流媒体流媒体ffmpeg

The future of game streaming is an open road. But we already have some markets we can use to draw a map: online video streaming services. If we’re not careful, game streaming will hit the same speed bumps.

游戏流媒体的未来是一条开放之路。 但是我们已经有了一些可以用来绘制地图的市场：在线视频流服务。 如果我们不小心，游戏流将达到相同的速度颠簸。

As Microsoft, Sony, NVIDIA, Google, and others start to ramp up their game streaming subscription services, we can already see what the biggest problem for gamers will be: an increasingly fragmented selection. As platforms and consoles fight to get the biggest and best games on their streaming service, and only their streaming service, gamers will find that it’s impossible to play all the titles they want on just one of them. Not that this is anything new for the gaming industry, of course: it’s the good old-fashioned platform exclusivity problem, now spread out among more and more platforms.

随着Microsoft，Sony，NVIDIA，Google和其他公司开始增加其游戏流订阅服务，我们已经可以看到游戏玩家面临的最大问题是：选择越来越分散。 随着平台和游戏机争取在其流媒体服务上获得最大，最好的游戏，而只有流媒体服务，游戏玩家会发现不可能只在其中之一上播放所有想要的游戏。 当然，这并不是游戏行业的新事物：这是一个很好的老式平台独占性问题，现在已经在越来越多的平台中蔓延。

在地平线上串流织机 (Streaming Looms On The Horizon)

To be clear about our terms: the “game streaming” in this article refers to playing video games in your home over a broadband connection, where the actual hardware that hosts the game (the PC or game console doing the number-crunching) is on a server somewhere.

要明确我们的术语：本文中的“游戏流媒体”是指通过宽带连接在家中玩视频游戏，托管游戏的实际硬件(进行数字运算的PC或游戏机)处于打开状态一台服务器。

Current examples include PlayStation Now, which streams a selection of PS2, PS3, and PS4 games to either a regular PS4 or a program running on your computer, NVIDIA GeForce NOW, which can stream full-power PC games to either the NVIDIA SHIELD set-top box or PCs, and Google’s Project Stream, which used a single PC game in a test run earlier this year.

当前的示例包括PlayStation Now (可将各种PS2，PS3和PS4游戏流式传输到常规PS4或计算机上运行的程序)， NVIDIA GeForce NOW (可将全功能PC游戏流式传输到NVIDIA SHIELD集)。机顶盒或PC，以及Google的Project Stream ，它在今年初的测试中使用了一个PC游戏。

We’re not talking about streaming video of someone else playing a game that you watch on a service like YouTube or Twitch.

我们并不是在谈论流媒体视频中有人在玩您在YouTube或Twitch等服务上观看的游戏。

If you’re not familiar with it: game streaming is very cool. It enables someone with minimal hardware, like, say, a $200 SHIELD, to play games that are otherwise limited to a $1000 gaming PC. It doesn’t need local media or massive 50GB downloads, and a relatively small monthly charge can give you access to hundreds of games, a la the Netflix setup. Regarding pure hardware, the only real downer is that you need a solid broadband connection: most of these services recommend 25 Mbps, but I’ve found that they tend to stutter on anything less than 50.

如果您不熟悉它：游戏流媒体非常酷。 它使具有最少硬件(例如200美元的SHIELD)的人能够玩游戏，而这些游戏原本仅限于1000美元的游戏PC。 它不需要本地媒体或大量的50GB下载，而且相对较低的月租费用可以让您访问数百种游戏，就像Netflix一样。 关于纯硬件，唯一真正的缺点是您需要稳定的宽带连接：这些服务大多数都建议25 Mbps，但我发现它们往往会阻塞少于50的任何内容。

With those pieces in place, the experience is pretty amazing. You can play games at maximum graphical settings with almost perfect sync, including the fastest multiplayer shooters or fighters. And it’s only going to get better and more available: Microsoft is heavily rumored to be developing a streaming-only version of the next Xbox console, the service of which would undoubtedly be available on Windows, too. Even Nintendo is dipping a toe in: the company is currently streaming some older titles to SHIELD owners in China. Predictably, Amazon is looking to get in on this action as well.

有了这些片段，体验就非常了不起。 您可以在几乎完全同步的最大图形设置下玩游戏，包括最快的多人射击游戏或格斗游戏。 而且它只会变得更好，更多可用：有传言称微软正在开发下一代Xbox控制台的仅流式版本 ，该服务无疑也将在Windows上可用。 甚至任天堂也开始涉足 ：该公司目前正在向中国的SHIELD所有者分发一些较早的游戏。 可以预见， 亚马逊也希望采取这种行动 。

Here’s where the “but” comes in.

这是“ but”出现的地方。

图书馆问题 (The Library Problem)

Streaming video services are fighting tooth and nail to get original, exclusive content: Netflix has its high-profile Marvel series, conventional shows like Orange is the New Black, and even full theatrical movies like Bird Box. Hulu has exclusives like The Handmaid’s Tale and continuations like The Mindy Project. Amazon Prime video is home to shows like The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel and The Man in the High Castle.

