Assignment 3

简答题

游戏对象运动的本质是什么？

利用矩阵的变换，如平移、旋转、缩放等，来改变游戏对象的控件属性。具体而言，是Transform中的position和rotation两个属性，通过修改它们的值属性，进而改变其绝对坐标和旋转方向。

请用三种方法以上方法，实现物体的抛物线运动。（如，修改Transform属性，使用向量Vector3的方法…）

方法一：直接改变transform中x和y的位置。

根据物理学中的抛体运动的原理，水平方向速度不变，竖直方向速度加上加速度G，两个方向运动的合成即为抛物线，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class Move: MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic float g = 10;public float v_y = -30;public float v_x = 10;void Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){this.transform.position += Vector3.down * Time.deltaTime * v_y / 1000;this.transform.position += Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime * v_x;v_y +=g;}
}

除以1000是为了更好地看到物体的变化，否则目标物体运动太快会直接消失看不见。

方法二：利用Vector3.Lerp(Vector3 a,Vector3 b,float t)

基本原理和方法一一样，只不过是利用了Lerp函数来实现，而不是直接更改位置，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class Move: MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic float g = 1;public float v_y = -3;public float v_x = 1;void Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){Vector3 vec = new Vector3(Time.deltaTime * v_x, Time.deltaTime * v_y / 1000, 0);transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, transform.position + vec, 1);v_y += g;}
}

对参数进行了微调，但内容上还是差不多。这里对Leap函数做个简单的说明，根据unity官方的手册，第三个参数为插值t，根据这一值在a和b之间进行线性插值，当t=1时，返回第二个参数，t=0时，返回第一个参数，t=0.5时，返回a和b中间的点。

方法三：直接相加。

本方法和方法二很相似，区别在于方法二利用Leap函数，而本方法直接相加，代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class Move: MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic float g = 1;public float v_y = -3;public float v_x = 1;void Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){Vector3 vec = new Vector3(Time.deltaTime * v_x, Time.deltaTime * v_y / 1000, 0);transform.position += vec;v_y += g;}
}

这里将目标的transform内的position属性直接和vec相加，和第一种方法很像。

写一个程序，实现一个完整的太阳系，其他星球围绕太阳的转速必须不一样，且不在一个法平面上。

首先，我们先建立如上的一个太阳系，创建Sphere对象并对其命名，将其他所有星球作为太阳的子对象加入到场景中，并加上贴图，表明各自所代表的星球。在这里我按实际的比例给每个星球设置大小。

其次编写代码，让所有的星球围绕着太阳（即最左边那个星球）公转，同时，各个星球都还需要自转，因此需要实现上述两个功能。代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class Sum : MonoBehaviour
{// Use this for initializationvoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){GameObject earth = GameObject.Find("Earth");earth.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);earth.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), 30 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject mercury = GameObject.Find("Mercury");mercury.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);mercury.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 2, 0), 120 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject venus = GameObject.Find("Venus");venus.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);venus.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), 60 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject mars = GameObject.Find("Mars");mars.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);mars.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(1, 1, 0), 30 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject jupiter = GameObject.Find("Jupiter");jupiter.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);jupiter.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 1), 20 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject saturn = GameObject.Find("Saturn");saturn.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);saturn.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(1, 0, 1), 20 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject uranus = GameObject.Find("Uranus");uranus.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);uranus.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(1, 1, 1), 10 * Time.deltaTime);GameObject neptune = GameObject.Find("Neptune");neptune.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime);neptune.transform.RotateAround(Vector3.zero, new Vector3(0, 0, 2), 10 * Time.deltaTime);}
}

