1. 自动装配的使用

Spring Boot的核心理念是简化Spring应用的搭建和开发过程，提出了约定大于配置和自动装配的思想。开发Spring项目通常要配置xml文件，当项目变得复杂的时候，xml的配置文件也将变得极其复杂。为了解决这个问题，我们将一些常用的通用的配置先配置好，要用的时候直接装上去，不用的时候卸下来，这些就是Spring Boot框架在Spring框架的基础上要解决的问题。

Spring Boot的自动装配得益于有一批优秀的程序员写好了很多场景启动器(starter)，比如web场景下的spring-boot-starter-web，cache场景下的spring-boot-starter-cache等。

比如我们引入Redis的场景启动器

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

只需要在Spring Boot默认的配置文件application.yaml中配置redis连接信息

spring:redis:host: 127.0.0.1port: 6379

就可以直接自动注入操作redis的Bean

@Repository
public class RedisRepository
{@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
}

这就是导入某个场景启动器后Spring Boot默认帮我们自动装配Bean。

2. 自动装配的原理

Spring Boot的自动装配得益于Spring推出了JavaConfig的这种模式，Java开发人员可以通过@Configuration + @Bean的方式向Spring IOC容器注入Bean。每个场景启动器其实都添加了一个这样的JavaConfig，只要这些JavaConfig配置类能被加入到IOC容器，那么自然而然的就可以自动注入JavaConfig提供的Bean。

如下是Redis的自动配置类：

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
@Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class })
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)throws UnknownHostException {RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);return template;}@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)throws UnknownHostException {StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);return template;}}

Spring Boot启动时肯定会通过一种手段来查找这些JavaConfig，这种机制通常我们称之为SPI机制。来关注一下Spring Boot最神秘的注解@SpringBootApplication

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

这是一个复合注解，引入了@EnableAutoConfiguration注解来开启自动装配功能，看一下@EnableAutoConfiguration注解

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

@EnableAutoConfiguration注解又使用了@Import注解，@Import注解是Spring提供用来给IOC导入Bean的一种方式，这里导入了一个类名称为AutoConfigurationImportSelector的Bean，从名字来看这个类的功能似乎是用来完成自动装配导入工作。
Spring Boot项目启动时会回调AutoConfigurationImportSelector的process方法，Spring Boot 2.x的版本，1.x有所不同，1.x是回调selectImports方法

@Override
public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector,() -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s",AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(),deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName()));// 进入此方法AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector).getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);}
}

进入方法

protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {return EMPTY_ENTRY;}AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);// 进入此方法List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);configurations.removeAll(exclusions);configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}

进入方法

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {// 进入方法List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),getBeanClassLoader());Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");return configurations;
}

进入方法

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();// 进入方法return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}

进入方法

private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);if (result != null) {return result;}try {// 获取META-INF/spring.factories文件Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {URL url = urls.nextElement();UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);// 加载文件配置内容Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());}}}cache.put(classLoader, result);return result;}catch (IOException ex) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);}
}

这里会使用SpringFactoriesLoader来加载JAR包下面的META-INF/spring.factories文件，在spring-boot-autoconfigure的JAR包下有这样一段配置

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

这样就会读到早就配置好的JavaConfig类的信息，比如REDIS的JavaConfig

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration

拿到JavaConfig后就解析@Configuration + @Bean给IOC容器注入Bean。

SpringBoot之自动装配原理相关推荐

【SpringBoot】自动装配原理
[SpringBoot]自动装配原理文章目录 [SpringBoot]自动装配原理一.pom.xml 1.spring-boot-dependencies 2.spring-boot-starte ...
springboot 整合redis_springboot自动装配原理详解
1)传统ssm整合redis的时候需要在xml的配置文件中进行大量的配置Bean 我们在这里使用springboot来代替ssm的整合,只是通过xml的形式来整合redis 第一步:加入配置 &l ...
SpringBoot 自动装配原理解析
自动装配是 Spring Boot 的核心部分,也是 Spring Boot 功能的基础,正是由于自动装配,才将我们从 Bean 的繁复配置中解脱出来.那么 Spring Boot 中的自动装配指的 ...
springboot 项目起步讲解及自动装配原理
哈喽~大家好,这篇看看springboot 项目起步讲解及自动装配原理.
【理解springboot自动装配原理】
理解springboot自动装配原理: 最近读了小马哥(mercyblitz)Springboot编程思想(核心篇),有了一些心得和感悟,分享给大家: 1. 官网介绍了激活自动装配的方法: * 文档提 ...
SpringBoot自动装配原理浅析
Springboot自动装配原理 SpringBoot是当下J2EE最为流行的框架,它有着轻量,快捷等特点,让程序员们可以专注在业务逻辑的编写上,而不用花太多的力气在一些环境的配置,整合组件的配置上面 ...
刨析 SpringBoot 自动装配原理，其实很简单
J3 SpringBoot # 源码 # 自动装配一日我在愉快得遨游时,看到有鱼友在问:SpringBoot 中引入了 Nacos 依赖为啥就可以直接使用 Nacos 中的相关功能呀! 认真思考了一 ...
雷神SpringBoot入门和自动装配原理
SpringBoot-helloWord! 首先让当前的工程作为Springboot的子工程 <parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot ...
SpringBoot自动装配原理解析——面试可以这样会回答
1. 前言 SpringBoot是目前软件中最主流的框架,无论是工作还是面试基本都有它的身影,SpringBoot主要解决了传统spring的重量级xml配置Bean,实现了自动装配:所以,我们也常在 ...

SpringBoot之自动装配原理

1. 自动装配的使用

2. 自动装配的原理

SpringBoot之自动装配原理相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章