【渝粤题库】广东开放大学跨文化商务沟通形成性考核

选择题
题目：
3. The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
选择一项：

题目：
4. The Chinese word “龙” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
选择一项：

题目：
5. “He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is: 他在这一带为非作歹。
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough,
but nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas
such as eye contact, facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time, space,
and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and
space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your
boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed
door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a
project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is
difficult for people who are culturally similar, and it is even more troublesome when
cultures differ.
In Western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as negative. It suggests
rejection, unhappiness, facialexpression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance.
However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese
proverb says, “Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.”
Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry
silent men. Silence is equated with wisdom.
What does a raised eyebrow mean?

题目：
Passage One
       Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”.
       However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
       Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child).

Many words from Chinese and English are the same in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings, such as “fox” and “狐狸”.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
       Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”.
       However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
       Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child).

3. The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
       Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”.
       However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
       Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child).

The Chinese word “龙” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
       Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”.
       However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
       Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child).

“He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is: 他在这一带为非作歹。
选择一项：

题目：

Passage Two
Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough,
but nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas
such as eye contact, facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time, space,
and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and
space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your
boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed
door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a
project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is
difficult for people who are culturally similar, and it is even more troublesome when
cultures differ.
In Western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as negative. It suggests
rejection, unhappiness, facialexpression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance.
However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese
proverb says, “Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.”
Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry
silent men. Silence is equaQuestions 6-10:
Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
ted with wisdom.

How do western people view silence?
选择一项：

题目：
To be honest, she is as stupid as a ________.
选择一项：
题目：
All of the following statements about nonverbal communication are true EXCEPT  _______.
选择一项：
题目：
He is not popular with his coworkers, since he is as cunning as a dead ________.
选择一项：
题目：
“No matter how successful he has become, my brother is still regarded as the black sheep
of the family”. What does “the black sheep” mean here?
选择一项：
题目：
—These days Mr. Smith looks anxious and restless. What happened?
—I heard his wife was in the family way this month.
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication can convey our _______ towards ourselves and towards
the people we are communication with.
选择一项：
题目：
We know that the dog is regarded as man’s best friend in the west, and there are many metaphors that show people’s positive attitude towards the dog, such as _______.
选择一项：
题目：
If you say you are relaxed, yet your voice quavers and your hands shake. The audience
can get the meaning that you are nervous. This is an example of the _______ function
of nonverbal signs.
选择一项：
题目：
Paralanguage includes the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
What a ________ she is. You see, she always talks about her new car while meeting anybody.
选择一项：
题目：
Which of following is NOT a nonverbal behavior in people’s communication?
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication includes all of the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
My mother is always as busy as a ________.
选择一项：
题目：
The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Which rule before an intercultural negotiation is TRUE as a starting point for negotiations to follow? _________.
选择一项：
题目：
The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine best illustrate _________ of Chinese people.
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Deductive pattern of discourse __.
选择一项：
题目：
The “American dream” is clearly a representation of.
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
选择一项：
题目：
Inductive pattern of discourse ___________.
选择一项：
题目：
The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine best illustrate _________ of Chinese people.
选择一项：
题目：
“God help those who help themselves” indicates western cultural values of _________.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
    Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
    It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

2. To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

3. People everywhere use euphemisms.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
    Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
    It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

4. Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

6. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

7. What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication?
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

8. How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

9. What does intercultural awareness mean?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

10. If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, thendeveloping countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
1. Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, thendeveloping countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, thendeveloping countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

3. People everywhere use euphemisms.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
    Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
    It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, thendeveloping countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

4. Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.”
It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木）disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, thendeveloping countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

5. One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
6. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

7. What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication?
选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

8. How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

9. What does intercultural awareness mean?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

10. If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?

选择一项：

题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.

