Android Q：上传图片java.io.FileNotFoundException: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

首先先看看自己文件权限加在AndroidManifest了吗，以及是否在代码中动态获取了权限。看完需再看 Android Q：文件上传（之前的文章有点问题）有小修改一些此文章中的问题

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从相册选择图片上传，框架使用的是Rx + Retrofit + OKHttp。因为此版本使用了MVVM架构，targetSdkVersion升到了29。在上传图片出现了报错

java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera/IMG20200608195140.jpg: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)

原因是在android10开始，Google修改了文件相关权限，对于写入和读取文件，都有了新的一套机制，介绍内容网上很多，各大厂商也有介绍，在此不做赘述。

此解决方法适用于能获取到文件的Uri，比如打开相册选择图片，那么它的onActivityResult中的Intent data就有选择的图片的Uri。

打开图库的方法不变：

    /*** 选择照片*/public static void pickPhoto(Activity activity) {Intent intent;if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK,MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);} else {intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);intent.setType("image/*");}activity.startActivityForResult(intent, 2001);}

和onActivityResult回调：

    @Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if (data == null) {return;}if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {switch (requestCode) {case 2001:Uri originalUri = data.getData();String path = UriUtil.getPath(this, originalUri);if (path != null && new File(path).exists()) {File mFile = new File(path);viewModel.updateImg(mFile);}break;}}}

先附上Android10之前我的图片上传

//从上文中获取了文件
public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(File file) {MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder().setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型builder.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), body);return builder.build().parts();
}//Retrofit Api 接口/*** 文件上传*/
@Multipart
@POST("xxxx")
Observable<ObjResponse<ShowImageTypeData>> updateFile(@Part List<MultipartBody.Part>     partLis);//调用接口
public Observable<ShowImageTypeData> updateImg(File file) {return api.updateFile(getFileBody(file)).compose(new ObjTransform<>(null));
}

大同小异，主要就是获取文件File类型实例，然后构建RequestBody，使用Retrofit上传

Android Q不行了，会报错，那么主要就是使用到file的地方要修改，先看看RequestBody.create还能带什么参数：

public abstract class RequestBody {/** Returns the Content-Type header for this body. */public abstract MediaType contentType();/*** Returns the number of bytes that will be written to {@code out} in a call to {@link #writeTo},* or -1 if that count is unknown.*/public long contentLength() throws IOException {return -1;}/** Writes the content of this request to {@code out}. */public abstract void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException;/*** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. If {@code contentType} is non-null* and lacks a charset, this will use UTF-8.*/public static RequestBody create(MediaType contentType, String content) {Charset charset = Util.UTF_8;if (contentType != null) {charset = contentType.charset();if (charset == null) {charset = Util.UTF_8;contentType = MediaType.parse(contentType + "; charset=utf-8");}}byte[] bytes = content.getBytes(charset);return create(contentType, bytes);}/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final ByteString content) {return new RequestBody() {@Override public MediaType contentType() {return contentType;}@Override public long contentLength() throws IOException {return content.size();}@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {sink.write(content);}};}/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content) {return create(contentType, content, 0, content.length);}/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content,final int offset, final int byteCount) {if (content == null) throw new NullPointerException("content == null");Util.checkOffsetAndCount(content.length, offset, byteCount);return new RequestBody() {@Override public MediaType contentType() {return contentType;}@Override public long contentLength() {return byteCount;}@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {sink.write(content, offset, byteCount);}};}/** Returns a new request body that transmits the content of {@code file}. */public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final File file) {if (file == null) throw new NullPointerException("content == null");return new RequestBody() {@Override public MediaType contentType() {return contentType;}@Override public long contentLength() {return file.length();}@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {Source source = null;try {source = Okio.source(file);sink.writeAll(source);} finally {Util.closeQuietly(source);}}};}
}

从上文可以看出除了一个file。其他大部分都是使用RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content, final int offset, final int byteCount) 那么我们也尝试使用byte[]作为上传参数，现在就需要把文件转为byte[]。

