Unity 自由视角的惯性旋转

旋转视角

基础旋转

相机环绕角色旋转，使用RotateAround函数

视角水平旋转，以角色为圆心，以竖直向上的方向向量为旋转轴

视角上下旋转，从角色正面旋转到角色头顶，以角色为圆心，以相机左侧的方向向量为旋转轴，这种旋转之后，相机可能会倾斜，所以最后要使用LookAt函数修正，让相机正确地朝向角色

transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex);
transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, angley);
transform.LookAt(focus);

限制转动视角

只需要限制视角的上下旋转。

设相机为C，角色为P，拿到一个待旋转角∠C'PC，计算 $\underset{CP}{\rightarrow}$ 与 $\underset{CD}{\rightarrow}$ 的夹角，也就是∠PCD，再间接计算出∠CPQ，最后再判断∠C'PC+∠CPQ是否超出限制的范围即可。

currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角
if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree)angley = 0;

通过鼠标拖拽速度来旋转视角

思路

按下鼠标左键时，每一帧都获取鼠标的位置，通过两帧之间的鼠标位置之差除以两帧之间的时间，即可求得两帧之间的鼠标速度。

将鼠标速度作为视角旋转的依据，将鼠标速度转换为视角旋转的角度，转化比率可自己设定。

代码

    float mouseVelocityX;float mouseVelocityY;Vector3? point1;//旋转每度，在一帧中需要的速度int DragVelocityPerAngle = 170;void DragToRotateView_Velocity(){if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))                //按下鼠标左键的每一帧都执行{var point2 = Input.mousePosition;if (point1 != null){mouseVelocityX = -(point1.Value.x - point2.x) / Time.deltaTime;mouseVelocityY = -(point1.Value.y - point2.y) / Time.deltaTime;}point1 = point2;float anglex = mouseVelocityX / DragVelocityPerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的速度转化为角度float angley = mouseVelocityY / DragVelocityPerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree)angley = 0;transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, angley);transform.LookAt(focus);                    //如果没有这一句，摄像头转着转着就会歪RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;                 //更新相对位置}if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0))       //脱手瞬间{point1 = null;}}

基于速度的惯性旋转

实现方式

将惯性运动的初速度设定为鼠标左键松开时的鼠标移动速度，随后用协程实现

获取惯性运动的初速度

        if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0))       //脱手瞬间{point1 = null;inertialRotation = true;lastMouseVelocityX = mouseVelocityX;lastMouseVelocityY = mouseVelocityY;if (lastMouseVelocityX > maxlastMouseVelocityX) lastMouseVelocityX = maxlastMouseVelocityX;else if (lastMouseVelocityX < -maxlastMouseVelocityX) lastMouseVelocityX = -maxlastMouseVelocityX;if (lastMouseVelocityX > 0) isCounterClockwise = true;else if (lastMouseVelocityX < 0) isCounterClockwise = false;//print(lastMouseVelocityX);}if(inertialRotation==true)StartCoroutine("InertialRotation");     //通过协程来实现视角的惯性旋转，调用协程只有写在Update里并且在每一帧都被调用时才会继续执行

通过协程实现视角的惯性旋转

    bool inertialRotation = false;      //是否需要视角的惯性旋转float lastMouseVelocityX;           //脱手瞬间鼠标速度float lastMouseVelocityY;float maxlastMouseVelocityX = 3000; bool isCounterClockwise;            //旋转方向IEnumerator InertialRotation()      //在旋转末尾补上一个逐渐减缓的惯性旋转{yield return null;float anglex = lastMouseVelocityX / DragVelocityPerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的速度转化为角度float angley = lastMouseVelocityY / DragVelocityPerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree + 10)angley = 0;lastMouseVelocityX -= lastMouseVelocityX * 0.08f;lastMouseVelocityY -= lastMouseVelocityY * 0.08f;if ((isCounterClockwise && (anglex < 1))||!isCounterClockwise && (anglex > -1)){StopCoroutine("InertialRotation");inertialRotation = false;}    transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex/3);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, Mathf.Abs(angley/25));transform.LookAt(focus);RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;}

