Golang gRPC学习(04): Deadlines超时限制

为什么要使用Deadlines#
当我们使用gRPC时，gRPC库关系的是连接，序列化，反序列化和超时执行。Deadlines 允许gRPC客户端设置自己等待多长时间来完成rpc操作，直到出现这个错误 DEADLINE_EXCEEDED。但是在正常情况下，这个DEADLINE_EXCEEDED默认设置是一个很大的数值。
一些语言的API用deadline，一些用 timeout。

在正常情况下，你没有设置deadline，那么所有的请求可能在最大请求时间过后才超时。这样你对于你的服务器资源，可能存在风险，比如内存，可能因为这个长期运行的服务而增长很快，从而耗尽资源。
为了避免这种情况，需要给你的客户端请求程序设置一个默认的超时时间，在这段时间内请求没有返回，那么就超时报错。

怎么使用？Deadlines使用步骤#
使用步骤：#
1.设置deadlines

Copy
var deadlineMs = flag.Int(“deadline_ms”, 20*1000, “Default deadline in milliseconds.”)

clientDeadline := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(*deadlineMs) * time.Millisecond)
ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, clientDeadline)
2.检查deadlines

Copy
if ctx.Err() == context.Canceled {
return status.New(codes.Canceled, “Client cancelled, abandoning.”)
}
具体使用：#

建立连接时超时控制：
客户端建立连接时，使用的Dial()函数，它位于
google.golang.org/grpc/clientconn.go 中，我们看看这个函数内容：

Copy
func Dial(target string, opts …DialOption) (*ClientConn, error) {
return DialContext(context.Background(), target, opts…)
}
它里面调用的 DialContext() 函数，这个函数非常长，他们在同一个文件中，它是实际执行的函数，这里面就有context的timeout和Done相关操作。你也可以到google.golang.org/grpc/clientconn.go文件中去看看这个函数DialContext具体是干嘛的。

使用的时候传入设置timeout的context，如下：

Copy
ctx, cancel := context.Timeout(context.Bakcground(), time.Second*5)
defer cancel()
conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpc.WithBlock(), grpc.WithInsecure())
grpc.WithInsecure() ，这个参数啥意思？
gRPC是建立在HTTP/2上的，所以对TLS提供了很好的支持。如果在客户端建立连接过程中设置 grpc.WithInsecure() 就可以跳过对服务器证书的验证。写练习时可以用这个参数，但是在真实的环境中，不要这样做，因为有泄露信息的风险。
grpc.WithBlock()
这个参数会阻塞等待握手成功。
因为用Dial连接时是异步连接，连接状态为正在连接，如果设置了这个参数就是同步连接，会阻塞等待握手成功。
这个还和超时设置有关，如果你没有设置这个参数，那么context超时控制将会失效。
2. 调用时超时：
函数的调用超时控制

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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), time.Second*5)
defer cancel()
result, err := c.SayHello(ctx, &pb.HelloRequest{Name: name})
实例#
用grpc官方的例子来练习下

目录结构:

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grpc-tutorial
– 04deadlines
–client
- main.go
–server
- main.go
–proto/echo
- echo.proto
- echo.pb.go
1.首先是定义服务 echo.proto#
Copy
syntax = “proto3”;
package echo;message

EchoRequest {
string message = 1;
}

message EchoResponse {
string message = 1;
}

service Echo {
rpc UnaryEcho(EchoRequest) returns (EchoRequest) {}
rpc ServerStreamingEcho(EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoResponse) {}
rpc ClientStreamingEcho(stream EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse) {}
rpc BidirectionalStreamingEcho(stream EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoResponse){}
}
进入到proto/echo目录，生成go文件，命令如下：

protoc -I . --go_out=plugins=grpc:. ./echo.proto

2.客户端#
client\main.go
有2个主要的函数，2端都是stream和都不是stream，先看都不是stream的函数

都不是stream的函数

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// unaryCall 不是stream的请求
func unaryCall(c pb.EchoClient, requestID int, message string, want codes.Code) {
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second) //超时设置
defer cancel()

req := &pb.EchoRequest{Message: message} //参数部分_, err := c.UnaryEcho(ctx, req) //调用函数发送请求给服务端
got := status.Code(err)   //
fmt.Printf("[%v] wanted = %v, got = %v\n", requestID, want, got)

}
上面的code设置在文件 grpc/codes/codes.go

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type Code uint32

const (
OK Code = 0
Canceled Code = 1
Unknown Code = 2
InvalidArgument Code = 3
DeadlineExceeded Code = 4
… …
)
2端都是stream的函数：

