表时间:{{ post.create_time }}</span><span>评论:0</span><span>阅读:0</span></p></div></li>{% endfor %}</ul><divstyle="text-align:center;"></div></div></div><!--      帖子标签内容      --><div class="sm-container"><divstyle="padding-bottom:10px;"><!--       重定向到/apost/路由，文本编辑界面        --><a href="{{ url_for('front.apost') }}" class="btn btn-warning btn-block">发布帖子</a></div><div class="list-group"><a href="/" class="list-group-item active">所有板块</a><!--     循环显示前台蓝图文件：apps/front/views.py中传输的数据**context           -->{% for board in boards %}<!--         注意这里的current_board_id数据类型是int，才能与board.id相比较           -->{% if current_board_id == board.id %}<!--    url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id)每次点击跳转到front_index.html页面，即当前界面，且传输给一个board_id的参数值，由board.id赋值            --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item active">{{ board.name }}</a>{% else %}<!--  没被选中，即没有被传输相同的board.id，图标样式是class="list-group-item">    --><a href="{{ url_for('front.index', board_id=board.id ) }}" class="list-group-item">{{ board.name }}</a>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</div></div></div><!--  居中样式  -->
{% endblock %}

实现效果如下：

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