我实现上述两个功能的思路就是，先利用GameObject.Find()的API找到之前画出来的各个星球，然后利用transform.Rotate()函数实现自转，因为是绕着自己的，因此就用了Vector3.up代表自己的自转轴，最后利用transform.RotateAround()实现公转，因为是不同法平面，则所有的星球都需要绕着不同的轴公转，因此我设定了每个星球围绕的旋转轴的坐标，同时公转速度因为万有引力的存在，越靠近太阳的星球公转越快，所以我粗略地调整了他们的速度来表现这一点。

具体的实现效果截图如下：

编程实践题

代码的很多地方参考了师兄们的写法，虽然我的工作很大程度上是搬砖（），但也学到了不少的东西。

首先需要使用CVM框架编写，所以先创建Model.cs、Controller.cs以及View.cs三个脚本文件。

创建几个3d Object，分别命名为Boat,Cube,Devil,Priest和River，分别代表图上的木船，海岸，恶魔，神父和河。

接下来编写三个脚本

Model.cs

Model.cs文件内定义并实现了所需的核心功能，大致可分为载入模型预设、检测失败或成功以及上下船。

接下来对其内部的函数进行简单的阐述。

Update函数

void Update(){//设置位置，其中StartPos和EndPos是定义的常量。ForwardPosition(start_priests, priestsStartPos, "Priest");BackwardPosition(end_priests, priestsEndPos, "Priest");ForwardPosition(start_devils, devilsStartPos, "Devil");BackwardPosition(end_devils, devilsEndPos, "Devil");//更新船的位置，利用MoveTowards接口完成。if (one.state == State.SE_move){boat_obj.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(ship_obj.transform.position, boatEndPos, Time.deltaTime * speed);if (boat_obj.transform.position == boatEndPos){one.state = State.End;}}else if (one.state == State.ES_move){boat_obj.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(ship_obj.transform.position, boatStartPos, Time.deltaTime * speed);if (boat_obj.transform.position == boatStartPos){one.state = State.Start;}}else //验证游戏是否结束{check();}}

LoadSrc()

void loadSrc(){//设置海岸的坐标Vector3 CubeStartPos = new Vector3(-5, -2, 0);Vector3 CubeEndPos = new Vector3(5, -2, 0);//初始化海岸和河的位置Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Cube"), CubeStartPos, Quaternion.identity);Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Cube"), CubeEndPos, Quaternion.identity);Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/River"), RiverPos, Quaternion.identity);//初始化船的位置boat_obj = Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Boat"), boatStartPos, Quaternion.identity) as GameObject;//将恶魔和神父压入栈中存储for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){start_priests.Push(Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Priest")) as GameObject);start_devils.Push(Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Devil")) as GameObject);}}

ForwardPosition()和BackwardPosition()

//为了设置位置的方便，设置了两个函数，一个在左侧河岸时调用，另一个在右侧河岸时调用
void ForwardPosition(Stack<GameObject> obj, Vector3 pos,string name){GameObject[] temp = obj.ToArray();for (int i = 0; i < obj.Count; i++){temp[i].transform.position = pos + new Vector3(-gap * i, 0, 0);temp[i].tag = name;Debug.Log(temp[i].tag);}}void BackwardPosition(Stack<GameObject> obj, Vector3 pos,string name){GameObject[] temp = obj.ToArray();for (int i = 0; i < obj.Count; i++){temp[i].transform.position = pos + new Vector3(gap * i, 0, 0);}}

在初始化设置时，我给每个对象加了个tag，便于后续的判断。然后需要注意的是需要在Project Setting里加入这个tag，否则找不到

CheckEmpty()

     int checkEmpty(){int num = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){if (boat[i] == null){num++;}}return num;}

