Linux下的word文档格式转换工具

最近接到一个需求，要将所有不同格式的文档(包括.doc/.docx/.wps)转成统一格式，如都转为.docx，或直接转为.html 或.txt。经调研后，发现有这样几款工具：

win32com

python-docx

pydocx

…

可能还有，我就不再赘述了。经过全面调研，我发现这些工具存在这样的问题——Python相关工具要么无法处理.doc(只能处理.docx)，要么要求必须在windows环境下使用(如win32com)。当前大家的生产环境一般都是Linux环境，更换win服务器会造成一系列的连带问题，比如其他库是否兼容等等，非常麻烦，所以找到.doc/.wps在Linux下的处理方式非常重要。还好，最后被我找到了，那就是LibreOffice

LibreOffice具体用法

首先，直接在命令行执行libreoffice --version，看看你是否已经安装此款工具。如果还没有安装，参考下文安装LibreOffice

安装完毕后，使用以下命令，对待转格式的文档进行格式转换，示例如下：

将.doc格式文档转为txt格式:

libreoffice --headless --convert-to txt path-to-your-doc.doc

你同样可以指定转换后的文件输出路径，也可以批量地将doc/docx/wps文件传给LibreOffice接口：

libreoffice --headless --convert-to html --outdir /your/output/dir /your/doc_docx_wps/files/*.{dosx,doc,wps}

使用python脚本执行格式转换

这个其实没什么玄乎的，就是用Python执行命令行而已：

import os

os.system("libreoffice --headless --convert-to txt path-to-your-doc.doc")

当然，如果你嫌这个接口的单进程速度太慢，你也可以用Python执行多进程启动转换：

import subprocess

import os, glob

from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool

def worker(fname, dstdir=os.path.expanduser("~")):

subprocess.call(["libreoffice", "--headless", "--convert-to", "pdf", fname], cwd=dstdir)

pool = Pool()

pool.map(worker, glob.iglob(

os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "*.doc")

))

LibreOffice的其他转换功能

其实LibreOffice功能很强大，它还可以对xhtml、pdf、jpeg、png等等多种格式进行转换。具体支持的格式如下

The following list of document formats are currently available:

bib - BibTeX [.bib]

doc - Microsoft Word 97/2000/XP [.doc]

doc6 - Microsoft Word 6.0 [.doc]

doc95 - Microsoft Word 95 [.doc]

docbook - DocBook [.xml]

docx - Microsoft Office Open XML [.docx]

docx7 - Microsoft Office Open XML [.docx]

fodt - OpenDocument Text (Flat XML) [.fodt]

html - HTML Document (OpenOffice.org Writer) [.html]

latex - LaTeX 2e [.ltx]

mediawiki - MediaWiki [.txt]

odt - ODF Text Document [.odt]

ooxml - Microsoft Office Open XML [.xml]

ott - Open Document Text [.ott]

pdb - AportisDoc (Palm) [.pdb]

pdf - Portable Document Format [.pdf]

psw - Pocket Word [.psw]

rtf - Rich Text Format [.rtf]

sdw - StarWriter 5.0 [.sdw]

sdw4 - StarWriter 4.0 [.sdw]

sdw3 - StarWriter 3.0 [.sdw]

stw - Open Office.org 1.0 Text Document Template [.stw]

sxw - Open Office.org 1.0 Text Document [.sxw]

text - Text Encoded [.txt]

txt - Text [.txt]

uot - Unified Office Format text [.uot]

vor - StarWriter 5.0 Template [.vor]

vor4 - StarWriter 4.0 Template [.vor]

vor3 - StarWriter 3.0 Template [.vor]

wps - Microsoft Works [.wps]

xhtml - XHTML Document [.html]

The following list of graphics formats are currently available:

bmp - Windows Bitmap [.bmp]

emf - Enhanced Metafile [.emf]

eps - Encapsulated PostScript [.eps]

fodg - OpenDocument Drawing (Flat XML) [.fodg]

gif - Graphics Interchange Format [.gif]

html - HTML Document (OpenOffice.org Draw) [.html]

jpg - Joint Photographic Experts Group [.jpg]

met - OS/2 Metafile [.met]

odd - OpenDocument Drawing [.odd]

otg - OpenDocument Drawing Template [.otg]

pbm - Portable Bitmap [.pbm]

pct - Mac Pict [.pct]

pdf - Portable Document Format [.pdf]

pgm - Portable Graymap [.pgm]

png - Portable Network Graphic [.png]

ppm - Portable Pixelmap [.ppm]

ras - Sun Raster Image [.ras]

std - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Drawing Template [.std]

svg - Scalable Vector Graphics [.svg]

svm - StarView Metafile [.svm]

swf - Macromedia Flash (SWF) [.swf]

sxd - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Drawing [.sxd]

sxd3 - StarDraw 3.0 [.sxd]

sxd5 - StarDraw 5.0 [.sxd]

sxw - StarOffice XML (Draw) [.sxw]

tiff - Tagged Image File Format [.tiff]

vor - StarDraw 5.0 Template [.vor]

vor3 - StarDraw 3.0 Template [.vor]

wmf - Windows Metafile [.wmf]

xhtml - XHTML [.xhtml]

xpm - X PixMap [.xpm]

