Qt - QTChart绘制图表
2024-06-02 18:13:11
文章目录
- 前言
- 准备工作
- 安装QChart组件
- 项目配置
- 主要组成部分
- QChartView
- QChart
- 序列
- 坐标轴
- 图例
- 静态图表
- 动态图表
- 场景一
- 思路
- 效果
- 核心实现
- 场景二
- 思路
- 效果
- 核心实现
- 交互
- 获取曲线在鼠标位置坐标
- 图例控制序列隐藏/显示
- 卡顿问题
- 参考鸣谢
前言
这是一段做作的前言，摘自网络。
在Qt5.7之前，Qt Charts 一直是商业版才有，所以在此之前的Qt开发人员若想绘制图表需采用第三方库，常见的是Qt Charts是Qt提供的图表模块，在Qt5.7之前只有商业版才有，但是从Qt5.7之后，社区版本也包含了Qt Charts。Qt Charts可以很方便的绘制常见的折线图、柱状图、饼图等图表。它基于Qt的Graphics View架构，核心组件是QChartView和QChart。其中QChartView正是继承于QGraphicsView类，因此它也可以作为Graphics View中的视图组件。另一个QChart则由QGraphicsWidget继承而来，继续向上追溯，发现他们都继承于QGraphicsItem，所以QChart是图形项。
准备工作
安装QChart组件
Qt 安装时，默认情况下不安装 QCharts组件 ，所以如果需要使用 QCharts组件 ，我们需要先更新一下 Qt组件。
首先在我们的 Qt安装路径 下找到 MaintenanceTool。
若在下一步出现 “要继续此操作，至少需要一个有效且已启用的储存库。”；则需要在设置中设置存储库。
Qt 存储库（戳我）
ps：我采用的是清华镜像，只需点击HTTP 进入镜像地址并移动至图示目录下，复制如上图所示的 HTTP地址（点击此处偷懒） 作为存储库，随后添加：
项目配置
.pro文件中添加
QT += charts
.h文件中添加
QT_CHARTS_USE_NAMESPACE
QCharts必须的头文件
#include <QChartView>
#include <QChart>
主要组成部分
Qt Charts 模块是一组易于使用的图标组件，基于 Qt 的 GrapHics View 架构，核心是 QChartView 和 QChart。
QChartView
QChartView 是 QChart 的视图组件，用于显示。在 QtCreator 中使用 QChartView 可以放置一个 QWidget，然后升级为 QChartView。
QChartView 的内容很少，建议直接过一遍文档 QChartView
QChartView继承关系如下：
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.statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-KrIufvFmCfUgWced {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}
QWidget
QFrame
QGraphicsObject
QGraphicsView
QChartView
QChart
QChart 管理不同类型的序列和其他与图表相关的对象，例如坐标轴及图例。
QChart 继承关系如下：
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#sequencenumber{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .labelBox{stroke:#ccf;fill:#ECECFF}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .labelText,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .labelText>tspan{fill:#000;stroke:none}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .loopText,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .loopText>tspan{fill:#000;stroke:none}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2, 2;stroke:#ccf;fill:#ccf}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .note{stroke:#aa3;fill:#fff5ad}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .noteText,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .noteText>tspan{fill:#000;stroke:none}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .mermaid-main-font{font-family:"trebuchet ms", 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path{stroke-width:0}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .today{fill:none;stroke:red;stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task{stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText{text-anchor:middle;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText:not([font-size]){font-size:11px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutsideRight{fill:#000;text-anchor:start;font-size:11px;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutsideLeft{fill:#000;text-anchor:end;font-size:11px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task.clickable{cursor:pointer}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutsideLeft.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutsideRight.clickable{cursor:pointer;fill:#003163 !important;font-weight:bold}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskText3{fill:#fff}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .task3{fill:#8a90dd;stroke:#534fbc}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutside0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutside2{fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutside1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .taskTextOutside3{fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .active0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .active1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .active2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .active3{fill:#bfc7ff;stroke:#534fbc}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeText0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeText1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeText2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .done0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .done1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .done2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .done3{stroke:grey;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneText0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneText1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneText2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .crit0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .crit1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .crit2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .crit3{stroke:#f88;fill:red;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCrit0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCrit1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCrit2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#bfc7ff;stroke-width:2}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCrit0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCrit1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCrit2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2;cursor:pointer;shape-rendering:crispEdges}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .milestone{transform:rotate(45deg) scale(0.8, 