题目：
Paralanguage includes the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
We know that the dog is regarded as man’s best friend in the west, and there are many metaphors that show people’s positive attitude towards the dog, such as _______.
选择一项：
题目：
To be honest, she is as stupid as a ________.
选择一项：
题目：
The “OK” sign means in France that you think something is _________.
选择一项：
题目：
Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings
and connotational meanings. Which of the following is an example for this?
选择一项：
题目：
I often asked Jim lots of questions, for he is as wise as ______.
选择一项：
题目：
My mother is always as busy as a ________.
选择一项：
题目：
“No matter how successful he has become, my brother is still regarded as the black sheep
of the family”. What does “the black sheep” mean here?
选择一项：
题目：
What a ________ she is. You see, she always talks about her new car while meeting anybody.
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication includes all of the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
He is not popular with his coworkers, since he is as cunning as a dead ________.
选择一项：
题目：
Nobody can persuade him to do that. He is as timid as a _______.
选择一项：
题目：
The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Body language can sometimes lead to _______ since people of different cultures often
have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different
interpretations of the same signal.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.
选择一项：

题目：
Nonverbal communication includes all of the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

4. Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.
选择一项：

题目：
Which of following is NOT a nonverbal behavior in people’s communication?
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?
选择一项：

题目：
Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings
and connotational meanings. Which of the following is an example for this?
选择一项：
题目：
Nobody can persuade him to do that. He is as timid as a _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

7. As a superior you give face ________.
选择一项：

题目：
I often asked Jim lots of questions, for he is as wise as ______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

8. As a subordinate you give face ________.
选择一项：

题目：
Paralanguage includes the following but NOT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

9. Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
选择一项：

题目：
The “OK” sign means in France that you think something is _________.
选择一项：
题目：
He is not popular with his coworkers, since he is as cunning as a dead ________.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

10. According to the author, how are face and harmony related?
选择一项：

题目：
—These days Mr. Smith looks anxious and restless. What happened?
—I heard his wife was in the family way this month.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.
选择一项：

题目：
We know that the dog is regarded as man’s best friend in the west, and there are many metaphors that show people’s positive attitude towards the dog, such as _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.

题目：
What a ________ she is. You see, she always talks about her new car while meeting anybody.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

3. Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.
选择一项：

题目：
All of the following statements about nonverbal communication are true EXCEPT _______.
选择一项：
题目：
The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _______.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance（权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

5. Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.
选择一项：

题目：
Body language can sometimes lead to _______ since people of different cultures often
have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different
interpretations of the same signal.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?

题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

7. As a superior you give face ________.
选择一项：

题目：
While you are saying “You must do it”, you hit the table with your fist. This means that nonverbal behaviors can be used to emphasize verbal messages.

选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

8. As a subordinate you give face ________.
选择一项：

题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of contradicting verbal communication.
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of complementing verbal communication.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

9. Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
选择一项：

题目：
Silence may be interpreted in completly the same way in different cultures.
选择一项：
题目：
When doing business with people from countries that adhere to P-time schedules,
the meetings typically end at the appointed time.
选择一项：
题目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.

10. According to the author, how are face and harmony related?
选择一项：

题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of substituting for verbal communication.
选择一项：
题目：
In all cultures people nod to show agreement.
选择一项：
题目：
Meanings of words are usually conventionalized, influenced enormouslyby culture.
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of accenting verbal communication.
选择一项：
题目：
When contradicting the verbal messages, nonverbal messages tend to be more
believable, because many of our nonverbal actions take place on a subconscious level.
选择一项：
题目：
Paralanguage refers to the sounds we make but not the words we use.