验证船是否满载，并返回空的位置。

getOnBoat()和getOffBoat()

void getOnTheBoat(GameObject obj){obj.transform.parent = boat_obj.transform;if (checkEmpty() != 0){if (boat[0] == null){boat[0] = obj;obj.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(-0.4f, 0.75f, 0);}else{boat[1] = obj;obj.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0.4f, 0.75f, 0);}}}public void getOffTheBoat(int side){if (boat[side] != null){boat[side].transform.parent = null;if (one.state == State.Start){if (boat[side].tag == "Priest"){start_priests.Push(boat[side]);}else{start_devils.Push(boat[side]);}}else if (one.state == State.End){if (boat[side].tag == "Priest"){end_priests.Push(boat[side]);}else{end_devils.Push(boat[side]);}}boat[side] = null;}}

check()

    void check(){if (end_devils.Count == 3 && end_priests.Count == 3){one.state = State.Win;return;}//计算船上有几个神父和恶魔int priestOnBoat = 0, devilOnBoat = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){if (boat[i] != null && boat[i].tag == "Priest"){priestOnBoat++;}else if (boat[i] != null && boat[i].tag == "Devil"){devilOnBoat++;}}//计算左边和后边的神父和恶魔的数量int leftPriestCount = 0, leftDevilCount = 0, rightPriestCount = 0, rightDevilCount = 0;if (one.state == State.Start){leftPriestCount = start_priests.Count + priestOnBoat;rightPriestCount = end_priests.Count;leftDevilCount = start_devils.Count + devilOnBoat;rightDevilCount = end_devils.Count;}else if (one.state == State.End){leftPriestCount = start_priests.Count;rightPriestCount = end_priests.Count + priestOnBoat;leftDevilCount = start_devils.Count;rightDevilCount = end_devils.Count + devilOnBoat;}//恶魔比神父多则判定失败if ((leftPriestCount != 0 && leftPriestCount < leftDevilCount) || (rightPriestCount != 0 && rightPriestCount < rightDevilCount)){one.state = State.Lose;}}

上船的相关函数

 public void priLeft(){if (start_priests.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.Start){getOnTheBoat(start_priests.Pop());}}public void priRight(){if (end_priests.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.End){getOnTheBoat(end_priests.Pop());}}public void delLeft(){if (start_devils.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.Start){getOnTheBoat(start_devils.Pop());}}public void delRight(){if (end_devils.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.End){getOnTheBoat(end_devils.Pop());}}

Reset()

public void Reset_all(){boat_obj.transform.position = boatStartPos;int num1 = end_devils.Count, num2 = end_priests.Count;for (int i = 0; i < num1; i++){start_devils.Push(end_devils.Pop());}for (int i = 0; i < num2; i++){start_priests.Push(end_priests.Pop());}getOffTheBoat(0);getOffTheBoat(1);}

