python 复制替换文件

The python language provides a built-in module "shutil", which offers numerous high-level operations on files and collections of files. In particular, functions are provided to support the file copying and removal.

python语言提供了一个内置的模块“ shutil” ，该模块对文件和文件集合提供了许多高级操作。 特别是，提供了支持文件复制和删除的功能。

拷贝文件 (Copy file)

    shutil.copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True)

Copies the contents of file from source(src) to destination(dst). src and dst are the path names as a string. dst must be the complete target file name.

将文件内容从源( src )复制到目标( dst )。 src和dst是字符串形式的路径名。 dst必须是完整的目标文件名。

Reminders,

提醒事项

• If src and dst are the same locations, SameFileError is raised.

  如果src和dst位于相同的位置， 则会引发SameFileError 。

• The dst must be writable, else an IO Error will be raised.

  dst必须可写，否则将引发IO错误 。

• If dst already exists, it will be replaced.

  如果dst已经存在，它将被替换。

• If follow_symlinks are false and src is a symbolic link, then a new symbolic link will be created instead of copying the file src points to.

  如果follow_symlinks为false并且src是符号链接，则将创建一个新的符号链接，而不是将src指向的文件复制到该链接。

使用shutil.copyfile()复制文件的Python代码 (Python code to copy the files using shutil.copyfile() )

# importing the modules
import os
import shutil
# getting the current working directory
src_dir = os.getcwd()
# printing current directory
print(src_dir)
# copying the files
shutil.copyfile('test.txt', 'test.txt.copy2') #copy src to dst
# printing the list of new files
print(os.listdir())

Output

输出量

/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work
'test.txt.copy2'
['python_samples', 'test.txt', 'test', 'test.txt.copy', 'test.txt.copy2']

移动文件 (Move files)

    shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2)

The above method recursively moves the file from src to dst and returns the destination.

上面的方法将文件从src递归移动到dst并返回目标。

Reminders,

提醒事项

• If the destination is an existing directory, then the src object is moved inside the given dst.

  如果目标是现有目录，则将src对象移动到给定的dst中 。

• In case the destination already exists and is not a directory, it will be overwritten using os.rename().

  如果目标已经存在并且不是目录，则将使用os.rename()覆盖它。

• In case the destination is on the current filesystem, then os.rename() is used. In the case of symlinks, a new symlink pointing to the target of src will be created in or as dst and src will be removed.

  如果目标位于当前文件系统上，则使用os.rename() 。 对于符号链接 ，将在dst中或作为dst创建指向src目标的新符号链接 ，并删除src 。

• The default copy_function is copy2(). Using copy() as the copy_function allows the move to succeed.

  默认的copy_function是copy2() 。 使用copy()作为copy_function可以使移动成功。

使用Python代码移动文件 (Python code to move files)

Commnd to get the list of files and directories:

Commnd获取文件和目录列表：

    -bash-4.2$ ls
python_samples  test  test.txt  test.txt.copy  test.txt.copy2

Code to move files:

移动文件的代码：

# Importing the modules
import os
import shutil
# getting src & dest directories
src_dir = os.getcwd() #gets the current working dir
dest_dir = src_dir + "/python_samples"
# move method to move the file
shutil.move('test.txt',dest_dir)
# the file 'test.txt' is moved from src to dest
print(os.listdir())
os.chdir(dest_dir)
# list of files in dest
print(os.listdir())

Output

输出量

'/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work/python_samples/test.txt'
['python_samples', 'test', 'test.txt.copy', 'test.txt.copy2']
['.git', '.gitignore', 'README.md', 'src', 'test.txt']

Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html

参考： https : //docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/python/copy-and-replace-files-in-python.aspx

python 复制替换文件