通过鼠标拖拽距离来旋转视角

思路

按下鼠标左键时，每一帧都获取鼠标的位置。

将两帧之间的鼠标拖拽距离作为视角旋转的依据，将距离转换为视角旋转的角度，转化比率可自己设定。

代码

    Vector3 Point1;Vector3 Point2;//旋转每度，在一帧中需要拖拽的距离int DragDistancePerAngle = 20;void DragToRotateView_Distance(){if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))                //按下鼠标左键的每一帧都执行{Point2 = Input.mousePosition;float dx = Point2.x - Point1.x;float dy = Point2.y - Point1.y;float anglex = dx / DragDistancePerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的距离转化为角度float angley = dy / DragDistancePerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);                    //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree)angley = 0;transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, angley);transform.LookAt(focus);                    //如果没有这一句，摄像头转着转着就会歪RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;                 //更新相对位置Point1 = Point2;Point2 = Vector3.zero;}}

基于鼠标拖拽距离的惯性旋转

按下鼠标瞬间记录拖拽起点，松开鼠标瞬间记录拖拽终点

获取两帧之间的拖拽距离

        if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))                //按下鼠标左键的瞬间，记录起始位置{Point1 = Input.mousePosition;StartPoint = Point1;}if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0)){EndPoint = Input.mousePosition;if (Point1!=EndPoint)                       //鼠标无速度则不进行惯性旋转inertialRotation = true;dragX = EndPoint.x - StartPoint.x;dragY = EndPoint.y - StartPoint.y;if (dragX > maxdragX) dragX = maxdragX;else if (dragX < -maxdragX) dragX = -maxdragX;if (dragX > 0) isCounterClockwise = true;else if (dragX < 0) isCounterClockwise = false;print(dragX);}if (inertialRotation == true)StartCoroutine("InertialRotation2");

通过协程实现视角的惯性旋转

Vector3 StartPoint;     //拖拽起点Vector3 EndPoint;       //拖拽终点float dragX;        //水平拖拽距离float dragY;        //垂直拖拽距离float maxdragX = 3000;float sactor = 10;  //惯性系数IEnumerator InertialRotation2()      //在旋转末尾补上一个逐渐减缓的惯性旋转{yield return null;float anglex = dragX / DragDistancePerAngle / sactor;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的距离转化为角度float angley = dragY / DragDistancePerAngle / sactor;                   currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree + 10)angley = 0;dragX -= dragX * 0.05f;dragY -= dragY * 0.05f;print(dragX);if ((isCounterClockwise && (anglex < 1)) || !isCounterClockwise && (anglex > -1)){StopCoroutine("InertialRotation2");inertialRotation = false;}transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex / 4);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, Mathf.Abs(angley/4));transform.LookAt(focus);RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;}