全部代码如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using mygame;public class Model : MonoBehaviour
{Stack<GameObject> start_priests = new Stack<GameObject>();Stack<GameObject> end_priests = new Stack<GameObject>();Stack<GameObject> start_devils = new Stack<GameObject>();Stack<GameObject> end_devils = new Stack<GameObject>();GameObject[] boat = new GameObject[2];GameObject boat_obj;public float speed = 10f;SSDirector one;float gap = 1.0f;Vector3 boatStartPos = new Vector3(-1f, 0.5f, 0);Vector3 boatEndPos = new Vector3(1f, 0.5f, 0);Vector3 priestsStartPos = new Vector3(-2.5f,1.25f, 0);Vector3 priestsEndPos = new Vector3(2.5f, 1.25f, 0);Vector3 devilsStartPos = new Vector3(-6f, 1.25f, 0);Vector3 devilsEndPos = new Vector3(5.5f,1.25f, 0);Vector3 RiverPos = new Vector3(0, -2.4f, 0);// Use this for initializationvoid Start(){one = SSDirector.GetInstance();one.setModel(this);loadSrc();}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){ForwardPosition(start_priests, priestsStartPos, "Priest");BackwardPosition(end_priests, priestsEndPos, "Priest");ForwardPosition(start_devils, devilsStartPos, "Devil");BackwardPosition(end_devils, devilsEndPos, "Devil");if (one.state == State.SE_move){boat_obj.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(boat_obj.transform.position, boatEndPos, Time.deltaTime * speed);if (boat_obj.transform.position == boatEndPos){one.state = State.End;}}else if (one.state == State.ES_move){boat_obj.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(boat_obj.transform.position, boatStartPos, Time.deltaTime * speed);if (boat_obj.transform.position == boatStartPos){one.state = State.Start;}}else{check();}}//加载游戏对象void loadSrc(){Vector3 CubeStartPos = new Vector3(-5, -2, 0);Vector3 CubeEndPos = new Vector3(5, -2, 0);Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Cube"), CubeStartPos, Quaternion.identity);Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Cube"), CubeEndPos, Quaternion.identity);Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/River"), RiverPos, Quaternion.identity);boat_obj = Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Boat"), boatStartPos, Quaternion.identity) as GameObject;for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){start_priests.Push(Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Priest")) as GameObject);start_devils.Push(Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Devil")) as GameObject);}}void ForwardPosition(Stack<GameObject> obj, Vector3 pos,string name){GameObject[] temp = obj.ToArray();for (int i = 0; i < obj.Count; i++){temp[i].transform.position = pos + new Vector3(-gap * i, 0, 0);temp[i].tag = name;Debug.Log(temp[i].tag);}}void BackwardPosition(Stack<GameObject> obj, Vector3 pos,string name){GameObject[] temp = obj.ToArray();for (int i = 0; i < obj.Count; i++){temp[i].transform.position = pos + new Vector3(gap * i, 0, 0);}}//判断船上是否有空位int checkEmpty(){int num = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){if (boat[i] == null){num++;}}return num;}//上船void getOnTheBoat(GameObject obj){obj.transform.parent = boat_obj.transform;if (checkEmpty() != 0){if (boat[0] == null){boat[0] = obj;obj.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(-0.4f, 0.75f, 0);}else{boat[1] = obj;obj.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0.4f, 0.75f, 0);}}}//船移动public void moveBoat(){if (checkEmpty() != 2){if (one.state == State.Start){one.state = State.SE_move;}else if (one.state == State.End){one.state = State.ES_move;}}}//下船public void getOffTheBoat(int side){if (boat[side] != null){boat[side].transform.parent = null;if (one.state == State.Start){if (boat[side].tag == "Priest"){start_priests.Push(boat[side]);}else{start_devils.Push(boat[side]);}}else if (one.state == State.End){if (boat[side].tag == "Priest"){end_priests.Push(boat[side]);}else{end_devils.Push(boat[side]);}}boat[side] = null;}}void check(){if (end_devils.Count == 3 && end_priests.Count == 3){one.state = State.Win;return;}int priestOnBoat = 0, devilOnBoat = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){if (boat[i] != null && boat[i].tag == "Priest"){priestOnBoat++;}else if (boat[i] != null && boat[i].tag == "Devil"){devilOnBoat++;}}int leftPriestCount = 0, leftDevilCount = 0, rightPriestCount = 0, rightDevilCount = 0;if (one.state == State.Start){leftPriestCount = start_priests.Count + priestOnBoat;rightPriestCount = end_priests.Count;leftDevilCount = start_devils.Count + devilOnBoat;rightDevilCount = end_devils.Count;}else if (one.state == State.End){leftPriestCount = start_priests.Count;rightPriestCount = end_priests.Count + priestOnBoat;leftDevilCount = start_devils.Count;rightDevilCount = end_devils.Count + devilOnBoat;}if ((leftPriestCount != 0 && leftPriestCount < leftDevilCount) || (rightPriestCount != 0 && rightPriestCount < rightDevilCount)){one.state = State.Lose;}}//上船public void priLeft(){if (start_priests.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.Start){getOnTheBoat(start_priests.Pop());}}public void priRight(){if (end_priests.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.End){getOnTheBoat(end_priests.Pop());}}public void delLeft(){if (start_devils.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.Start){getOnTheBoat(start_devils.Pop());}}public void delRight(){if (end_devils.Count != 0 && checkEmpty() != 0 && one.state == State.End){getOnTheBoat(end_devils.Pop());}}//重置游戏public void Reset_all(){boat_obj.transform.position = boatStartPos;int num1 = end_devils.Count, num2 = end_priests.Count;for (int i = 0; i < num1; i++){start_devils.Push(end_devils.Pop());}for (int i = 0; i < num2; i++){start_priests.Push(end_priests.Pop());}getOffTheBoat(0);getOffTheBoat(1);}
}