0.8)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .milestoneText{font-style:italic}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCritText0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCritText1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCritText2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .doneCritText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCritText0,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCritText1,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCritText2,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .activeCritText3{fill:#000 !important}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .titleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#000;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.classGroup text{fill:#9370db;stroke:none;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, 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#aggregationEnd{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #dependencyStart{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #dependencyEnd{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #extensionStart{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #extensionEnd{fill:#9370db;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .commit-id,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .commit-msg,#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .branch-label{fill:lightgrey;color:lightgrey;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .pieTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:25px;fill:#000;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .slice{font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.stateGroup text{fill:#9370db;stroke:none;font-size:10px;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.stateGroup text{fill:#9370db;fill:#333;stroke:none;font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.statediagram-cluster .cluster-label text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.stateGroup .state-title{font-weight:bolder;fill:#000}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.stateGroup rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ g.stateGroup line{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .transition{stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1;fill:none}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .stateGroup .composit{fill:white;border-bottom:1px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .stateGroup .alt-composit{fill:#e0e0e0;border-bottom:1px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .state-note{stroke:#aa3;fill:#fff5ad}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .state-note text{fill:black;stroke:none;font-size:10px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .stateLabel .box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.7}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edgeLabel text{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .stateLabel text{fill:#000;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;font-family:'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial;font-family:var(--mermaid-font-family)}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .node circle.state-start{fill:black;stroke:black}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .node circle.state-end{fill:black;stroke:white;stroke-width:1.5}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ #statediagram-barbEnd{fill:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-cluster rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370db;stroke-width:1px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-cluster rect.outer{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-state .divider{stroke:#9370db}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-state .title-state{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner{fill:white}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-mJ3LNY2JK57YQUsQ {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}
QObject
QGraphicsObject
QGraphicsItem
QGraphicsWidget
QGraphicsItem
QChart
序列
常见的序列如下：
QBarSeries（柱状图）QHorizontalBarSeries（水平柱状图）QHorizontalPercentBarSeries（水平百分比柱状图）QHorizontalStackedBarSeries（水平层叠图）QPercentBarSeries百分比柱状图）QStackedBarSeries（层叠图/堆叠的条形图）QAreaSeries（面积图）QBoxPlotSeries（形图/盒须图）QPieSeries（饼图）QXYSeries（线性图、曲线图、散点图的基类）QLineSeries（折线图）QSplineSeries（曲线图）QScatterSeries（散点图）
序列继承关系如下：
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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-Ey0KtEKRaVUOdNw5 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-Ey0KtEKRaVUOdNw5 .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-Ey0KtEKRaVUOdNw5 .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-Ey0KtEKRaVUOdNw5 {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}
QAbstractSeries
QBoxPlotSeries
QAreaSeries
QAbstractBarSeries
QCandlestickSeries
QPieSeries
QXYSeries
QBarSeries
QHorizontalBarSeries
QHorizontalPercentBarSeries
QHorizontalStackedBarSeries
QPercentBarSeries
QStackedBarSeries
QLineSeries
QScatterSeries
QSplineSeries
本文仅介绍最常用的 QLineSeries。
坐标轴
坐标轴封装了刻度，标签，网格线，标题等属性。
坐标轴有以下几种：
QBarCategoryAxis
类别坐标轴，用字符串作为坐标轴的可读，用于图表的非数值坐标轴QDateTimeAxis
时间坐标轴，用作时间数据的坐标轴QLogValueAxis
