这里首先推荐大家一本Android的学习书籍：《第一行代码》，这本书还是写得非常好的。好了，进入正题，我们先来了解一下Activity、Fragment的的生命周期中经历的几个阶段。

Activity	Fragment

下面我们假设有如下的场景，Activity内部有一个Fragment，Fragment内部是一个SurfaceView。
分为两种情况，一种是在资源文件直接加载Fragment标签，例如：

<Fragmentandroid:name="com.myapplication.MainFragment"android:id="@+id/main_content"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent" />

另一种是动态加载Fragment，先在资源文件定义存放Fragment的容器，然后通过FragmentTransaction:add()和FragmentTransaction:commit()函数创建并加载，例如：

<FrameLayoutandroid:id="@+id/main_content"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent" />

测试代码如下：

Activity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements  {private MainFragment mMainFragment;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {LogUtils.init(0, ILog.LEVEL_INFO, "magnity", null);LogUtils.i("activity onCreate enter");super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);mMainFragment = (MainFragment)getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.main_content);if (mMainFragment == null) {mMainFragment = MainFragment.newInstance();getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.main_content, mMainFragment).commit();} LogUtils.i("activity onCreate leave");}@Overrideprotected void onStart() {LogUtils.i("activity onStart enter");super.onStart();LogUtils.i("activity onStart leave");}@Overrideprotected void onResume() {LogUtils.i("activity onResume enter");super.onResume();LogUtils.i("activity onResume leave");}@Overrideprotected void onPause() {LogUtils.i("activity onPause enter");super.onPause();LogUtils.i("activity onPause leave");}@Overrideprotected void onStop() {LogUtils.i("activity onStop enter");super.onStop();LogUtils.i("activity onStop leave");}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {LogUtils.i("activity onDestroy enter");super.onDestroy();LogUtils.i("activity onDestroy leave");}
}

Fragment

public class MainFragment extends Fragment {public MainFragment() {// Required empty public constructor}public static MainFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {MainFragment fragment = new MainFragment();return fragment;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {LogUtils.i("fragment onCreate enter");super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);LogUtils.i("fragment onCreate leave");}@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {LogUtils.i("fragment onCreateView enter");View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);LogUtils.i("fragment onCreateView leave");return v;}@Overridepublic void onAttach(Context context) {LogUtils.i("fragment onAttach enter");super.onAttach(context);LogUtils.i("fragment onAttach leave");}@Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {LogUtils.i("fragment onActivityCreated enter");super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);LogUtils.i("fragment onActivityCreated leave");}@Overridepublic void onStart() {LogUtils.i("fragment onStart enter");super.onStart();LogUtils.i("fragment onStart leave");}@Overridepublic void onResume() {LogUtils.i("fragment onResume enter");super.onResume();LogUtils.i("fragment onResume leave");}@Overridepublic void onPause() {LogUtils.i("fragment onPause enter");super.onPause();LogUtils.i("fragment onPause leave");}@Overridepublic void onStop() {LogUtils.i("fragment onStop enter");super.onStop();LogUtils.i("fragment onStop leave");}@Overridepublic void onDestroyView() {LogUtils.i("fragment onDestroyView enter");super.onDestroyView();LogUtils.i("fragment onDestroyView leave");}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {LogUtils.i("fragment onDestroy enter");super.onDestroy();LogUtils.i("fragment onDestroy leave");}@Overridepublic void onDetach() {LogUtils.i("fragment onDetach enter");super.onDetach();mListener = null;LogUtils.i("fragment onDetach leave");}
}

SurfaceView

public class MainSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {public MainSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);getHolder().addCallback(this);}@Overridepublic void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {LogUtils.i("surface surfaceCreated");}@Overridepublic void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {LogUtils.i("surface surfaceChanged");}@Overridepublic void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {LogUtils.i("surface surfaceDestroyed");}
}

打印结果

1. 动态加载
   启动应用并加载MainActivity，打印如下：

activity onCreate enter
activity onCreate leave
activity onStart enter
fragment onAttach enter
fragment onAttach leave
fragment onCreate enter
fragment onCreate leave
fragment onCreateView enter
fragment onCreateView leave
fragment onActivityCreated enter
fragment onActivityCreated leave
fragment onStart enter
fragment onStart leave
activity onStart leave
activity onResume enter
activity onResume leave
fragment onResume enter
fragment onResume leave
surface surfaceCreated
surface surfaceChanged

按HOME键切到后台，打印如下：

activity onPause enter
fragment onPause enter
fragment onPause leave
activity onPause leave
surface surfaceDestroyed
activity onStop enter
fragment onStop enter
fragment onStop leave
activity onStop leave

恢复到前台，打印如下：

activity onStart enter
fragment onStart enter
fragment onStart leave
activity onStart leave
activity onResume enter
activity onResume leave
fragment onResume enter
fragment onResume leave
surface surfaceCreated
surface surfaceChanged

退出MainActivity，打印如下：

activity onPause enter
fragment onPause enter
fragment onPause leave
activity onPause leave
surface surfaceDestroyed
activity onStop enter
fragment onStop enter
fragment onStop leave
activity onStop leave
activity onDestroy enter
fragment onDestroyView enter
fragment onDestroyView leave
fragment onDestroy enter
fragment onDestroy leave
fragment onDetach enter
fragment onDetach leave
activity onDestroy leave

1. 静态加载
   启动应用并加载MainActivity，打印如下：

activity onCreate enter
fragment onAttach enter
fragment onAttach leave
fragment onCreate enter
fragment onCreate leave
fragment onCreateView enter
fragment onCreateView leave
activity onCreate leave
activity onStart enter
fragment onActivityCreated enter
fragment onActivityCreated leave
fragment onStart enter
fragment onStart leave
activity onStart leave
activity onResume enter
activity onResume leave
fragment onResume enter
fragment onResume leave
surface surfaceCreated
surface surfaceChanged

按HOME键切到后台，打印如下：

activity onPause enter
fragment onPause enter
fragment onPause leave
activity onPause leave
surface surfaceDestroyed
activity onStop enter
fragment onStop enter
fragment onStop leave
activity onStop leave

恢复到前台，打印如下：

activity onStart enter
fragment onStart enter
fragment onStart leave
activity onStart leave
activity onResume enter
activity onResume leave
fragment onResume enter
fragment onResume leave
surface surfaceCreated
surface surfaceChanged

退出MainActivity，打印如下：

activity onPause enter
fragment onPause enter
fragment onPause leave
activity onPause leave
surface surfaceDestroyed
activity onStop enter
fragment onStop enter
fragment onStop leave
activity onStop leave
activity onDestroy enter
fragment onDestroyView enter
fragment onDestroyView leave
fragment onDestroy enter
fragment onDestroy leave
fragment onDetach enter
fragment onDetach leave
activity onDestroy leave

总结

可以看到Activity在动态加载和静态加载时，Fragment的回调函数的调用顺序略有差别，但也有规律可循，而在Activity退出时其调用顺序则完全一致。了解这些回调函数的调用顺序有助于我们开发更具健壮性的程序。