选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of contradicting verbal communication.
选择一项：
题目：
When contradicting the verbal messages, nonverbal messages tend to be more
believable, because many of our nonverbal actions take place on a subconscious level.
选择一项：
题目：
When nonverbal behavior contradicts a verbal message, people tend to believe the
nonverbal message more because it happens at a more subconscious level.
选择一项：
题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of accenting verbal communication.
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题目：
When nonverbal behavior contradicts a verbal message, people tend to believe the
verbal message more because it happens at a more conscious level.
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题目：
When you enter a library, the librarian may place his/her index finger to the lips after saying “Be quiet”.Thismeans that nonverbal behaviors can be used in order to repeat or clarify verbal messages.
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题目：
A boss who pats an employee on the back in addition to giving praise can increasethe impact of the message.This means that nonverbal behaviors can add moreinformation to verbal messages.
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题目：
Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of regulating verbal communication.
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题目：
When contradicting the nonverbal messages, verbal messages tend to be more
believable, because many of our verbal actions take place on a conscious level.
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题目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
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题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
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题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
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题目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.
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题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
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题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
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题目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
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题目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
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题目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
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题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水难收” is ______.
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题目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably pulling your leg.
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题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
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题目：
We seldom see you, but you are off the next minute.
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题目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.
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题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
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题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
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题目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.
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题目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
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题目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水难收” is ______.
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题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
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题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
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题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
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题目：
Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
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题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
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题目：
Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
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题目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
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题目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
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题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
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题目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
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题目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
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题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
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题目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”
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题目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
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题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
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题目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.
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题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
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题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水难收” is ______.
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题目：
Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
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题目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably pulling your leg.
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题目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.
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题目：
Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
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题目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him.
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题目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.
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题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
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题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
选择一项：
题目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
选择一项：
题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
选择一项：
题目：
Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
选择一项：
题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水难收” is ______.
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题目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
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题目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”
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题目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
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题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
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题目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
选择一项：
题目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
选择一项：
题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
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题目：
Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
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题目：
Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
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题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
选择一项：
题目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.
选择一项：
题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
选择一项：
题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
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题目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.
选择一项：
题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
选择一项：
题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
选择一项：
题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
选择一项：
题目：
Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
选择一项：
题目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.
选择一项：
题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
选择一项：
题目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably pulling your leg.
选择一项：
题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
选择一项：
题目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him.
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题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
选择一项：
题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
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题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
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题目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
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题目：
We seldom see you, but you are off the next minute.
选择一项：

题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
选择一项：
题目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”
选择一项：
题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
选择一项：
题目：
What a fabulous car — I’m very jealous.
选择一项：
题目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.
选择一项：
题目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.
选择一项：
题目：
Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
选择一项：
题目：
Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
选择一项：
题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟无欺”is ______.
选择一项：
题目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水难收” is ______.
选择一项：
题目：
She has been in very good health after she made a habit of jogging every morning.
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题目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
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题目：
Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
选择一项：
题目：
That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
选择一项：
题目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
选择一项：
题目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him.
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题目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and men are dominant.

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题目：
Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
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题目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and women are dominant.

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题目：
Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.
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题目：
In most Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven relationship through more negotiations.
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题目：
The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.
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题目：
Japanese negotiators tend to put more emphasis on the literal meanings of words used in negotiation and less emphasis on the relationships established before negotiating begins.
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题目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.

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题目：
It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
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题目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.
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题目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.

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题目：
Inductive thought pattern is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards.
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题目：
It is insufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.
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题目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
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题目：
In Arabic culture, confrontation is acceptable during negotiations.
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题目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
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题目：
The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.
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题目：
At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.

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题目：
American negotiators take a serious approach to punctuality.
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题目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.
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题目：
Chinese businesspeople expect a prolonged “getting to know you” process at the beginning of negotiations.
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题目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.

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题目：
In most Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven relationship through more negotiations.
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题目：
Inductive thought pattern tends to use a “topic-comment” order of presentation.
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题目：
Sweden negotiators take a serious approach to punctuality.
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题目：
At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.

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题目：
Confrontation is acceptable during negotiations in Japan.
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题目：
Deductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.
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题目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
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题目：
The values and behaviors of a particular culture may not be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture.
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题目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and men are dominant.

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题目：
Chinese businesspeople expect a prolonged “getting to know you” process at the beginning of negotiations.
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题目：
Deductive thought pattern is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards.