The following list of presentation formats are currently available:

bmp - Windows Bitmap [.bmp]

emf - Enhanced Metafile [.emf]

eps - Encapsulated PostScript [.eps]

fodp - OpenDocument Presentation (Flat XML) [.fodp]

gif - Graphics Interchange Format [.gif]

html - HTML Document (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.html]

jpg - Joint Photographic Experts Group [.jpg]

met - OS/2 Metafile [.met]

odg - ODF Drawing (Impress) [.odg]

odp - ODF Presentation [.odp]

otp - ODF Presentation Template [.otp]

pbm - Portable Bitmap [.pbm]

pct - Mac Pict [.pct]

pdf - Portable Document Format [.pdf]

pgm - Portable Graymap [.pgm]

png - Portable Network Graphic [.png]

potm - Microsoft PowerPoint 2007/2010 XML Template [.potm]

pot - Microsoft PowerPoint 97/2000/XP Template [.pot]

ppm - Portable Pixelmap [.ppm]

pptx - Microsoft PowerPoint 2007/2010 XML [.pptx]

pps - Microsoft PowerPoint 97/2000/XP (Autoplay) [.pps]

ppt - Microsoft PowerPoint 97/2000/XP [.ppt]

pwp - PlaceWare [.pwp]

ras - Sun Raster Image [.ras]

sda - StarDraw 5.0 (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.sda]

sdd - StarImpress 5.0 [.sdd]

sdd3 - StarDraw 3.0 (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.sdd]

sdd4 - StarImpress 4.0 [.sdd]

sxd - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Drawing (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.sxd]

sti - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Presentation Template [.sti]

svg - Scalable Vector Graphics [.svg]

svm - StarView Metafile [.svm]

swf - Macromedia Flash (SWF) [.swf]

sxi - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Presentation [.sxi]

tiff - Tagged Image File Format [.tiff]

uop - Unified Office Format presentation [.uop]

vor - StarImpress 5.0 Template [.vor]

vor3 - StarDraw 3.0 Template (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.vor]

vor4 - StarImpress 4.0 Template [.vor]

vor5 - StarDraw 5.0 Template (OpenOffice.org Impress) [.vor]

wmf - Windows Metafile [.wmf]

xhtml - XHTML [.xml]

xpm - X PixMap [.xpm]

The following list of spreadsheet formats are currently available:

csv - Text CSV [.csv]

dbf - dBASE [.dbf]

dif - Data Interchange Format [.dif]

fods - OpenDocument Spreadsheet (Flat XML) [.fods]

html - HTML Document (OpenOffice.org Calc) [.html]

ods - ODF Spreadsheet [.ods]

ooxml - Microsoft Excel 2003 XML [.xml]

ots - ODF Spreadsheet Template [.ots]

pdf - Portable Document Format [.pdf]

pxl - Pocket Excel [.pxl]

sdc - StarCalc 5.0 [.sdc]

sdc4 - StarCalc 4.0 [.sdc]

sdc3 - StarCalc 3.0 [.sdc]

slk - SYLK [.slk]

stc - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Spreadsheet Template [.stc]

sxc - OpenOffice.org 1.0 Spreadsheet [.sxc]

uos - Unified Office Format spreadsheet [.uos]

vor3 - StarCalc 3.0 Template [.vor]

vor4 - StarCalc 4.0 Template [.vor]

vor - StarCalc 5.0 Template [.vor]

xhtml - XHTML [.xhtml]

xls - Microsoft Excel 97/2000/XP [.xls]

xls5 - Microsoft Excel 5.0 [.xls]

xls95 - Microsoft Excel 95 [.xls]

xlt - Microsoft Excel 97/2000/XP Template [.xlt]

xlt5 - Microsoft Excel 5.0 Template [.xlt]

xlt95 - Microsoft Excel 95 Template [.xlt]

xlsx - Microsoft Excel 2007/2010 XML [.xlsx]