一、Beautiful Soup介绍与安装

1，Beautiful Soup介绍

答：Beautiful Soup是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库

2，Beautiful Soup安装

答：安装Beautiful Soup 4：pip install bs4
安装lxml：pip install lxml

二、Beautiful Soup对象介绍与创建

1，Beautiful Soup对象介绍

答：Beautiful Soup对象代表要解析整个文档树，支持遍历文档树和搜索文档树中描述的大部分的方法。

2，Beautiful Soup对象创建

答：

  1. 导入模块：from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
  2. 创建Beautiful Soup对象：soup = BeautifulSoup('html文档','lxml')
#导入模块
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup#创建BeautifulSoup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup('<html>data</html>','lxml')
print(soup)#结果为：<html><body><p>data</p></body></html>
#这里Beautiful Soup会自动补全html

3，Beautiful Soup对象的find方法

find方法的作用：搜索文档树

find(self,name=None,attrs={},recursive=True,text=None,**kwargs)
参数：
name:标签名
attrs：属性字典
recursive：是否递归循环查找
text：根据文本内容查找
返回：
查找到的第一个元素对象

根据标签名查找：soup.find(‘a’)
根据属性查找：soup.find(id=‘2’)、soup.find(attrs={‘id’:‘2’})
根据文本内容查找：soup.find(text=‘three’)

①根据标签名查找
获取下面文档中的title标签和a标签
文档内容如下：

<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"> Epiphany<a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a>humour</p></body>
</html>

# 1，导入模块
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 2，准备文档字符串
html = '''
<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"> Epiphany<a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a>humour</p></body>
</html>
'''
# 3，创建Beautiful Soup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 4，查找title标签
title = soup.find('title')
print(title)#结果为：<title>百度一下，你就知道</title>
# 5，查找a标签
a = soup.find('a')
print(a)#结果为：<a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="1">one</a>
# 6，查找所有的a标签
a_all = soup.find_all('a')
print(a_all)#结果为：[<a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="1">one</a>, <a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="2">two</a>, <a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="3">three</a>]

②根据属性查找
获取下面文档中的id为2的标签
文档内容如下：

<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"> Epiphany<a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a>humour</p></body>
</html>

# 1，导入模块
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 2，准备文档字符串
html = '''
<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a></p></body>
</html>
'''
# 3，创建Beautiful Soup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')# 4，查找文档中id为2的标签
# 方式一，通过命名参数进行指定
two = soup.find(id='2')
print(two)#结果为：<a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="2">two</a># 方法二：使用attrs来指定属性字典进行查找
two = soup.find(attrs={'id':'2'})
print(two)#结果为：<a class="beyond" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343" id="2">two</a>

③根据文本查找
获取下面文档中文本为three的标签文本
文档内容如下：

<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"> Epiphany<a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a>humour</p></body>
</html>

# 1，导入模块
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 2，准备文档字符串
html = '''
<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a></p></body>
</html>
'''
# 3，创建Beautiful Soup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')# 4，查找文档中文本为three的标签文本
text = soup.find(text='three')
print(text)#结果为：three

4，Beautiful Soup对象中的Tag对象

Tag对象介绍：Tag对象对应于原始文档中的XML或HTML标签
Tag有很多方法和属性，可以用于遍历文档树和搜索文档树以及获取标签内容

Tag对象常见的属性
name：获取标签名称
attrs：获取标签所有属性的键和值
text：获取标签的文本字符串

# 1，导入模块
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 2，准备文档字符串
html = '''
<html> <head><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head><body><p class="title"><b>beyondyanyu</b></p><p class="beyond"><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="1" class=beyond>one</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="2" class=beyond>two</a><a href=https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343 id="3" class=beyond>three</a></p></body>
</html>
'''
# 3，创建Beautiful Soup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 4，查找title标签
title = soup.find('title')
#print(title)
# 5，查找a标签
a = soup.find('a')print(type(a))#结果为：<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print("标签名：",a.name)#结果为：标签名： a
print("标签所有属性",a.attrs)#结果为：标签所有属性： {'href': 'https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41264055?spm=1011.2124.3001.5343', 'id': '1', 'class': ['beyond']}
print("标签文本内容",a.text)#结果为：标签文本内容： one

三、从疫情首页提取全国最新的疫情数据

当然，数据来源仍然是丁香园新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情实时动态首页
url：https://ncov.dxy.cn/ncovh5/view/pneumonia