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题目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
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题目：
Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
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题目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.
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题目：
It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
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题目：Good communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personally and professionally.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating or complementing verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of regulating verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of complementing or contradicting verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of regulating or substituting for verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of accenting or regulating verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal behaviorscan be used to emphasize verbal messages.
题目：Silence can be interpreted in the same way in all cultures.
题目：A strong gesture, raised voice and uncommon facial expressions all add force to a particular point in a verbal symbol.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of contradicting verbal communication.
题目：Words do not mean anything by themselves; people attributemeaning to them.
题目：Nonverbal behaviors can add more information to verbal messages.
题目：In both English and Chinese languages, the denotation of“fox”and “狐狸” is an animal, with the same connotation of“cunning”（狡猾的）.
题目： The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cast the pearls before the swine” is “对牛弹琴”。
题目： The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “as cunning as a dead pig” is “像狐狸一样狡猾”。
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “like a drowned rat” is “落汤鸡”。
题目：For many words there are both denotations and connotations.
题目：Silence may be interpreted differently in different cultures.
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “as stupid as a goose” is “蠢得像猪”。
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of accenting verbal communication.
题目：The handshake is the most common touching behavior of greeting business people.
题目： The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to work like a horse” is“像黄牛一样干活"。
题目：Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings. Which of the following is an example for this?
题目：First name is used almost immediately by people from the United States.
题目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
题目：During the business meeting and negotiation with the Chinese在, it is impretive that you bring your own interpreter, especially if you plan to discuss legal or extremely technical concepts.
题目：Weather and foods are appropriate topics of conversation in the USA.
题目：Compared with that in Chinese, red is related more with something dangerous in English.
题目：Arrive on time for meetings since time and punctuality are so important to Americans.
题目：enerally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
题目：Travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
题目：Like Greek and Roman mythology, the Bible is anothere source of English idioms.
题目：Several factors of culture influence the meaings and usage of idioms, including geography, agriculture, literature and art, history, religion, social customs and so on.
题目：Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical British reaction is to show modesty and humility.
题目：The person ahead of Wang Lin in line （排队）at a café dropped his pen. Wang Lin picked it up and gave it back to him. When he said “Thank you”, Wang Lin answered “Never mind.” This is the inappropriate response for him.
题目：While doing business in China, to establish contacts before you invest in a trip is of crucial importance.
题目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
题目：Making appointment ahead of time is extremely important in the United States.
题目：Euphemisms are inoffensive expressions that are used in place of words with negative connotations.
题目：As soon as the lecture （讲座）was over, a student went up to the lecturer (a native professor from the Untied Kingdom) and said, “You must be very tired. You’d better have a rest.” This is the appropriate way to show respect.
题目：Politics is an appropriate topic of conversation in the USA.
题目：The Chinese view punctuality a sa virtue. Arriving late for busines meetings is an insult and could negatively affect your relationship.
题目：Since she didn’t want to upset her daughter, so she told a ________ lie.
题目：His father has been in very good health after he began jogging every morning three months ago.
题目：Such cultures as Indonesia, Pakistan and West Africa all have relatively low individualistic index and prefer a collectivist orientation as a culture value.
题目：Where collectivism is low, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
题目：Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of men.
题目：Cultures such as Australia, Belgium and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
题目：Deductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.
题目：Nations with a strong uncertainty avoidance tendency are Peru, Japan, Finland and the Netherlands.
题目：Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
题目：Nations such as Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden tend towards a masculine
题目：The words masulinity and femininity do not refer to men and women, but refer to the degree to which masculine or feminine traits are valued and reserved.
题目：It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
题目：Low-power-distance countries such as Austria, Finland and Greece hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.
题目：Countries like Brazil, Japan and South Korea rank high in long-term orientation index.
题目：Low-power-distance countries such as Norway, the United States and India hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.
题目：Cultures such as the Netherlands, the United States and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
题目：Deductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
题目：The values and behaviors of a particular culture may be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture.
题目：People in high-power-distance countries such as Singapore, Greece and France believe that power and authority are facts of life. Both consciously and unconsciously, these cultures teach their members that people are not equal in this world and that everybody has a rightful place in the society.
