Unity实战之牧师与魔鬼（动作分离版）

项目链接

整体描述

本次项目在第一版牧师与魔鬼的基础上，将动作从场记中分离出来，并设计一个裁判类实时监测游戏进行的情况。这样改进的优点有很多：

降低了不同功能之间的耦合性，代码的复用性更好。
通过门面模式的设计，程序更加容易进行维护。

设计思路

本次改进参考了上课时介绍的cocos2d方案，它的UML图如下：

接下来将逐个介绍其中的类

动作管理（Action）

SSAction 动作基类。

定义了两个虚函数 Start 和 Update，后续的动作类都继承动作基类并实现这两个虚函数。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class SSAction : ScriptableObject
{public bool enable = true;public bool destroy = false;public GameObject gameobject { get; set; }public Transform transform { get; set; }public ISSActionCallback callback { get; set;}protected SSAction() {}// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic virtual void Start(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}// Update is called once per framepublic virtual void Update(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}
}

ISSActionCallback 回调函数。

SSActionEvent 是回调函数，动作完成后需要通知主控制器完成结果，设计这样的类更加方便事件的调度。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Competeted }
public interface ISSActionCallback
{// Start is called before the first frame update// void Start()// {// }// // Update is called once per frame// void Update()// {// }public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted, int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null);
}

SSActionManager 动作管理基类

在Update 中实现了所有动作的基本管理。具体操作是遍历动作字典中的所有动作，查看它们的信息，进行相应的销毁或更新操作。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction> ();private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>();// Start is called before the first frame updateprotected void Start(){}// Update is called once per frameprotected void Update(){foreach(SSAction ac in waitingAdd){actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;}waitingAdd.Clear();foreach(KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions){SSAction ac = kv.Value;if(ac.destroy){waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());}else if(ac.enable){ac.Update();}}foreach(int key in waitingDelete){SSAction ac = actions[key];actions.Remove(key);Destroy(ac);}waitingDelete.Clear();}public void RunAction(GameObject gameobject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager){action.gameobject = gameobject;action.transform = gameobject.transform;action.callback = manager;waitingAdd.Add(action);action.Start();}
}

CCMoveToAction 简单移动实现。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction
{public Vector3 target;   // 移动后的目标位置public float speed;private CCMoveToAction(){}// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic override void Start(){}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){this.transform.localPosition = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.localPosition, target, speed * Time.deltaTime);// 如果游戏对象不存在或者当前位置已在目标位置上，则不移动if(this.transform.localPosition == target || this.gameobject == null){this.destroy = true;    // 标记为销毁this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);   // 回调函数return;}}public static CCMoveToAction GetSSAction(Vector3 target, float speed){CCMoveToAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();action.target = target;action.speed = speed;return action;}
}

CCSequenceAction 组合动作实现

通过一个列表存储组合动作中的各个子动作，并按存放的顺序依次执行。根据参数 repeat 判断是否要重复执行组合动作。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class CCSequenceAction : SSAction, ISSActionCallback
{public List<SSAction> sequence;public int repeat = -1;public int start = 0;// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic override void Start(){// 初始化列表中的动作foreach(SSAction action in sequence){action.gameobject = this.gameobject;action.transform = this.transform;action.callback = this;action.Start();}}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){if(sequence.Count <= 0){return;}if(sequence.Count > 0 && start < sequence.Count){sequence[start].Update();}else{return;}}public static CCSequenceAction GetSSAction(int repeat, int start, List<SSAction> sequence){CCSequenceAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCSequenceAction>();action.repeat = repeat;action.start = start;action.sequence = sequence;return action;}public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted, int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null){source.destroy = false;this.start++;if(this.start >= sequence.Count){this.start = 0;if(this.repeat > 0){this.repeat--;}else{this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}}}void OnDestroy(){}
}

CCActionManager 动作组合

MoveBoat 移动船，这是单独的一个动作，对应为 CCMoveToAction。

MoveRole 移动人物，这是一个组合动作（折线运动），对应为 CCSequenceAction

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback
{public CCMoveToAction boatMovement;public CCSequenceAction roleMovement;public FirstController controller;private bool isMoving = false;protected new void Start(){controller = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController;controller.actionManager = this;}public bool CheckMoving(){return isMoving;}public void MoveBoat(GameObject boat, Vector3 target, float speed){if (isMoving)return;isMoving = true;boatMovement = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed);this.RunAction(boat, boatMovement, this);}public void MoveRole(GameObject role, Vector3 middle_pos, Vector3 target, float speed){if (isMoving)return;isMoving = true;SSAction ac1 = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(middle_pos, speed);SSAction ac2 = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed);roleMovement = CCSequenceAction.GetSSAction(0, 0, new List<SSAction> {CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(middle_pos, speed), CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed)});this.RunAction(role, roleMovement, this);}public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null){isMoving = false;}
}