对数数值坐标轴，作为数值类数据的对数坐标轴QValueAxis
数值坐标轴，用作数值型数据的坐标轴QCategoryAxis
分组数值坐标轴，可以为数值范围设置标签
坐标轴继承关系如下：
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AbstractAxis
QBarCategoryAxis
QDateTimeAxis
QLogValueAxis
QValueAxis
QCategoryAxis
图例
图例是对图表上序列的补充说明。我们可以设置序列颜色及其文字说明、并控制序列显示的位置。
此外，图例中还有一个 QLegendMarker 类，可为每个序列的图例生成一个类似QChrckedBox 的组件；单击序列的标记，可以控制序列是否显示。
下面是官方例程 chartthemes 的运行效果。
上述内容，建议通过官方例程配合类文档学习。
静态图表
源代码
chart = new QChart();mAxY = new QValueAxis();mAxX = new QValueAxis();mLineSeries = new QLineSeries();//y轴范围mAxY->setRange(0, 10);// Y轴分等份mAxY->setTickCount(11);mAxX->setRange(0,10);mAxX->setTickCount(11);// 将系列添加到图表chart->addSeries(mLineSeries);chart->setTheme(QtCharts::QChart::ChartThemeBrownSand);mAxX->setTitleText(QString(tr("ImageNumber")));mAxY->setTitleText(QString(tr("ReadRate(%)")));chart->addAxis(mAxY, Qt::AlignLeft);chart->addAxis(mAxX, Qt::AlignBottom);mLineSeries->attachAxis(mAxY);mLineSeries->attachAxis(mAxX);//隐藏背景chart->setBackgroundVisible(false);//设置外边界全部为0chart->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);//设置内边界全部为0chart->setMargins(QMargins(0, 0, 0, 0));//设置背景区域无圆角chart->setBackgroundRoundness(0);//突出曲线上的点mLineSeries->setPointsVisible(true);//图例QLegend *mlegend = chart->legend();mLineSeries->setName("testname");mLineSeries->setColor(QColor(255,0,0));//在底部显示mlegend->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);mlegend->show();// 将图表绑定到视图 wiget 为 QChartViewui->widget->setChart(chart);for(int i = 0 ;i < 10;i++){mLineSeries->append(i+1, i);}
动态图表
场景一
显示最近的 n 个数据。
思路
对于数值坐标轴，我们仅需要在加入数据时判断数据点是否超过 x轴 最大值。
若超过则取得旧的pointslist，并将其所有点的 x轴 数值 -1 ，再加入新点。
效果
核心实现
QList<QPointF> oldPoints = mLineSeries->points();int pointCount =oldPoints.size();if(pointCount > mAxX->max()){QList<QPointF> newPoints;for(int i = 0; i < pointCount; i++){QPointF point;point.setX(oldPoints.at(i).x()-1);point.setY(oldPoints.at(i).y());newPoints.append(point);}qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));QPointF point;point.setX(oldPoints.at(pointCount -1).x());point.setY(qrand()%10);newPoints.append(point);mLineSeries->clear();mLineSeries->append(newPoints);mLineSeries->setPointsVisible(true);}else{qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));QPointF point;point.setX(oldPoints.at(pointCount -1).x() +1);point.setY(qrand()%10);mLineSeries->append(point);}
场景二
显示最近一段时间的数据。
思路
这里需要增加两个概念
- 定时间隔
TimerBreaks - 最大采样数
MaxSize
首次添加时设置时间轴，每次添加数据点都先判断当前数据点是否超过最大采样数，若超过则删除线中第一个点，再添加数据。
效果
核心实现
// 最大采样数
const int MaxSize = 100;
// 定时时间间隔-ms
const int TimerBreaks = 10;void MainWindow::slot_timeout()
{static int cnt = 0;static QDateTime BeginTime, EndTime;if (cnt == 0){BeginTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();EndTime = BeginTime.addMSecs(MaxSize*(TimerBreaks + 1));mAxDateX->setMin(BeginTime);mAxDateX->setMax(EndTime);}qint64 x1 = QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch();qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));qreal y =qrand()%10;cnt = cnt > (MaxSize - 1) ? 1 : (++cnt);if (mLineSeries->count() > (MaxSize-1)){//删除第一个元素mLineSeries->removePoints(0, 1);EndTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();BeginTime = EndTime.addMSecs((qint64)MaxSize*(-1)*TimerBreaks);mAxDateX->setMin(BeginTime);mAxDateX->setMax(EndTime);}mLineSeries->append(x1, y);}
交互
获取曲线在鼠标位置坐标
在 QXYSeries 中可以发现该信号：
void clicked(const QPointF &point)
鼠标点击序列时，触发该信号void hovered(const QPointF &point, bool state)
鼠标在序列上时触发该信号
有了这两个信号，就可以很容易的实现以下功能：
以上效果来自 Qt 官方例程 - Callout，核心是通过这两个信号实现控件的动态创建、隐藏和显示。
图例控制序列隐藏/显示
可参考官方例程 legendmarkers。
以下为摘录核心：
const auto markers = m_chart->legend()->markers();
for (QLegendMarker *marker : markers) {// Disconnect possible existing connection to avoid multiple connectionsQObject::disconnect(marker, &QLegendMarker::clicked, this ,&MainWidget::handleMarkerClicked);
QObject::connect(marker, &QLegendMarker::clicked, this, &MainWidget::handleMarkerClicked);//点击事件
void MainWidget::handleMarkerClicked()
{QLegendMarker* marker = qobject_cast<QLegendMarker*> (sender());//断言Q_ASSERT(marker);switch (marker->type()){case QLegendMarker::LegendMarkerTypeXY:{//控序列隐藏/显示// Toggle visibility of seriesmarker->series()->setVisible(!marker->series()->isVisible());// Turn legend marker back to visible, since hiding series also hides the marker// and we don't want it to happen now.marker->setVisible(true);//修改图例// Dim the marker, if series is not visibleqreal alpha = 1.0;if (!marker->series()->isVisible())alpha = 0.5;QColor color;QBrush brush = marker->labelBrush();color = brush.color();color.setAlphaF(alpha);brush.setColor(color);marker->setLabelBrush(brush);brush = marker->brush();color = brush.color();color.setAlphaF(alpha);brush.setColor(color);marker->setBrush(brush);QPen pen = marker->pen();color = pen.color();color.setAlphaF(alpha);pen.setColor(color);marker->setPen(pen);break;}default:{qDebug() << "Unknown marker type";break;}}
}
卡顿问题
在使用图表时，经常会遇到卡顿的问题。
目前总结的解决卡顿的方法主要有：
- 去掉动画、样式、标签形状等
m_chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::NoAnimation);
- 开启
OPenGL加速
line->setUseOpenGL();
值得注意的是：
QAreaSeries面积和散点图无法使用。- 加速系列不支持系列动画。
- 加速序列不支持点标签。
- 对于加速系列，笔样式和标记形状被忽略。仅支持实线和普通散点。散点可以是圆形或矩形，这取决于底层图形硬件和驱动程序。
- 极坐标图不支持加速序列。
- 避免短时间内逐点添加，大数据刷新采用
append（const QList<QPointF> &points）
line->append(newPoints);
参考鸣谢
Qt Charts Examples
QChart时间坐标轴实时更新数据
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