直接上代码，从onActivityResult开始：

    @Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if (data == null) {return;}if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {switch (requestCode) {case 2001:Uri originalUri = data.getData();try {ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFileDescriptor = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(originalUri, "r");FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = parcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileDescriptor);ByteArrayOutputStream swapStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();byte[] buff = new byte[1024*4]; //buff用于存放循环读取的临时数据int rc = 0;while ((rc = fis.read(buff, 0, 100)) > 0) {swapStream.write(buff, 0, rc);}byte[] in_b = swapStream.toByteArray(); //in_b为转换之后的结果viewModel.updateImg(in_b);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}break;}}}

因为我分了好几个文件，包括这些代码也只是暂时写在onActivityResult里，你们只需要看，获取到关键数据后怎么做，然后自己组装一下，应该容易的。在获取到byte[]后，使用byte[]构建RequestBody：

{

底下那个“androidImg”是错的，这个是设置文件名称，假如说你填写了这个的话，那么就无法识别文件类型，后台存储的是一个无类型的文件，你再下载的话无法打开，只用图片上传以及使用Glide框架显示的，没这个问题，给Glide点个赞！

public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(byte[] file) {MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder().setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型builder.addFormDataPart("file", "androidImg", body);return builder.build().parts();}

}

重新把构建List<MultipartBody.Part>方法改一下，增加一个文件名，这个文件名称只需要最后有个后缀就行了，前面带文件路径也没关系，这是PostMan调用文件上传接口时的数据：

POST /api/file-application/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Authorization: Bearer xxxx
cache-control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 2ff47803-aadb-4aeb-90d4-cfe342cbf78e
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gWContent-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="C:\Users\xx\Desktop\QQ截图20190301164159.png------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--说明一下，这个filename="xxx" 这个xxx就是刚刚填写的androidImg

那么文件名获取，也是使用Uri获取文件名：

    /*** 获取对应uri的path** @param context* @param uri* @return*/@SuppressLint("NewApi")public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19;// DocumentProviderif (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {// ExternalStorageProviderif (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final String[] split = docId.split(":");final String type = split[0];if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];}// handle non-primary volumes}// DownloadsProviderelse if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.parseLong(id));return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);}// MediaProviderelse if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final String[] split = docId.split(":");final String type = split[0];Uri contentUri = null;if ("image".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ("video".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;}final String selection = "_id=?";final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);}}// MediaStore (and general)else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {// Return the remote addressif (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))return uri.getLastPathSegment();return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);}// Fileelse if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {return uri.getPath();}return null;}

那么再来构建List<MultipartBody.Part>：

public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(byte[] file, String fileName) {MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder().setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型builder.addFormDataPart("file", fileName, body);return builder.build().parts();}

把上面获取到的文件路径传入这个方法中，之后使用Retrofit上没有差别因为接口传入参数类型没变

api.updateFile(AppUtils.getFileBody(file, fileName)).compose(new ObjTransform<>(null));

附上失败和成功的log：

使用file传文件

--> POST http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx http/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=36717d28-648b-44b2-a904-07b23fa5fdb8
Content-Length: 115873
Cache-Control: no-cache
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9xxxxxx
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: okhttp/3.6.0
--> END POST
<-- HTTP FAILED: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/tieba/FCF10754FF8F4014D623FF8F8B937C1D.jpg: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)

使用byte[]传文件：

--> POST http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx http/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=36717d28-648b-44b2-a904-07b23fa5fdb8
Content-Length: 115873
Cache-Control: no-cache
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9xxxxxx
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: okhttp/3.6.0
--> END POST<-- 200  http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx (213ms)
Server: nginx/1.11.6
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2020 03:38:10 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
<-- END HTTP{"code":1,"subCode":null,"message":"成功","data":xxxxx}

数据返回正常

之后应该会再写一个使用相册拍照的功能。

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