python 调用 C# dll 库读取电脑硬件信息

一、核心需求

python程序读取电脑硬件信息，包括主板、CPU、内存、GPU、风扇、硬盘

二、实现思路

使用pythonnet调用Open Hardware MonitorLib.dll，通过该dll提供的接口读取硬件信息

pythonnet:使用该库调用C#的dll
OpenHardwareMonitorLib.dll:OpenHardwareMonitor开源项目是用来监测硬件信息的，巨硬出品，该项目里有两个项目，将OpenHardwareMonitorLib编译为dll，后续方便python调用

三、核心代码

import clr #package pythonnet, not clr
from datamap import dataclass HardWareReader():def __init__(self,path_dll:str,conf:dict) -> None:self.dll = path_dllself.conf = confself.hwtypes = ['Mainboard','SuperIO','CPU','RAM','GpuNvidia','GpuAti','TBalancer','Heatmaster','HDD']self.sensortypes = ['Voltage','Clock','Temperature','Load','Fan','Flow','Control','Level','Factor','Power','Data','SmallData','Throughput']def init(self):clr.AddReference(self.dll)from OpenHardwareMonitor import Hardwarehandle = Hardware.Computer()handle.MainboardEnabled = self.conf['MainboardEnabled']handle.CPUEnabled = self.conf['CPUEnabled']handle.RAMEnabled = self.conf['RAMEnabled']handle.GPUEnabled = self.conf['GPUEnabled']handle.HDDEnabled = self.conf['HDDEnabled']handle.Open()return handledef fetch_stats(self,handle):hardware_ls = []for i in handle.Hardware:i.Update()for sensor in i.Sensors:res = self.parse_sensor(sensor)hardware_ls.append(res)for j in i.SubHardware:j.Update()for subsensor in j.Sensors:res = self.parse_sensor(subsensor)hardware_ls.append(res)return hardware_lsdef parse_sensor(self,sensor):if sensor.Value is not None:sensortypes = self.sensortypeshardwaretypes = self.hwtypeselse:return Noneif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Temperature'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)  elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Voltage'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Clock'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Load'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Fan'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Flow'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Control'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Level'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Factor'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Power'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Data'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('SmallData'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)elif sensor.SensorType == sensortypes.index('Throughput'):return u"hardwareType:{},hardwareName:{},sensorIndex:{},senserName:{} sensorValue{:.2f}".format(hardwaretypes[sensor.Hardware.HardwareType], sensor.Hardware.Name, sensor.Index, sensor.Name, sensor.Value)else:return Noneif __name__ == "__main__":print("OpenHardwareMonitor:")# 伪代码，按需修改# HardwareHandle = init(OpenHardwareMonitor.dll路径,conf配置文件，字典格式)# fetch_stats(HardwareHandle)# input('关闭窗口')# 以下是我的系统的输出:# OpenHardwareMonitor:# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #0 CPU Core - 42.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #1 Temperature #1 - 35.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #2 Temperature #2 - 34.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #3 Temperature #3 - 25.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #4 Temperature #4 - 101.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #5 Temperature #5 - 16.0Â°C# SuperIO Nuvoton NCT6791D Temperature Sensor #6 Temperature #6 - 14.0Â°C# GpuNvidia NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Temperature Sensor #0 GPU Core - 60.0Â°C# HDD ST31000528AS Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 37.0Â°C# HDD WDC WD20EARX-00PASB0 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 36.0Â°C# HDD WDC WDS100T2B0B-00YS70 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 40.0Â°C# HDD WDC WD80EFZX-68UW8N0 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 31.0Â°C# HDD WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 30.0Â°C# HDD WDC WD80EFZX-68UW8N0 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 33.0Â°C# HDD Crucial_CT256MX100SSD1 Temperature Sensor #0 Temperature - 40.0Â°C

# datamap.py
def data():data = {'CPU':{'Clocks':{},'Temperatures':{},'Load':{},'Powers':{}},'GPU':{'Voltages':{},'Clocks':{},'Temperatures':{},'Load':{},'Fans':{},'Controls':{},'Powers':{}},'IO':{'Voltages':{},'Temperatures':{},'Fans':{},'Controls':{}},'HDD':{'one':{'Temperatures':{},'Load':{}},'two':{}},'RAM':{'Load':{},'Data':{}}}return data

# conf.py
# coding:utf-8
import yamlclass Yaml():def yamlRead(self,yaml_path:str): f = open(yaml_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8')cfg = f.read()d = yaml.load(cfg,Loader=yaml.FullLoader)  # 用load方法转字典return d

# conf.yaml
SERVER:host:'127.0.0.1'port:8266
HARDWARE:CPUEnabled:trueGPUEnabled:trueRAMEnabled:trueHDDEnabled:trueMainboardEnabled:trueFanControllerEnabled:true
SIGN: 'wdx845o'

四、Open Hardware Monitor

1、读取过程

先设置要检测的项目：MainboardEnabled，CPUEnabled，RAMEnabled，GPUEnabled，FanControllerEnabled，HDDEnabled
```
 my_computer = Computer() #实例这这个类my_computer.CPUEnabled = True #监测CPU,其他同理
```

读取Hardware的参数

 # 这个顺序按下边的枚举的顺序my_computer.Hardware[0].Identifier # 0表示 CPU

读取Sensors的参数

 # 这个顺序按下边的枚举的顺序my_computer.Hardware[0].Sensors[0].Identifier

2、OpenHardwareMonitorLib中重要概念

一共三层概念，从高到低层次依次是：Computer>HardWare > Sensors >

2.1、Hardware

Value type	Name	Description	Example
string	Name	Typically a combination of make and model	Intel Core 2 Duo E8400
string	Identifier	A unique identifier for this piece of hardware	/intelcpu/0
string	HardwareType	下边定义的硬件类型（HardwareType）	CPU
string	Parent	The identifier of its parent Hardware; if any.	“/mainboard” or “”

 public enum HardwareType{Mainboard = 0,SuperIO = 1,CPU = 2,GpuNvidia = 3,GpuAti = 4,TBalancer = 5,Heatmaster = 6,HDD = 7,}

2.2、SenorType

Sensor Type	Unit used	Recommended display format
Voltage	Volt（电压）	«value» V
Clock	Megahertz	«value» MHz
Temperature	Celsius（摄氏度）	«value» °C
Load	Percentage（百分比）	«value»%
Fan	Revolutions per minute（转每分）	«value» RPM
Flow	Liters per hour	«value» L/h
Control	Percentage（百分比）	«value»%
Level	Percentage（百分比）	«value»%

   public enum SensorType {Voltage, // VClock, // MHzTemperature, // °CLoad, // %Fan, // RPMFlow, // L/hControl, // %Level, // %Factor, // 1Power, // WData, // GB = 2^30 Bytes    SmallData, // MB = 2^20 BytesThroughput, // MB/s = 2^20 Bytes/s}

负载、控制和级别类型的每种类型都使用百分比作为其单位，但有明显不同的用途。

Load（负载）:表示一块硬件上的负载，其中100%表示一个完全加载的组件。
Control（控制）: 通常与风扇控制器一起使用，用于表示占空比。
Level（级别）:这是一个通用的基于%的级别度量，当上述两者都不适用时使用

参考

orcode上一篇《在python中访问CPU温度》的问答，但是原地址我找不到了

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