ov5640摄像头使用心得

配置总共分以下几步：
一：硬件初始化
OV5640_HW_Init();

void OV5640_HW_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;I2C_InitTypeDef  I2C_InitStruct;/***DCMI引脚配置***//* 使能DCMI时钟 */RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_CLK|DCMI_RST_GPIO_CLK|DCMI_VSYNC_GPIO_CLK | DCMI_HSYNC_GPIO_CLK | DCMI_PIXCLK_GPIO_CLK|DCMI_D0_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D1_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D2_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D3_GPIO_CLK|DCMI_D4_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D5_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D6_GPIO_CLK| DCMI_D7_GPIO_CLK, ENABLE);/*控制/同步信号线*/GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_VSYNC_GPIO_PIN;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_VSYNC_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_VSYNC_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_VSYNC_PINSOURCE, DCMI_VSYNC_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_HSYNC_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_HSYNC_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_HSYNC_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_HSYNC_PINSOURCE, DCMI_HSYNC_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_PIXCLK_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_PIXCLK_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_PIXCLK_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_PIXCLK_PINSOURCE, DCMI_PIXCLK_AF);/*数据信号*/GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D0_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D0_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D0_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D0_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D0_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D1_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D1_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D1_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D1_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D1_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D2_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D2_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D2_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D2_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D2_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D3_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D3_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D3_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D3_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D3_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D4_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D4_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D4_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D4_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D4_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D5_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D5_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D5_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D5_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D5_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D6_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D6_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D6_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D6_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D6_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_D7_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_D7_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(DCMI_D7_GPIO_PORT, DCMI_D7_PINSOURCE, DCMI_D7_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_2MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DCMI_RST_GPIO_PIN ;GPIO_Init(DCMI_RST_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);/*PWDN引脚，高电平关闭电源，低电平供电*/GPIO_ResetBits(DCMI_RST_GPIO_PORT,DCMI_RST_GPIO_PIN);GPIO_SetBits(DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PORT,DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PIN);Delay(10);GPIO_ResetBits(DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PORT,DCMI_PWDN_GPIO_PIN);//先拉低RST, 关闭电源10ms，然后打开电源， 等待10ms，此时复位完毕，然后RST拉高开始工作！Delay(10);GPIO_SetBits(DCMI_RST_GPIO_PORT,DCMI_RST_GPIO_PIN);/****** 配置I2C，使用I2C与摄像头的SCCB接口通讯*****//* 使能I2C时钟 */RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(CAMERA_I2C_CLK, ENABLE);/* 使能I2C使用的GPIO时钟 */RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(CAMERA_I2C_SCL_GPIO_CLK|CAMERA_I2C_SDA_GPIO_CLK, ENABLE);/* 配置引脚源 */GPIO_PinAFConfig(CAMERA_I2C_SCL_GPIO_PORT, CAMERA_I2C_SCL_SOURCE, CAMERA_I2C_SCL_AF);GPIO_PinAFConfig(CAMERA_I2C_SDA_GPIO_PORT, CAMERA_I2C_SDA_SOURCE, CAMERA_I2C_SDA_AF);/* 初始化GPIO */GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = CAMERA_I2C_SCL_PIN ;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_2MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;GPIO_Init(CAMERA_I2C_SCL_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_PinAFConfig(CAMERA_I2C_SCL_GPIO_PORT, CAMERA_I2C_SCL_SOURCE, CAMERA_I2C_SCL_AF);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = CAMERA_I2C_SDA_PIN ;GPIO_Init(CAMERA_I2C_SDA_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);/*初始化I2C模式 */I2C_DeInit(CAMERA_I2C); I2C_InitStruct.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;I2C_InitStruct.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;I2C_InitStruct.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0xFE;I2C_InitStruct.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;I2C_InitStruct.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;I2C_InitStruct.I2C_ClockSpeed = 400000;/* 写入配置 */I2C_Init(CAMERA_I2C, &I2C_InitStruct);/* 使能I2C */I2C_Cmd(CAMERA_I2C, ENABLE);Delay(50);
}

二：判断摄像头是否已经挂载

OV5640_ReadID(&OV5640_IDStruct);if(OV5640_IDStruct.PIDH == 0x56){printf("OV5640 IS MOUNTED!\r\n");}