流媒体视频服务正在竭尽全力以获取原创的独家内容：Netflix拥有引人注目的Marvel系列节目，像《 Orange is the New Black》等传统节目，甚至是《 Bird Box》等完整的戏剧电影。 Hulu拥有诸如《女仆的故事》之类的独家作品和诸如The Mindy Project之类的延续作品。 亚马逊Prime视频是The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel和The Man in the High Castle等节目的所在地。

And all of that’s great! These services are becoming powerful production houses in their own right. But if you’re trying to watch one or more shows from each service, as many do in this “golden age of television,” you’re going to have to subscribe to them all. Want the new Star Trek or Twilight Zone shows? Add CBS All Access on top. How about the Teen Titans or Young Justice superhero shows from DC? Add on DC Universe. Want new Marvel and Star Wars shows? There’s that new Disney service coming later this year.

所有这些都很棒！ 这些服务本身已成为功能强大的生产机构。 但是，如果您想观看每种服务的一个或多个节目，就像这个“电视黄金时代”中的许多节目一样，您将必须全部订阅。 想要新的《 星际迷航》或《 暮光之城》节目吗？ 在顶部添加CBS All Access。 DC的《 少年泰坦》或《 少年正义联盟》超级英雄怎么样？ 添加DC Universe。 想要新的漫威和星球大战表演吗？ 今年晚些时候将推出新的迪士尼服务。

The promise of online TV was a-la-carte watching, with no one ever forced to pay for something they didn’t want, like cable. But a decade later, we have the same cable problem in a new outfit. To get all the TV you want, you’re going to have to pay for a lot of it that you don’t. There are ways around this, like subscribing to one service at a time and binging all of its content, then moving on to the next. But that’s hardly ideal, especially when things like Amazon Prime bundle programming with other Prime services. Most people who watch all their content online are going to need to pay for at least two concurrent services, even if they don’t need access to live TV for sports and news.

在线电视的承诺是点菜观看，没有人被迫为自己不想要的东西付费，例如有线电视。 但是十年后， 我们在一套新衣服上也遇到了同样的电缆问题 。 要获得所有想要的电视，您将需要支付很多您不需要的电视。 有多种解决方法，例如一次订阅一项服务并结合其所有内容，然后再转到下一项 。 但这并不理想，特别是当Amazon Prime将编程与其他Prime服务捆绑在一起时。 即使不需要观看体育和新闻直播电视，大多数在线观看其所有内容的人也将需要至少两项并发服务的费用。

This problem is going to apply to streaming game services as well. Now, not only will gamers have to deal with platform-exclusive titles like The Last of Us or Spider-Man on PlayStation and Smash Bros and Zelda on the Switch, they’ll have to juggle which of their games can be played all-online or only locally. Which ones are included in the service fee, and which ones need to be purchased just to play remotely? Flip a coin.

这个问题也将适用于流媒体游戏服务。 现在，游戏玩家不仅要应对平台独有的游戏，例如PlayStation 上的The Last of Us或Spider-Man以及Switch上的Smash Bros和Zelda ，还需要弄清楚哪些游戏可以全在线播放或仅在本地。 服务费中包括哪些服务？仅需远程购买就需要购买哪些服务？ 抛硬币。

If you’re frustrated with the decentralized nature of premium online TV, wait until you’re doing the same for new $60 games.

如果您对高级在线电视的分散性感到沮丧，请等到为60美元的新游戏做同样的事情。

可能的解决方案：控制台发布者要求和“出租” PC (Possible Solutions: Console Publisher Requirements And “Renting” PCs)

There’s a new console generation due in 2020 or so, at least for Microsoft and Sony. This is generally when battle lines are drawn, and new exclusives are solidified. But assuming both Sony and Microsoft are planning with an eye to focus on game streaming, it’s an opportunity to avoid at least some of this market fracturing.

至少在微软和索尼看来，到2020年左右会有新一代的主机。 通常，这是在划定战线并且巩固新的独家授权时。 但是假设索尼和微软都计划着眼于游戏流媒体，那么这是避免至少部分市场崩溃的机会。

At the moment, each streaming service has to negotiate with developers and publishers to get games. Once those agreements are made, the service can host games on their backend and deliver them to customers, either as a freebie included with the subscription or an optional all-digital purchase. But as the owners of the Xbox and PlayStation brands, Microsoft and Sony can use a little good old-fashioned corporate strong-arming to make their streaming services stand out.

目前，每个流媒体服务都必须与开发人员和发行商协商以获取游戏。 一旦达成这些协议，该服务就可以在其后端托管游戏，并将其作为订阅随附的免费赠品或可选的全数字购买方式交付给客户。 但是作为Xbox和PlayStation品牌的所有者，微软和索尼可以使用一些不错的老式公司强大的武器来使其流媒体服务脱颖而出。

You see, developers and publishers also have to pay for licenses to release console games—that’s why games on the Xbox, PlayStation, and Switch are generally more expensive than they are on the wide-open PC market.

