class Rectangle:def __init__(self, x, y):self.x = xself.y = ydef getPeri(self):return (self.x + self.y) * 2def getArea(self):return self.x * self.yrect = Rectangle(4, 5)
print(rect.getPeri())  # 18
print(rect.getArea())  # 20

class A(object):def __init__(self, value):print("into A __init__")self.value = valuedef __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print("into A __new__")print(cls)return object.__new__(cls)class B(A):def __init__(self, value):print("into B __init__")self.value = valuedef __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print("into B __new__")print(cls)return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)b = B(10)# 结果：
# into B __new__
# <class '__main__.B'>
# into A __new__
# <class '__main__.B'>
# into B __init__class A(object):def __init__(self, value):print("into A __init__")self.value = valuedef __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print("into A __new__")print(cls)return object.__new__(cls)class B(A):def __init__(self, value):print("into B __init__")self.value = valuedef __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print("into B __new__")print(cls)return super().__new__(A, *args, **kwargs)  # 改动了cls变为Ab = B(10)# 结果：
# into B __new__
# <class '__main__.B'>
# into A __new__
# <class '__main__.A'>

class Earth:passa = Earth()
print(id(a))  # 260728291456
b = Earth()
print(id(b))  # 260728291624class Earth:__instance = None  # 定义一个类属性做判断def __new__(cls):if cls.__instance is None:cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)return cls.__instanceelse:return cls.__instancea = Earth()
print(id(a))  # 512320401648
b = Earth()
print(id(b))  # 512320401648

class CapStr(str):def __new__(cls, string):string = string.upper()return str.__new__(cls, string)a = CapStr("i love lsgogroup")
print(a)  # I LOVE LSGOGROUP

class C(object):def __init__(self):print('into C __init__')def __del__(self):print('into C __del__')c1 = C()
# into C __init__
c2 = c1
c3 = c2
del c3
del c2
del c1
# into C __del__

class Cat:"""定义一个猫类"""def __init__(self, new_name, new_age):"""在创建完对象之后 会自动调用, 它完成对象的初始化的功能"""self.name = new_nameself.age = new_agedef __str__(self):"""返回一个对象的描述信息"""return "名字是:%s , 年龄是:%d" % (self.name, self.age)def __repr__(self):"""返回一个对象的描述信息"""return "Cat:(%s,%d)" % (self.name, self.age)def eat(self):print("%s在吃鱼...." % self.name)def drink(self):print("%s在喝可乐..." % self.name)def introduce(self):print("名字是:%s, 年龄是:%d" % (self.name, self.age))# 创建了一个对象
tom = Cat("汤姆", 30)
print(tom)  # 名字是:汤姆 , 年龄是:30
print(str(tom)) # 名字是:汤姆 , 年龄是:30
print(repr(tom))  # Cat:(汤姆,30)
tom.eat()  # 汤姆在吃鱼....
tom.introduce()  # 名字是:汤姆, 年龄是:30 

import datetimetoday = datetime.date.today()
print(str(today))  # 2019-10-11
print(repr(today))  # datetime.date(2019, 10, 11)
print('%s' %today)  # 2019-10-11
print('%r' %today)  # datetime.date(2019, 10, 11)