Linux和Unix的区别

我其实非常想了解一些关于Unix的事情，比如某个命令，比如某种机制的实现。我对此热情不减，好几年了。

然而很难。我只要搜一些关于这方面的东西，结果全都是关于Linux的，搞得好像Linux就是Unix似的。使我不得开心颜。

我有点恶心Linux了。

Why is it so hard to get something about Unix.

Unix的搜索结果几乎全部都是一些宏观方面的什么哲学，思想，影响之类的，貌似经理很喜欢的那种写在ppt上的东西。只要涉及具体的东西，全都是Linux。

The mistake is that programmers treat the source code as everything. But the world is not made up of source code!

In addition to the code, but also the spirit. Yes, what you need to live is not code, but thought.

Code doesn’t matter. Live and make love!

Let’s go!

Some people say that in 1969 there was a virus, Unix. The Unix virus now seems to be lurking in the shadows. The real virus is Linux. I used to love Linux, but now it’s getting a little annoying.

One morning last week, I posted a PengYouQuan(I think this word belongs to tencent):

很多人有个错觉，这同时也是个悖论，一般搞Linux内核的都是操作系统方面牛逼的人，但实际上懂Windows内核的人要更牛逼的多，只是Windows门槛太高，这方面人太少而已。

另一方面，一般都认为一项技术搞的人越少越冷门，就越牛逼，Linux在这方面是个匪夷所思的例外，明明懂Linux内核的人一抓一大把，门槛那么低，又很难评判精通与了解，而懂Windows内核的人非常少，且只要找到一个都是精通各种反汇编，精通各种debug技术的，这才更牛逼才对啊，但舆论依然觉得搞Linux内核的人牛逼。。。

也许言外之意是等自己花几天时间看一下源码就入了那个牛逼的圈子给自己贴金的吧，哈哈。

I’m not cursing Linux, and I’m just trying to get to know some pure Unix, which is clearly not Linux.

Neither the pure old Unix nor Windows is technologically inferior to Linux, and perhaps even more Niubility. But what is it about Linus’s Linux that has dominated the landscape for so long? No one likes a monopoly, but Linux is the real monopoly, and Linus is the one behind it!

Some people say Microsoft created a monopoly, but AT&T is even more so. In my opinion, Linux beats both of them.

Now the operating system resources on the Internet have almost been Linux refresh, and it seems that there is only one operating system called Linux in the world.

Look at the programmers around you, especially the BAT programmers.

Open source? I don’t think it’s the cause. But it is the most difference! Yes, Open source.

This morning, I saw a tweet from an GongZhongHao called Linux中国：
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/SxaDB2MoiPgybzpt4k9VWg

I responded to this post:

Linux最大的创新是对公司的解构。不需要聚集在一个场所就可以完成伟大的工作！

That’s what I’ve always thought. This is a great innovation for Linux. None of the other technical details matter, just happens to be implemented in the Linux kernel.

But programmers don’t seem to like that answer. Probably because most programmers don’t like to learn anything other than programming.

Why Linux has taken the world by storm, and I call it the power of religion.

Before the Linux kernel, only Christianity had a similar effect:
You’re not all in one place, and you’re all over the world, but you’re all doing the same thing.

Non-christian people are not influenced by Christian teachings, but it doesn’t prevent them from reading bible stories, and any half-baked person can pretend to understand the Linux kernel.

Linux is too low a bar, and it belongs to everyone. You can contribute Linux code on a fishing boat in 太湖, though you’ll never know Linus in your life.

Haha, that’s all.

That’s how Linux beats Unix. Now we’re going to look at why did Unix fail.

There is no a certain Unix kernel in the world, and Unix wasn’t really an operating system. Unix became a trademark!

Unix definition specification.

Your system is called Unix as long as it conforms to the Unix specification and you pay the money to buy one that proves that it does.

Unix is a of operating systems family, not a separate operating system like Linux.

If you must find a Unix kernel, look no further than Unix v6 or earlier. As for the later versions, sorry, either the original System V or the various HP-UX, AIX, BSD, Solaris derivatives are either closed source or completely different!

Unix actually broke up after 1973! It was like the Roman empire. It died. It became a soul.

The division of Unix left the original ideas of Unix unimplemented.
System V IPC limited Unix’s focus to the mainframe.
BSD socket interface is strange.

Beginning in 1973, bell LABS gradually lost full control of Unix. By 1983, several events had taken place almost at the same time:

TCP/IP
System V release
BSD socket
I. myself

Let’s take a look at how these things are related:

The release of System V as a commercial Unix version, accompanied by the sale of specialized hardware, made System V more likely to become a host operating System.
TCP/IP desperately needs a Unix interface, and System V’s STREAM is starting to compete with the just-released BSD socket. TCP/IP is difficult to abstract into any of Unix’s first three broad categories of files. Unix ideas are being tested.
BSD does not have IPC mechanism in socket, but applications like cu need IPC mechanism.【这个是我从另一篇国外的博客看到的，而不是原始论文】
BSD socket can not only serve as the interface of TCP/IP networking applications, but also serve as an IPC. IPC is no longer limited to the internal host.
I was born, so I can write this article now.

That’s pretty much it. By 1983, the Unix world was pretty much a mess.

Xie te! Faking!

What else do you expect from Unix?

What can you expect Unix to bring to programmers, to programmers who are nothing but dirt and dirt except programming?

Programmers know nothing but programming. Unix can’t direct specific programming. Programmers, however, don’t care about ideas.

Besides programmers, there are wall painters.

Linux attracts a lot of rabble with low barriers to entry. Everyone understands the Linux kernel source, and very few can debug.

I’m just talking about China. What about foreign countries? I don’t know

…
Yesterday morning, I sent a PengYouQuan:

想玩debug一定要玩windows，通过linux内核玩debug不行的。
一个dis命令就看到了地址a，再一个l *a就看到了源码。。。简单的问题到此就结束了，你还会再去查寄存器查引用图吗？同样的简单问题如果是windows，你就必须继续debug。
linux内核源码和随意随处可加的printk取消了继续分析的动机。
有人又要反驳了是吧，万事皆有例外，这个我懂，我说的就是就事论事的当下具体事儿，一句话就能定论的具体事儿哪儿那么多然而和但是。话要少，多动手。

I replied to my friend’s message：

昨天我定位个crash，开搞前还抽根烟来点仪式感。。。。下载debuginfo并安装花了三五分钟，然后bt,dis,l *就结束了，奶奶的，无奈，要是这玩意儿不开源或者我不熟悉代码，还能多玩一会儿呢

I’m a masochist. And then?

I don’t know if I made myself clear. Maybe I don’t even know what I’m talking about. What’s the difference between Unix and Linux?

Any answer to this question is hard to convince a programmer. Because programmers don’t care about anything but programming.

Do programmers understand ideas that have nothing to do with technology? No.

一句话概述，Linux和Unix的最大不同就是， Linux用实践贯彻了开源的精神。

【上述内容容易引起争议，最后句话怕是还算客观。不过这是一个程序员不会在乎的点，也是令人，超级，遗憾】

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