您会发现，开发人员和发行商还必须支付发行控制台游戏的许可费用，这就是Xbox，PlayStation和Switch上的游戏通常比开放PC市场上的游戏更昂贵的原因。

If game makers want access to the built-in audience on Xbox or PlayStation, Microsoft and Sony can make participation in their streaming services a condition of publishing on their consoles. Want a game released on the Xbox Two or PlayStation 5? Good! You’re also going to make it available for streaming.

如果游戏制造商希望访问Xbox或PlayStation上的内置观众，则Microsoft和Sony可以将其流媒体服务的参与作为在其控制台上发布的条件。 想要在Xbox Two或PlayStation 5上发布游戏吗？ 好！ 您还将使它可用于流式传输。

This strong-arm approach won’t solve the decentralized problem for gamers, but assuming that both Microsoft and Sony implement it in some way for the next generation of consoles, it might at least mean that the transition to streaming games is no more fragmented than the current market. The big industry names will still fight over exclusives, but players won’t have to wonder whether that hot new game can be played on their Xbox Stream (or whatever the name might be). Of course, things get more complicated on the PC.

这种强大的方法无法解决游戏玩家的分散性问题，但假设微软和索尼双方都以某种方式为下一代游戏机实现了分散化的问题，则至少可能意味着向流媒体游戏的过渡不会比零星分散当前市场。 大型行业名称仍将争夺专有权，但玩家不必怀疑该热门新游戏是否可以在其Xbox Stream上播放(或使用任何名称)。 当然，在PC上事情变得更加复杂。

Streaming that relies on PC games is even more decentralized, and services from NVIDIA, Google, and Amazon won’t be able to use that tactic. Take a look at the current library for GeForce NOW for a prime example: it’s a scattershot of AAA publishers. Big names like Valve, Ubisoft, Activision-Blizzard, Take Two, and Bethesda are represented, but titles from EA are missing (thanks, Origin) and smaller indie games and older classics are notably thin on the ground. But consumers may be able to benefit from the PC platform in another way. That same wide-open approach is what enables smaller and more competitive services like Shadow.

依赖PC游戏的流媒体更加分散，并且NVIDIA，Google和Amazon的服务将无法使用这种策略。 看看GeForce NOW的当前库为主要示例：这是AAA发布者的分散图。 代表了Valve，Ubisoft，Activision-Blizzard，Take Two和Bethesda等大牌，但缺少EA的游戏(感谢，Origin)，较小的独立游戏和较老的经典游戏在地上显得很薄。 但是，消费者可能能够以其他方式从PC平台中受益。 同样的开放方式也可以使诸如Shadow之类的更小，更具竞争力的服务成为可能 。

Shadow allows users to essentially “rent” a virtual high-power gaming PC, and access it from any low-power Windows, macOS, Android, or Linux device, with iOS support coming soon. This solution means you still need to manage game installations and performance yourself, but it makes that gaming content available more or less anywhere you can get a solid broadband connection, with 4K and 144Hz options available, too.  Shadow even allows for local and remote backups.

Shadow允许用户从本质上“租用”虚拟的高功率游戏PC，并可以从任何低功率的Windows，macOS，Android或Linux设备访问它，并且很快就会获得iOS支持。 该解决方案意味着您仍然需要自己管理游戏的安装和性能，但是它使游戏内容或多或少地可以在您可以获得稳定宽带连接的任何地方可用，并且还提供4K和144Hz选项。 Shadow甚至允许本地和远程备份。

The service is $35 a month and doesn’t include an all-you-can-eat library, but the low cost of PC games in sales and bundles can help offset that—a game that goes for $20 or $30 on consoles can often be found for five bucks during a Steam sale. It’s a promising and flexible approach, though it might turn off gamers hoping for streaming simplicity.

这项服务每月35美元，不包括任您选择的图书馆，但是PC游戏在销售和捆绑销售中的低成本可以帮助抵消这一费用-一款售价为20或30美元的游戏机通常可以在Steam交易中发现了5美元。 这是一种有前途且灵活的方法，尽管它可能会使希望流式传输简化的游戏玩家无法使用。

Streaming games solves some big problems, especially when it comes to cost. If you have an internet connection that can handle it, you’ll have some really exciting options in the near future. You’ll also have a fresh set of annoyances to deal with. The streaming game platform that solves or at least minimizes these annoyances will come out on top.

流媒体游戏解决了一些大问题，尤其是在成本方面。 如果您拥有可以处理的互联网连接，那么在不久的将来您将有一些非常令人兴奋的选择。 您还将遇到一些新的烦恼。 解决或至少减少这些烦恼的流媒体游戏平台将脱颖而出。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/404376/game-streaming-services-will-face-the-same-problems-as-streaming-tv/

流媒体流媒体ffmpeg