MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

0. 安装摘要

清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB 等；
下载 MYSQL RPM包；
安装、配置、启动；
修改 root 密码；
创建数据库、用户和授权等；

1. 清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB

检测系统是否自带安装 mysql:

如果你系统有安装，那可以选择进行卸载:

-- 普通删除模式
rpm -e mysql　　
-- 强制删除模式（不考虑依赖关系）
rpm -e --nodeps mysql

2. 下载

本次安装版本为：mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

方式一：Download MySQL Community Server 官方页面自行下载
- https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
方式二：wget 或下载工具下载
- cdn.mysql.com
- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压：

[root@cdhslave5 mysql]# tar xvf  mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压后当前目录包含：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  472381440 Jan 10 09:23 mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  23814860 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415    336476 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3748072 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  39278972 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 136172856 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2177676 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   1723320 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 159637208 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 105476736 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

另附 yum 方式安装

yum install mysql
yum install mysql-server
yum install mysql-devel

3. 安装、配置、启动

3.1 安装

-- 需使用root权限安装# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-- 默认将安装在 /var/lib/mysql 目录
-- 默认mysqld 日志将在 /var/log/mysqld.log

3.2 配置

-- 备份配置文件
# cp /etc/my.cnf  /etc/my.cnf.bak-- 修改配置文件
# vim /etc/my.cnf-- 增加以下配置
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'

完整示例见附录一：my.cnf 完整示例。

3.3 启动

-- 1. 启动服务
# service mysqld start-- 2. 设置开机自启动
# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off-- 如果列表中没有mysqld，先添加，在设置开启自启动：
chkconfig add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
-- 检测列表，如果对应mysqld对应6项中有3项是on则可认为设置成功-- 其他支持的操作
# service mysqld start/stop/status

如果报/tmp/mysql.sock相关错，关闭服务后尝试建立一下软连接：

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

4. 修改 root 密码

MySQL 5.7.20 版本启动后会自动生成root的临时密码，需要立即修改。

密码生成在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。

4.1 获取 root 临时密码

# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-01-10T01:32:00.763478Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rP/,Fox)h9pn

4.2 修改 root 密码

-- 密码有安全等级要求
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED by 'you-root-password';-- 可正常操作-- 查看数据库mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+-- 查看字符编码mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name                        | Value                      |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client                 | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection             | utf8                       |
| character_set_database               | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem             | binary                     |
| character_set_results                | utf8                       |
| character_set_server                 | utf8                       |
| character_set_system                 | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir                   | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1                          |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+-- 查看大小写是否敏感
mysql> show variables like '%lower%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 1     |
+------------------------+-------+

5. 创建数据库、用户和授权等

5.1 创建数据库

-- UTF8
CREATE DATABASE `test2` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;-- GBK
CREATE DATABASE test2 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

示例：

CREATE DATABASE sentry DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE hive DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_dev DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_test DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_demo DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

5.2 创建用户

CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

如果让该用户可以从任意远程主机登录,可以使用通配符%. 另密码可以为空。

示例：

CREATE USER 'dog'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'pig'@'192.168.1.101_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '';
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%';
CREATE USER 'sentry'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
CREATE USER 'rcr'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';

** 注意禁止使用root做应用连接**

5.3 授权

GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_dev.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_test.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_demo.* TO 'rcr'@'%';FLUSH PRIVILEGES

-- 测试访问[futeng@FTRMBP ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.129.115 -urcr -pmysql&gt; show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hive               |
| rcr_demo           |
| rcr_dev            |
| rcr_test           |
| sentry             |
+--------------------+

附录一：my.cnf 完整示例

[root@cdhslave5 futeng]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[mysqld]# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockcharacter_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

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MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

0. 安装摘要

1. 清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB

2. 下载

3. 安装、配置、启动

3.1 安装

3.2 配置

3.3 启动

4. 修改 root 密码

4.1 获取 root 临时密码

4.2 修改 root 密码

5. 创建数据库、用户和授权等

5.1 创建数据库

5.2 创建用户

5.3 授权

附录一：my.cnf 完整示例

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