控制器（Controller）

JudgeController 裁判类（新增）

裁判类的作用是判断游戏进行的状态并通知主控制器，简单来说就是将原来 FirstController 中的 Check 抽离出来用一个类单独实现。需要在每一帧判断当前游戏的输赢，因此需要输入相关的变量进行判断。
在 Update 中实现判断的逻辑，以达到实施监测的效果。
这里有一个问题，我们需要利用到判断的结果在主控制器中进行相应的处理（打印信息等等），但 Update 函数不返回任何值（void类型）。解决的方法是，在FirstCotroller 中设计一个回调函数JudgeResultCallBack，在裁判类中调用 JudgeResultCallBack 以返回判断结果。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class JudgeController : MonoBehaviour
{public FirstController sceneController;public Land rightLand;public Land leftLand;public Boat boat;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){this.sceneController = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController;this.rightLand = sceneController.rightLandController.GetLand();this.leftLand = sceneController.leftLandController.GetLand();this.boat = sceneController.boatController.GetBoatModel();}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if(sceneController.isRunning == false){return;}this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>().gameMessage = "";if(rightLand.priestCount == 3){// win, callbacksceneController.JudgeResultCallBack("You win!!");return;}else{int leftPriestCount, rightPriestCount, leftDevilCount, rightDevilCount;leftPriestCount = leftLand.priestCount + (boat.isRight ? 0 : boat.priestCount);rightPriestCount = 3 - leftPriestCount;leftDevilCount = leftLand.devilCount + (boat.isRight ? 0: boat.devilCount);rightDevilCount = 3 - leftDevilCount;if((leftPriestCount != 0 && leftPriestCount < leftDevilCount) || (rightPriestCount != 0 && rightPriestCount < rightDevilCount)){// losesceneController.JudgeResultCallBack("Game over!!");return;}}}}

FirstController 场景控制器

与上一次项目的主要不同是，这次的场景控制器并不具体实现移动和检查的逻辑，而是交由相应的功能类实现。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction {public LandControl leftLandController, rightLandController;public River river;public BoatControl boatController;public RoleControl[] roleControllers;public MoveCtrl moveController;public bool isRunning;public float time;public CCActionManager actionManager;public float speed = 5;public void LoadResources() {roleControllers = new RoleControl[6];for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {roleControllers[i] = new RoleControl();roleControllers[i].CreateRole(Position.role_land[i], i < 3 ? true : false, i);}leftLandController = new LandControl();leftLandController.CreateLand(Position.left_land);leftLandController.GetLand().land.name = "left_land";rightLandController = new LandControl();rightLandController.CreateLand(Position.right_land);rightLandController.GetLand().land.name = "right_land";foreach (RoleControl roleController in roleControllers){roleController.GetRoleModel().role.transform.localPosition = leftLandController.AddRole(roleController.GetRoleModel());}boatController = new BoatControl();boatController.CreateBoat(Position.left_boat);river = new River(Position.river);moveController = new MoveCtrl();isRunning = true;time = 60;}public void MoveBoat() {if (isRunning == false || actionManager.CheckMoving() == true) return;Vector3 target;if(boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight){target = Position.left_boat;}else{target = Position.right_boat;}actionManager.MoveBoat(boatController.GetBoatModel().boat, target, speed);boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight = !boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight;}public void MoveRole(Role roleModel) {if (isRunning == false || actionManager.CheckMoving() == true) return;Vector3 middle_pos;Vector3 target;if(roleModel.inBoat){if(boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight){target = rightLandController.AddRole(roleModel);}else{target = leftLandController.AddRole(roleModel);}// if(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y > target.y){//     middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);// }// else{//     middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);// }middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);actionManager.MoveRole(roleModel.role, middle_pos, target, speed);roleModel.onRight = boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight;boatController.RemoveRole(roleModel);}else{if (boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight == roleModel.onRight){if (roleModel.onRight) {rightLandController.RemoveRole(roleModel);}else {leftLandController.RemoveRole(roleModel);}target = boatController.AddRole(roleModel);// if(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y > target.y){//     middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);// }// else{//     middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);// }middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);actionManager.MoveRole(roleModel.role, middle_pos, target, speed);}}}public void Check() {}public void JudgeResultCallBack(string result){this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>().gameMessage = result;this.isRunning = false;}void Awake() {SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController = this;LoadResources();this.gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();this.gameObject.AddComponent<CCActionManager>();this.gameObject.AddComponent<JudgeController>();}void Update() {}
}

以上完整介绍了牧师与魔鬼动作分离版本的主要变动和新增的函数，这一个版本和初始版本相比，增加了动作管理器，提升了代码的可复用性。