linux下使用openssl生成 csr crt CA证书，opensslcsr

本文主要借鉴和引用了下面2个地址的内容，然后在自己的机器上进行了测试和执行，并做了如下记录。

ref:

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26760055-id-3128132.html

http://www.111cn.net/sys/linux/61591.htm

创建测试目录

mkdir /tmp/create_key/ca

cd /tmp/create_key/

证书文件生成:

一.服务器端

1.生成服务器端    私钥(key文件);

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3是加密算法,也可以选用其他安全的算法),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果不要口令,则去除口令:openssl rsa -in server.key -out

server.key

2.生成服务器端    证书签名请求文件(csr文件);

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

生成Certificate Signing Request(CSR),生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书.屏幕上将有提示,依照其 提示一步一步输入要求的个人信息即可(如:Country,province,city,company等).

二.客户端

1.生成客户端     私钥(key文件);

openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024

2.生成客户端

证书签名请求文件(csr文件);

openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr

cd  /tmp/create_key/ca

三.生成CA证书文件

#server.csr与client.csr文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书.

1.首先生成CA的key文件:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 1024

2.生成CA自签名证书:

openssl req -new -x509 -key ca.key -out ca.crt

可以加证书过期时间选项 "-days 365".

四.利用CA证书进行签名

openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

openssl

ca -in ../client.csr -out ../client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

这两条执行的时候因为没有指定openssl.cnf

会报错，不过没关系，我们用默认的 /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf 就可以。

不过用默认的时候需要先执行下面两行：

touch

/etc/pki/CA/index.txt

echo

00 > /etc/pki/CA/serial

下面有错误案例分析

#############################################################

根据server.csr 通过CA的ca.crt

ca.key  生成server.crt文件

openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

/etc/pki/CA/index.txt: No such file or directory

unable to open '/etc/pki/CA/index.txt'

140423531685704:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:355:fopen('/etc/pki/CA/index.txt','r')

140423531685704:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:357:

[root@monitor ca]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt             #创建index文件，因为不存在

[root@monitor ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

/etc/pki/CA/serial: No such file or directory

error while loading serial number

139949960836936:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:355:fopen('/etc/pki/CA/serial','r')

139949960836936:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:357:

[root@monitor ca]# echo 00 > /etc/pki/CA/serial                 #创建serial号文件

[root@monitor ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

The organizationName field needed to be the same in the

CA certificate (homelink-ca) and the request (homelink)

#此处报错是因为创建CA的ca.crt 时候 和创建server的server.csr时候

#Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink-ca  和

#Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink

#配置的不再一个域，所以不行，下面重建ca.crt

[root@monitor ca]# openssl req -new -x509 -key ca.key -out ca.crt

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated

into your certificate request.

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank

For some fields there will be a default value,

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.

-----

Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN

State or Province Name (full name) []:bj

Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:bj

Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:homelink

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:homelink-lft

Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:lft

Email Address []:

[root@monitor ca]# ls -lrt

total 8

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:39 ca.key

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 944 May 22 16:16 ca.crt

#重新创建ca.crt后，重新执行，生成成功

[root@monitor ca]# openssl ca -in ../server.csr -out ../server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

Certificate Details:

Serial Number: 0 (0x0)

Validity

Not Before: May 22 08:16:25 2015 GMT

Not After : May 21 08:16:25 2016 GMT

Subject:

countryName = CN

stateOrProvinceName = bj

organizationName = homelink

organizationalUnitName = homelink-lft

commonName = lft

X509v3 extensions:

X509v3 Basic Constraints:

CA:FALSE

Netscape Comment:

OpenSSL Generated Certificate

X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:

00:2C:34:0A:73:5C:1A:E6:39:48:28:6F:8F:02:F6:BC:58:6F:25:55

X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:

keyid:83:70:9D:4E:3F:39:01:3E:7A:CE:B9:2B:0E:1A:FB:00:2A:C3:11:D9

Certificate is to be certified until May 21 08:16:25 2016 GMT (365 days)

Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y

Write out database with 1 new entries

Data Base Updated

[root@monitor ca]# ls -lrt

total 8

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:39 ca.key

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 944 May 22 16:16 ca.crt

[root@monitor ca]# ls -lrt ..

total 28

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 13:51 server.key

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 672 May 22 13:52 server.csr

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 May 22 14:36 client.key

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 672 May 22 14:37 client.csr

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 22 14:40 ca

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 238 May 22 15:07 readme.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3036 May 22 16:16 server.crt

#然后生成客户端的client.crt 文件

openssl ca -in ../client.csr -out ../client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key