题目：Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and
题目：Which of the following is an example for this?
题目：My mother is always as busy as a ________.
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to work like a horse” is“像黄牛一样干活"。
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “a rat in a hole” is “瓮中之鳖”。
题目：The handshake is the most common touching behavior of greeting business people.
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cast the pearls before the swine” is “对牛弹琴”。
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating or substituting for verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbalbehaviors can be used in order to repeat or clarify verbal messages.
题目：The physical environment of a culture influences the development of vocabulary.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of accenting verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or contradicting verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of complementing or substituting for verbal
题目：Directions: Read the following terms of intercultural communication and choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
题目：Nonverbal behaviorscan be used to emphasize verbal messages.
题目：All of our nonverbal behaviors—the gestures we make, the way we sit, how mucheye contact we make, how fast or how loud we talk, and how close we stand—send strong messages.
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to kill two birds with one stone” is“一箭双雕" or “一举两得”。
题目：Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of accenting verbal communication.
题目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or regulating verbal communication.
题目：Where do their meanings come from? The answer is that meanings of words are usually conventionalized, influenced enormously by culture.
题目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cry up wine and sell vinegar” is“挂羊头卖狗肉"。
题目：In the west, the most unwelcome number is “thirteen” becauseof its relation to the death of Jesus Christ after the Last Supper.
题目：1. as busy as a
题目：2. as proud as a
题目：3. as stupid as a
题目：4. as black as a
题目：5. as quiet as a
题目：6. as cunning as a dead
题目：7. as hungry as a
题目：8. to kill two
题目：9. a
题目：10. a
题目：Passage One Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”. However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing). Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child). Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.1. Some English words about animals carry both denotative and connotative meanings.
题目：2. Many words from Chinese and English are the same in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings, such as “fox” and “狐狸”.
题目：The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
题目：The Chinese word “龙” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
题目：“He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is: 他在这一带为非作歹。
题目：Passage Two Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough, but nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas such as eye contact, facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time, space, and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is difficult for people who are culturally similar, and it is even more troublesome when cultures differ. n Western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as negative. It suggests rejection, unhappiness, facial expression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance. However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese proverb says, “Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.” Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry silent men. Silence is equated with wisdom. Questions 6-10: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. According to this passage, what does nonverbal communication include?
题目：What does a raised eyebrow mean?
题目：What is the main idea of Paragraph One?
题目：How do western people view silence?
题目：10.“Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.”What does this Japanese proverb imply?
题目：Directions: Read the following English proverbs and sayings, and then choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
题目：Directions: Read the following terms of intercultural communication and choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
题目：Passage One Euphemism（委婉语）as a figure of speech（修辞手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社会语言学家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（认知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（现实的混乱）.” It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （环境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（谴责） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德败坏）. “In the hearings（听证会）, criminality （犯罪行为） is given scores of numbing （使麻木） disguises（隐藏）… the roster（名册）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行为）, laundered money（洗钱）, telephone anomalies（电话异常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them. Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（军事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（号召）revenue enhancements （加强预算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不发达国家）, then developing countries（发展中国家）and then emerging nations（新兴国家）took its places. Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage. 1. Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.
题目：To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.
题目：People everywhere use euphemisms.
题目：Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.
题目：One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
题目：Passage Two The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保证）that interpersonal communication is successful. Intercultural awareness（跨文化意识）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（减少）the possibility of misunderstandings （误解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively. One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顾问）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻碍）the success of a presentation. Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
题目：What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication?
题目：How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?
题目：What does intercultural awareness mean?
题目：If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?
题目：Passage One According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points: Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）. Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance （权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese. Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage. 1. Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.