三：颜色配置

void OV5640_RGB565Config(void)
{uint32_t i;/*摄像头复位*/OV5640_Reset();/* 写入寄存器配置 *//* Initialize OV5640   Set to output RGB565 */for(i=0; i<(sizeof(RGB565_Init)/4); i++){OV5640_WriteReg(RGB565_Init[i][0], RGB565_Init[i][1]);sensor_reg[i] = OV5640_ReadReg(RGB565_Init[i][0]);CAMERA_DEBUG("sensor_reg[0x%x]:%x-%x\n",RGB565_Init[i][0],RGB565_Init[i][1],sensor_reg[i]);}Delay_ms(500);if(img_width == 320)ImageFormat=BMP_320x240;else if(img_width == 640)ImageFormat=BMP_640x480;else if(img_width == 800)ImageFormat=BMP_800x480;switch(ImageFormat){case BMP_320x240:{for(i=0; i<(sizeof(RGB565_QVGA)/2); i++){OV5640_WriteReg(RGB565_QVGA[i][0], RGB565_QVGA[i][1]);}break;}case BMP_640x480:{for(i=0; i<(sizeof(RGB565_VGA)/2); i++){OV5640_WriteReg(RGB565_VGA[i][0], RGB565_VGA[i][1]);}break;}case BMP_800x480:{for(i=0; i<(sizeof(RGB565_WVGA)/2); i++)       //?{OV5640_WriteReg(RGB565_WVGA[i][0], RGB565_WVGA[i][1]);}break;}default:{for(i=0; i<(sizeof(RGB565_WVGA)/2); i++){OV5640_WriteReg(RGB565_WVGA[i][0], RGB565_WVGA[i][1]);}break;}}
}

四：性能参数设置

void OV5640_USER_Config(void)
{   OV5640_FrameRate_Set(cam_mode.frame_rate);Delay_ms(100);//  OV5640_ISPSize_Set(cam_mode.cam_isp_sx,
//                                           cam_mode.cam_isp_sy,
//                                           cam_mode.cam_isp_width,
//                                           cam_mode.cam_isp_height);
//  Delay(100);OV5640_OutSize_Set(cam_mode.scaling,cam_mode.cam_out_sx,cam_mode.cam_out_sy,cam_mode.cam_out_width,cam_mode.cam_out_height);Delay(100);OV5640_BrightnessConfig(cam_mode.brightness);Delay(100);OV5640_Color_Saturation(cam_mode.saturation);Delay(100);OV5640_ContrastConfig(cam_mode.contrast);Delay(100);OV5640_Exposure(cam_mode.exposure);Delay(100);OV5640_LightMode(cam_mode.light_mode);Delay(100);OV5640_SpecialEffects(cam_mode.effect);    Delay(100);//   Delay(500);
}

五：DCMI以及DMA配置

void OV5640_Init(void)
{DCMI_InitTypeDef DCMI_InitStructure;NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;RCC_AHB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB2Periph_DCMI, ENABLE);RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA2, ENABLE); DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_CaptureMode = DCMI_CaptureMode_Continuous;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_SynchroMode = DCMI_SynchroMode_Hardware;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_PCKPolarity = DCMI_PCKPolarity_Rising;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_VSPolarity = DCMI_VSPolarity_High;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_HSPolarity = DCMI_HSPolarity_Low;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_CaptureRate = DCMI_CaptureRate_All_Frame;DCMI_InitStructure.DCMI_ExtendedDataMode = DCMI_ExtendedDataMode_8b;DCMI_Init(&DCMI_InitStructure);    OV5640_Start_DMA((uint32_t)LCD_MemoryAdd,160 * 800 * 2 / 4);//每次传输160行NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_1);NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DMA2_Stream1_IRQn ;//DMA数据流中断NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);DMA_ITConfig(DMA2_Stream1,DMA_IT_TC,ENABLE);    /* 配置帧中断，接收到帧同步信号就进入中断 */NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DCMI_IRQn ;   //帧中断NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority =0;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);DCMI_ITConfig (DCMI_IT_FRAME,ENABLE);   }

六：配置DMA发送完成中断和DCMI帧中断

void DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler(void)
{if(DMA_GetITStatus(DMA2_Stream1, DMA_IT_TCIF1) == SET){//DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA2_Stream1, DMA_IT_TCIF1);//放在这里不行，不知道为啥linenum++;if(3 == linenum){linenum = 0;}OV5640_Start_DMA(LCD_MemoryAdd + 160*(800 *2*linenum), 160*800 * 2 /4);DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA2_Stream1, DMA_IT_TCIF1);}
}void DCMI_IRQHandler(void)
{if(DCMI_GetITStatus(DCMI_IT_FRAME) == SET){DCMI_ClearITPendingBit(DCMI_IT_FRAME);linenum = 0;}//OV5640_Start_DMA(LCD_MemoryAdd, 800 * 2 /4);}

因为DMA每次发送的项数不能超过65535，每一项的大小为数据源的宽度，即PSIZE = 字，因此每次控制传输不能超过65535字，而每一行的大小为800 x 2 / 4（字），那么160 x 800 x 2 / 4 = 64000（字） < 65535(字），这样分三次传输完一帧（480行），每次传输160行，有效减少了出入DMA中断的次数，每帧进入DMA中断三次，然后在DCMI帧中断里重新开始新的一帧传输，保证同步。

六：开始捕捉

DCMI_Cmd(ENABLE);
DCMI_CaptureCmd(ENABLE);

注：
这里我的LCD第一层设置像素格式为RGB565,第二层设置为ARGB1555（可以实现字幕在画面上方的效果）,
LTDC时钟经测试25M合适
效果图：

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