Controller.cs

这个文档中定义了用户的接口，便于与用户交互

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using mygame;namespace mygame
{public enum State { Start, SE_move, ES_move, End, Win, Lose };public interface UserAction{//仅是作为接口，可以直接调用之前在Model内写好了的接口void priestSOnB();  //左侧神父上船void priestEOnB();  //右侧神父上船void devilSOnB();   //左侧恶魔上船void devilEOnB();   //右侧恶魔上船void moveBoat();    //移动船void offBoatL();   //左侧下船void offBoatR();  //右侧下船void reset();     //重置游戏}public class SSDirector : System.Object, UserAction{private static SSDirector _instance;public Controller currentScenceController;public State state = State.Start;private Model game_obj;public static SSDirector GetInstance(){if (_instance == null){_instance = new SSDirector();}return _instance;}public Model getModel(){return game_obj;}internal void setModel(Model someone){if (game_obj == null){game_obj = someone;}}//直接引用即可。public void priestSOnB(){game_obj.priLeft();}public void priestEOnB(){game_obj.priRight();}public void devilSOnB(){game_obj.delLeft();}public void devilEOnB(){game_obj.delRight();}public void moveBoat(){game_obj.moveBoat();}public void offBoatL(){game_obj.getOffTheBoat(0);}public void offBoatR(){game_obj.getOffTheBoat(1);}public void reset(){//_instance = null;state = State.Start;game_obj.Reset_all();}}}public class Controller : MonoBehaviour
{// Use this for initializationvoid Start(){SSDirector one = SSDirector.GetInstance();}}

View.cs

主要涉及到画面上的按钮。

其中的GUI.depth = 0是我在尝试能不能改变其中一个按钮的深度去覆盖它下面的按钮，但最后没能实现，就将之前重叠的几个按钮分开了。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using mygame;public class View : MonoBehaviour
{SSDirector one;UserAction action;// Use this for initializationvoid Start(){one = SSDirector.GetInstance();action = SSDirector.GetInstance() as UserAction;}private void OnGUI(){GUI.skin.label.fontSize = 30;GUI.depth = 0;if (one.state == State.Win){if (GUI.Button(new Rect(0, 0, 300, 100), "胜利！\n(点我一键重开)")){action.reset();}}GUI.depth = 0;if (one.state == State.Lose){if (GUI.Button(new Rect(0, 0, 300, 100), "失败！\n(点我一键重开)")){action.reset();}}GUI.depth = 0;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(500, 50, 100, 50), "开船！")){action.moveBoat();}GUI.depth = 1;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(450, 300, 75, 50), "左侧下船")){action.offBoatL();}GUI.depth = 10;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(550, 300, 75, 50), "右侧下船")){action.offBoatR();}GUI.depth = 0;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(200, 150, 75, 50), "恶魔上船")){action.devilSOnB();}GUI.depth = 0;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(350 , 150, 75, 50), "神父上船")){action.priestSOnB();}GUI.depth = 0;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(650, 150, 75, 50), "神父上船")){action.priestEOnB();}GUI.depth = 0;if (GUI.Button(new Rect(800, 150, 75, 50), "恶魔上船")){action.devilEOnB();}}
}

演示

演示视频如下：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1u14y1j7e1/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

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Assignment 3

Assignment 3

简答题

编程实践题

Model.cs

Controller.cs

View.cs

演示

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