SpringBoot异常处理ErrorController详解

文章目录

一、背景
二、SpringBoot的默认异常处理BasicErrorController
三、自定义错误异常

写在前面：
我是「境里婆娑」。我还是从前那个少年，没有一丝丝改变，时间只不过是考验，种在心中信念丝毫未减，眼前这个少年，还是最初那张脸，面前再多艰险不退却。
写博客的目的就是分享给大家一起学习交流，如果您对 Java感兴趣，可以关注我，我们一起学习。

前言：ErrorController是SpringBoot调用Controller出错时的一个统一处理接口，它的实现为BasicErrorController。

一、背景

使用SpringBoot调用controller时，如果系统出现404,405,500等这种报错信息时，系统默认会展示如下信息：
如果把这种错误展示给用户看，对于用户来说是不友好的。对于这种报错信息，我们需要做统一处理，我们根据不同的错误类型，返回给用户不同的返回信息。SpringBoot就提供了一个这样统一处理异常的接口类ErrorController。下面我们简单说明一下如何实现一个自定义的异常处理机制。

二、SpringBoot的默认异常处理BasicErrorController

在看了源码之后发现有一个配置类ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration，当工程启动的时候，已经把BasicErrorController加载到Spring容器里面。因此当我们程序报错的时候会直接调用这个处理异常的controller。

错误地址配置：

看完源码，我们发现如果你在配置文件配置了server.error.path的话，就会使用你配置的异常处理地址，如果没有就会使用你配置的error.path路径地址，如果还是没有，默认使用/error来作为发生异常的处理地址。

BasicErrorController这两个方法是关键

getErrorPath()错误页路径
errorHtml()返回错误页信息

 public String getErrorPath() {return this.errorProperties.getPath();}@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"})public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));response.setStatus(status.value());ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);}

三、自定义错误异常

通过研究BasicErrorController，我们自定义错误异常需要实现ErrorContrroller大概需要四点。

实现ErrorController接口，并重写getErrorPath()方法，指定异常跳转的url；
对类添加@RestController注解，添加异常跳转url的Controller；
获取请求响应的类型，针对不同的响应错误类型，做不同的逻辑处理。
在template目录下存放错误页面的HTML文件。

@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/error")
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
public class ErrorPagesController implements ErrorController {private ErrorAttributes errorAttributes;@Autowiredprivate ServerProperties serverProperties;/*** 初始化ExceptionController** @param errorAttributes*/@Autowiredpublic ErrorPagesController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {Assert.notNull(errorAttributes, "ErrorAttributes must not be null");this.errorAttributes = errorAttributes;}@RequestMapping("/404")public ModelAndView errorHtml404(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, WebRequest webRequest) {response.setStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value());Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));model.put("queryString", request.getQueryString());return new ModelAndView("error/404", model);}@RequestMapping("/403")public ModelAndView errorHtml403(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, WebRequest webRequest) {response.setStatus(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());// 404拦截规则，如果是静态文件发生的404则不记录到DBMap<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));model.put("queryString", request.getQueryString());if (!String.valueOf(model.get("path")).contains(".")) {model.put("status", HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());}return new ModelAndView("error/403", model);}@RequestMapping("/400")public ModelAndView errorHtml400(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, WebRequest webRequest) {response.setStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value());Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));model.put("queryString", request.getQueryString());return new ModelAndView("error/400", model);}@RequestMapping("/401")public ModelAndView errorHtml401(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, WebRequest webRequest) {response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));model.put("queryString", request.getQueryString());return new ModelAndView("error/401", model);}@RequestMapping("/500")public ModelAndView errorHtml500(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, WebRequest webRequest) {response.setStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value());Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));model.put("queryString", request.getQueryString());return new ModelAndView("error/500", model);}/*** Determine if the stacktrace attribute should be included.** @param request*         the source request* @param produces*         the media type produced (or {@code MediaType.ALL})* @return if the stacktrace attribute should be included*/protected boolean isIncludeStackTrace(HttpServletRequest request,MediaType produces) {ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace include = this.serverProperties.getError().getIncludeStacktrace();if (include == ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS) {return true;}return include == ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.ON_TRACE_PARAM && getTraceParameter(request);}/*** 获取错误的信息** @param webRequest* @param includeStackTrace* @return*/private Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest,boolean includeStackTrace) {return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace);}/*** 是否包含trace** @param request* @return*/private boolean getTraceParameter(HttpServletRequest request) {String parameter = request.getParameter("trace");return parameter != null && !"false".equalsIgnoreCase(parameter);}/*** 获取错误编码** @param request* @return*/private HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");if (statusCode == null) {return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;}try {return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("获取当前HttpStatus发生异常", ex);return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;}}/*** 实现错误路径,暂时无用** @return*/@Overridepublic String getErrorPath() {return "";}
}

以上就是SpringBoot异常处理ErrorController详解，如果大家喜欢请一键三连。