# 1，导入相关模块
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup# 2，发送请求，获取疫情首页内容
response = requests.get('https://ncov.dxy.cn/ncovh5/view/pneumonia')
home_page = response.content.decode()
#print(home_page)#内容太多已省略，<body><script id="getAreaStat">try { window.getAreaStat = [{"provinceName":"香港","provinceShortName":"香港"。
#但是从最后一行可看出来，这里香港的疫情数据对应的id为getAreaStat
'''
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-cn" xmlns:layout="http://www.ultraq.net.nz/web/thymeleaf/layout" style="filter: none;"><head><link rel="stylesheet" href="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/umi.bundle.css?t=1645425725691"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=0,viewport-fit=cover" name="viewport"><meta content="#000000" name="theme-color"><title></title><script>window.routerBase = "/ncovh5/view";</script>
<script charset="utf-8" src="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/vendors~p__ECommerce~p__Pneumonia~p__Pneumonia__area~p__Pneumonia__area__index_en~p__Pneumonia__dete~e354351c.async.f15190c5.js"></script><script charset="utf-8" src="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/vendors~p__Pneumonia~p__Pneumonia__area~p__Pneumonia__policy~p__Pneumonia__risk-zone~p__Pneumonia__rumor-list.async.035b6a59.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/vendors~p__ECommerce~p__Pneumonia~p__Pneumonia__area~p__Pneumonia__hotspot~p__Pneumonia__index_en.async.1eec8c54.css"><script charset="utf-8" src="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/vendors~p__ECommerce~p__Pneumonia~p__Pneumonia__area~p__Pneumonia__hotspot~p__Pneumonia__index_en.async.61a0218b.js"></script><script charset="utf-8" src="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/vendors~p__Pneumonia~p__Pneumonia__area__index_en~p__Pneumonia__index_en.async.72f0956a.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/p__Pneumonia.async.5cef6c52.css"><script charset="utf-8" src="//assets.dxycdn.com/gitrepo/ncov-mobile/dist/p__Pneumonia.async.bc83130c.js"></script><meta name="description" content="丁香园、丁香医生整合各权威渠道发布的官方数据，通过疫情地图直观展示，持续更新最新的新型冠状病毒肺炎的实时疫情动态。"><meta name="keywords" content="最新疫情、实时疫情、疫情地图、疫情、丁香园"><meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="IL1HU7F7Vj"></head>
<body><script id="getAreaStat">try { window.getAreaStat = [{"provinceName":"香港","provinceShortName":"香港","currentConfirmedCount":5990,"confirmedCount":22468,"suspectedCount":181,"curedCount":16190,"deadCount":288,"comment":"疑似 1 例","locationId":810000,"statisticsData":"https://file1.dxycdn.com/2020/0223/331/3398299755968040033-135.json","highDangerCount":0,"midDangerCount":0,"detectOrgCount":0,"vaccinationOrgCount":0,"cities":[],"dangerAreas":[]},{"provinceName":"台湾","provinceShortName":"台湾","currentConfirmedCount":5413,"confirmedCount":20007,"suspectedCount":485,"curedCount":13742,"deadCount":852,"comment":"","locationId":710000,"statisticsData":"https://file1.dxycdn.com/2020/0223/045/3398299749526003760-135.json","highDangerCount":0,"midDangerCount":0,"detectOrgCount":0,"vaccinationOrgCount":0,"cities":[],"dangerAreas":[]},{"provinceName":"浙江省","provinceShortName":"浙江","currentConfirmedCount":388,"confirmedCount":2255,"suspectedCount":68,"curedCount":1866,"deadCount":1,"comment":"2月10日通报核减的12例在浙江省治愈的外省病例，根据国家最新要求重新纳入累计病例。","locationId":330000,"statisticsData":"https://file1.dxycdn.com/2020/0223/537/3398299755968455045-135.json","highDangerCount":0,"midDangerCount":0,"detectOrgCount":519,"vaccinationOrgCount":217,"cities":[{"cityName":"杭州","currentConfirmedCount":143,"confirmedCount":328,"suspectedCount":0,"curedCount":185,"deadCount":0,"highDangerCount":0,"midDangerCount":0,"locationId":330100,"currentConfirmedCountStr":"143"},{"cityName":"境外输入","currentConfirmedCount":119,"confirmedCount":387,"suspectedCount":68,"curedCount":268,"deadCount":0,"highDangerCount":0,"midDangerCount":0,"locationId":0,"currentConfirmedCountStr":"119"},{"cityName":"宁波","currentConfirmedCount":110,"confirmedCount":269,"suspectedCount":0,"curedCount":159,"deadCount":0,"highDangerCount":0,
'''
# 3，使用Beautiful Soup提取疫情数据
soup = BeautifulSoup(home_page,'lxml')
script = soup.find(id='getAreaStat')
text = script.text
print(text)
'''
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'''

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