效果

完整代码

    /*-----------------调整视角------------------*///相机旋转方案public CameraRotateBy cameraRotateBy = CameraRotateBy.MouseVelocity;public enum CameraRotateBy{MouseVelocity,Distance,}//最小水平夹角public float MinimumDegree = 0;//最大水平夹角public float MaximumDegree = 60;//两点连线与水平方向的夹角float currentAngleY;/*方案一以两帧之间的鼠标移动速度为依据进行旋转*/float mouseVelocityX;float mouseVelocityY;Vector3? point1;//旋转每度，在一帧中需要的速度int DragVelocityPerAngle = 170;//脱手瞬间鼠标速度float lastMouseVelocityX;float lastMouseVelocityY;void DragToRotateView_Velocity(){if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))                //按下鼠标左键的每一帧都执行{var point2 = Input.mousePosition;if (point1 != null){mouseVelocityX = -(point1.Value.x - point2.x) / Time.deltaTime;mouseVelocityY = -(point1.Value.y - point2.y) / Time.deltaTime;}point1 = point2;float anglex = mouseVelocityX / DragVelocityPerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的速度转化为角度float angley = mouseVelocityY / DragVelocityPerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree)angley = 0;transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, angley);transform.LookAt(focus);                    //如果没有这一句，摄像头转着转着就会歪RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;                 //更新相对位置}if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0))       //脱手瞬间{point1 = null;inertialRotation = true;lastMouseVelocityX = mouseVelocityX;lastMouseVelocityY = mouseVelocityY;if (lastMouseVelocityX > maxlastMouseVelocityX) lastMouseVelocityX = maxlastMouseVelocityX;else if (lastMouseVelocityX < -maxlastMouseVelocityX) lastMouseVelocityX = -maxlastMouseVelocityX;if (lastMouseVelocityX > 0) isCounterClockwise = true;else if (lastMouseVelocityX < 0) isCounterClockwise = false;//print(lastMouseVelocityX);}if(inertialRotation==true)StartCoroutine("InertialRotation");     //通过协程来实现视角的惯性旋转，调用协程只有写在Update里并且在每一帧都被调用时才会继续执行}bool inertialRotation = false;      //是否需要视角的惯性旋转float maxlastMouseVelocityX = 3000; bool isCounterClockwise;            //旋转方向IEnumerator InertialRotation()      //在旋转末尾补上一个逐渐减缓的惯性旋转{yield return null;float anglex = lastMouseVelocityX / DragVelocityPerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的速度转化为角度float angley = lastMouseVelocityY / DragVelocityPerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree + 10)angley = 0;lastMouseVelocityX -= lastMouseVelocityX * 0.08f;lastMouseVelocityY -= lastMouseVelocityY * 0.08f;//print(lastMouseVelocityX);if ((isCounterClockwise && (anglex < 1))||!isCounterClockwise && (anglex > -1)){StopCoroutine("InertialRotation");inertialRotation = false;}    transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex/3);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, Mathf.Abs(angley/25));transform.LookAt(focus);RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;}/*方案二以两帧之间的鼠标移动距离为依据进行旋转*/Vector3 Point1;Vector3 Point2;//旋转每度，在一帧中需要拖拽的距离int DragDistancePerAngle = 20;void DragToRotateView_Distance(){float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");if (!(h==0&&v==0))                  //不运动时的旋转灵敏度{DragDistancePerAngle = 17;      //松手前拖拽灵敏度sactor = 10;                    //松手后拖拽灵敏度}else                                //运动时的旋转灵敏度{DragDistancePerAngle = 8;sactor = 4;}if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))                //按下鼠标左键的瞬间，记录起始位置{Point1 = Input.mousePosition;StartPoint = Point1;}if (Input.GetMouseButton(0))                //按下鼠标左键的每一帧都执行{Point2 = Input.mousePosition;float dx = Point2.x - Point1.x;float dy = Point2.y - Point1.y;float anglex = dx / DragDistancePerAngle;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的距离转化为角度float angley = dy / DragDistancePerAngle;currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);                    //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree)angley = 0;transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, angley);transform.LookAt(focus);                    //如果没有这一句，摄像头转着转着就会歪RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;                 //更新相对位置Point1 = Point2;Point2 = Vector3.zero;}if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0)){EndPoint = Input.mousePosition;if (Point1!=EndPoint)                       //鼠标无速度则不进行惯性旋转inertialRotation = true;dragX = EndPoint.x - StartPoint.x;dragY = EndPoint.y - StartPoint.y;if (dragX > maxdragX) dragX = maxdragX;else if (dragX < -maxdragX) dragX = -maxdragX;if (dragX > 0) isCounterClockwise = true;else if (dragX < 0) isCounterClockwise = false;print(dragX);}if (inertialRotation == true)StartCoroutine("InertialRotation2");}Vector3 StartPoint;     //拖拽起点Vector3 EndPoint;       //拖拽终点float dragX;        //水平拖拽距离float dragY;        //垂直拖拽距离float maxdragX = 3000;float sactor = 10;  //惯性系数IEnumerator InertialRotation2()      //在旋转末尾补上一个逐渐减缓的惯性旋转{yield return null;float anglex = dragX / DragDistancePerAngle / sactor;                   //将鼠标在屏幕上拖拽的距离转化为角度float angley = dragY / DragDistancePerAngle / sactor;                   currentAngleY = 90 - Vector3.Angle(-RelativePosition, Vector3.down);            //计算两点连线与水平方向的夹角if (currentAngleY - angley > MaximumDegree || currentAngleY - angley < MinimumDegree + 10)angley = 0;dragX -= dragX * 0.05f;dragY -= dragY * 0.05f;print(dragX);if ((isCounterClockwise && (anglex < 1)) || !isCounterClockwise && (anglex > -1)){StopCoroutine("InertialRotation2");inertialRotation = false;}transform.RotateAround(focus.position, Vector3.up, anglex / 4);transform.RotateAround(focus.position, -transform.right, Mathf.Abs(angley/4));transform.LookAt(focus);RelativePosition = transform.position - focus.position;}

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