Copy
// streamingCall，2端都是stream
func streamingCall(c pb.EchoClient, requestID int, message string, want codes.Code) {
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)//超时设置
defer cancel()

stream, err := c.BidirectionalStreamingEcho(ctx)//双向stream
if err != nil {log.Printf("Send error : %v", err)return
}err = stream.Send(&pb.EchoRequest{Message: message})//发送
if err != nil {log.Printf("Send error : %v", err)return
}_, err = stream.Recv() //接收got := status.Code(err)
fmt.Printf("[%v] wanted = %v, got = %v\n", requestID, want, got)

}
main 执行函数

Copy
func main() {
flag.Parse()

conn, err := grpc.Dial(*addr, grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithBlock())
if err != nil {log.Fatalf("did not connect : %v ", err)
}
defer conn.Close()c :=pb.NewEchoClient(conn)// 成功请求
unaryCall(c, 1, "word", codes.OK)
// 超时 deadline
unaryCall(c, 2, "delay", codes.DeadlineExceeded)
// A successful request with propagated deadline
unaryCall(c, 3, "[propagate me]world", codes.OK)
// Exceeds propagated deadline
unaryCall(c, 4, "[propagate me][propagate me]world", codes.DeadlineExceeded)
// Receives a response from the stream successfully.
streamingCall(c, 5, "[propagate me]world", codes.OK)
// Exceeds propagated deadline before receiving a response
streamingCall(c, 6, "[propagate me][propagate me]world", codes.DeadlineExceeded)

}
3.服务端#
定义一个struct

Copy
type server struct {
pb.UnimplementedEchoServer
client pb.EchoClient
cc *grpc.ClientConn
}
2端不是stream的函数：

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func (s *server) UnaryEcho(ctx context.Context, req *pb.EchoRequest)(*pb.EchoResponse, error) {
message := req.Message
if strings.HasPrefix(message, “[propagate me]”) {//判断接收的值
time.Sleep(800 * time.Millisecond)
message := strings.TrimPrefix(message, “[propagate me]”)
return s.client.UnaryEcho(ctx, &pb.EchoRequest{Message:message}) //<1>
}

if message == "delay" {time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond) // message=delay 时睡眠1500毫秒，大于client的设置的1秒，这里就超时了
}return &pb.EchoResponse{Message:message}, nil

}
上面函数标注 <1> 这个地方比较有意思，当client端发送的字符串包含 [propagate me] 字符串时，先睡眠800毫秒，然后在重新执行客户端请求服务端的函数 s.client.UnaryEcho() , 在次运行到服务端的 UnaryEcho()，客户端已经超时了。
也就是说client/main.go 先请求了一次服务端，然后在server/main.go 的函数 func (s *server) UnaryEcho(ctx context.Context, req *pb.EchoRequest)又执行了一次请求服务端，所以会导致超时。

2端设置stream的函数：

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func (s *server) BidirectionalStreamingEcho(stream pb.Echo_BidirectionalStreamingEchoServer) error {
for {
req, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
return status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, “request message not received”)
}
if err != nil {
return err
}

    message := req.Messageif strings.HasPrefix(message, "[propagate me]") {time.Sleep(800 * time.Millisecond)message = strings.TrimPrefix(message, "[propagate me]")res, err := s.client.UnaryEcho(stream.Context(), &pb.EchoRequest{Message:message})//再次执行客户端请求服务端函数，这里可能会超时if err != nil {return err}stream.Send(res)}if message == "delay" {time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)}stream.Send(&pb.EchoResponse{Message:message})
}

}
main函数

Copy
func main() {
flag.Parse()

address := fmt.Sprintf(":%v", *port)
lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", address)
if err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v ", err)
}echoServer := newEchoServer()
defer echoServer.Close()grpcServer := grpc.NewServer()
pb.RegisterEchoServer(grpcServer, echoServer)if err := grpcServer.Serve(lis); err != nil {log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v ", err)
}

}
执行#
先运行 /server/main.go , go run main.go

在运行 /client/main.go, go run main.go

执行结果：

Copy
go run main.go
[1] wanted = OK, got = OK
[2] wanted = DeadlineExceeded, got = DeadlineExceeded
[3] wanted = OK, got = Unavailable
[4] wanted = DeadlineExceeded, got = Unavailable
[5] wanted = OK, got = Unavailable
[6] wanted = DeadlineExceeded, got = Unavailable
gRPC 系列代码地址：#
01hello grpc helloworld
02fourinteractionmode grpc 四种传输方式
03customer grpc 一个小练习demo
04deadlines grpc 超时限制
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