题目：Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.
题目：Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.
题目：Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.
题目：Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.
题目：Passage Two Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the inferior （级别、地位较低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to （试图）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退让）. Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese. In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）. Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?
题目：As a superior you give face ________.
题目：As a subordinate you give face ________.
题目：9. Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
题目：9. According to the author, how are face and harmony related?
题目：1. Mike was in a mood yesterday.
题目：2.Don’t wave a flag in front of him; he failed the driving test again.
题目：Since my brother was appointed the CEO, the company has been running in the
题目：4.Don’t be -eyed. Work hard and you’ll make progress soon.
题目：A computer would be a elephant to him, because he doesn’t know how to use it.
题目：I just can’t understand why you would marry him. He is a dog.
题目：7.Do you know the man who’s in a study under the tree over there?
题目：You expected too much of her. She is a hand in teaching English, anyway.
题目：9.We had thought Tom wouldn’t come to our party but he arrived out of the
题目：That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
题目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
题目：When engaging in a small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one’s family and political discussions may be inappropriate topics in some cultures.
题目：Age is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
题目：Politics is an appropriate topic of conversation in the USA.
题目：Several factors of culture influence the meaings and usage of idioms, including geography, agriculture, literature and art, history, religion, social customs and so on.
题目：On the way to the school library, Xiao Song saw Professor Williams walking to the library, too. “Where are you going?” is not the appropriate utterance（话语）for Xiao Song.
题目：First name is used almost immediately by people from China.
题目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
题目：Travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
题目：Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical Western reaction is to show modesty and humility.
题目：In high masculinity societies, sex roles are not clearly differentiated and men are dominant.
题目：Deductive thought pattern tends to use a “topic-comment” order of presentation.
题目：Feminine cultures expect men to be assertive, ambitious, and competitive.
题目：In high masculinity societies, sex roles are not differentiated and women are not dominant.
题目：Nations with a strong uncertainty avoidance tendency are Portugal, Greece, Denamark and Norway.
题目：Cultures such as Australia, Belgium and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
题目：Cultures such as the Netherlands, the United States and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
题目：Individualistic cultures require an absolute loyalty to the group.
题目：It is sufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.
题目：It is insufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.
题目：Wang Gang is invited to a meal at the home of an American couple. He is offered a second helping but he has already had enough, so he says, “That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty. Thanks. ” This is the appropriate utterance（话语）for him.
题目：Logo gifts are fine as small tokens and remembrances for meetings held, not generally as the sincerest form of a thank-you gift.
题目：Xiao Li works as a secretary in the International Computer Engineering Corporation. One day she worked very late. Her boss said to her, "Thanks a lot. That’s a great help."The most appropriate response（回应）for Xiao Li would be “It’s nothing.”
题目：The procedure for making introductions varies from culture to culture. First names are used almost immediately by people from UK and the USA.
题目：Wang Ming is invited to a meal at the home of an American couple. He is offered a second helping but he has already had enough, so he says, “That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty. Thanks. ” This is the appropriate utterance（话语）for him.
题目：When engaging in a small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one’s family and political discussions are always the appropriate topics in all cultures.
题目：Weather, travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
题目：As soon as the lecture （讲座）was over, a student went up to the lecturer (a native professor from the Untied States) and said, “You must be very tired. You’d better have a rest.” This is the inappropriate way to show respect.
题目：Weather, travel and foods are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
题目：Because of the cultural differences, many idioms come from history only have half-equivalent idioms in another language.
题目：The procedure for making introductions varies from culture to culture. First names are used almost immediately by people from Germany and Italy.
题目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
题目：Age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
题目：Idioms are heavily loaded with culture.
题目：The connotation of the black color is the same in both English and Chinese cultures.
题目：First name is used almost immediately by people from China.
题目：An idiom does not allow any change in its structure.
题目：On the way to the school library, Xiao Song saw Professor Williams walking to the library, too. “Where are you going?” is not the appropriate utterance（话语）for Xiao Song.
题目：Red in Chinese is only associated with prosperity and success or celebration.
题目：While doing business in China, it is crucial that you arrive at meetings on time or slightly early.
题目：If you make a presentation in a business meeting and the audience are the Americans, it should be direct and to the point.
题目：All cultures require and value politeness, and the ways in which the politeness is achieved is the same.
题目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
题目：Weather and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the USA.
题目：We can find many equivalent idioms and proverbs between English and Chinese.
题目：The person ahead of Wang Lin in line （排队）at a café dropped his pen. Wang Lin picked it up and gave it back to him. When he said “Thank you”, Wang Lin answered “Never mind.”This is the inappropriate response for him.
答案：
A、1

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