tkinter GUI编程
2024-05-19 14:36:02
tkinter
- 1. label 和 button（按钮和标签）
- 2. Entry 和 Text (文本输入和显示)
- 3. Listbox 列表部件 (选项列表 和 光标选择)
- 4. Radiobutton checkButton(选项按钮)
- 5.Scale 滑动条
- 6. Canvas 画布
- 7. menu菜单
- 8. frame 框架
- 9. messagebox 和simpledialog
- 10. pack place grid 布局
- 11 event 处理
- 12 颜色选择框和文件对话框
- 13 扩展模块ttk
https://dafarry.github.io/tkinterbook/
1. label 和 button（按钮和标签）
- 普通写法
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")var = tk.StringVar() # 设置变量
on_hit = False# 功能函数
def hit_me():global on_hitif not on_hit:on_hit = Truevar.set("you hit me!")else:on_hit = Falsevar.set("")# l = tk.Label(window, text='OMG', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2)
l = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var, bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2) # 设置label
l.pack() # 放置原件
b = tk.Button(window, text='hit me', width=15, heigh=2, command=hit_me) # 设置按钮
b.pack()
window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
- 面向对象写法
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""self.on_hit = Falseself.var = tk.StringVar()# 创建一个labellabel_01 = tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.var, bg='green', fg='black', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2) # 设置labellabel_01.pack()label_02 = tk.Label(self, text='天道\n酬勤\n厚德载物', fg='black', font=('黑体', 12), width=15, heigh=3,borderwidth=5, relief="solid", justify='right') # relief: 3D渲染方式label_02.pack()# 显示图像global photo # 如果声明为局部变量，笨方法执行之后，图像对象销毁，窗口显示不出来photo = tk.PhotoImage(file='img/mm.gif')label_03 = tk.Label(image=photo, width=300, heigh=300)label_03.pack()btn01 = tk.Button(self, width=15, heigh=2) # btn建立在当前的app之上btn01["text"] = "hit me"btn01["command"] = self.hit_mebtn01.pack()# 创建一个退出按钮btnQuit = tk.Button(self, text="退出", command=root.destroy)btnQuit.pack()# 功能函数def hit_me(self):if not self.on_hit:self.on_hit = Trueself.var.set("you hit me!")else:self.on_hit = Falseself.var.set("")root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("1080x720+100+100")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
2. Entry 和 Text (文本输入和显示)
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")def insert_point():var = e.get()t.insert('insert', var) # 在文本光标位置插入def insert_end():var = e.get()# t.insert('end', var) # 在文本末尾插入t.insert(2.1, var) # 在文本2行3列插入# e = tk.Entry(window, show='*')
e = tk.Entry(window, show=None) # 设置文本输入框
e.pack()b1 = tk.Button(window, text='insert_point', width=15, heigh=2, command=insert_point) # 设置按钮
b1.pack()b2 = tk.Button(window, text='insert_end', width=15, heigh=2, command=insert_end) # 设置按钮
b2.pack()t = tk.Text(window, height=2) #设置文本显示框
t.pack()window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
tkinter中的Text组件能够显示文本，如何动态显示输出。我的解决方法是使用Text组件的update()方法，因为窗口的刷新需要事件的触发才能刷新，而文本的动态刷新我们只需要把Text对象保存，每次需要插入文本时使用如下的方式来及时更新：
## 格式化输出的字符串
textvar = "Step:%3d,Train_loss:%9g,Train_accuracy: %g" %(itr, loss_train, accuracy_train)
## 插入对应的Text对象中
tebox.insert('insert', textvar+'\n')
插入后及时的更新
tebox.update()
3. Listbox 列表部件 (选项列表 和 光标选择)
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")def print_selection():value = lb.get(lb.curselection()) # 获取listbox中光标所在位置的数据var1.set(value)var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=4, textvariable=var1)
l.pack()b1 = tk.Button(window, text='print selection', width=15, heigh=2, command=print_selection) # 设置按钮
b1.pack()var2 = tk.StringVar()
var2.set((11,22,33,44)) # 设置默认变量
lb = tk.Listbox(window,listvariable=var2) #将默认参数赋值到listbox中
list_items = [1,2,3,4]
for item in list_items: lb.insert('end',item) # 在listbox中插入选项
lb.insert(1, 'first')
lb.insert(2, 'second')
lb.delete(2)
lb.pack()window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
4. Radiobutton checkButton(选项按钮)
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")def print_selection():l.config(text='you have select' + var1.get())var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()rb1 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="Option A", variable=var1, value='A', command=print_selection)
rb1.pack()rb2 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="Option B", variable=var1, value='B', command=print_selection)
rb2.pack()window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messageboxclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""self.codeHobby = tk.IntVar()self.videoHobby = tk.IntVar()tk.Checkbutton(root, text="敲代码",variable=self.codeHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')tk.Checkbutton(root, text="看视频",variable=self.videoHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')tk.Button(root, text="确定", command=self.confirm, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')self.t = tk.Text(root, height=2)self.t.pack(side='left')# 功能函数def confirm(self):if self.videoHobby.get() == 1:self.t.insert('end', "看视频")if self.codeHobby.get() == 1:self.t.insert('end', "敲代码")root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x100")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
5.Scale 滑动条
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("480x320")def print_selection(v):l.config(text='you have select' + v)newFont = ("黑体", v)label.config(font=newFont)var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()# length代表像素的宽度; orient=tk.HORIZONTAL横向显示；showvalue是否显示滑动条数值，resolution保留小数点位数， tickinterval显示间隔
# s = tk.Scale(window, label='try me', from_=10, to=50, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,
# length=200, showvalue=1, tickinterval=2, resolution=0.1, command=print_selection)s = tk.Scale(window, label='try me', from_=10, to=50, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,length=200, showvalue=1, tickinterval=2, command=print_selection)
s.pack()label = tk.Label(window, text="滑块控制大小", width=20, height=1, bg="green", fg="black")
label.pack()window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
6. Canvas 画布
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg='blue', height=640, width=640) # 创建画布
image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='./img/wx.jpg_欧美CG.jpg') # 加载图片
image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_file) # 创建图片
rect = canvas.create_rectangle(100, 30, 100 + 50, 30 + 50) # 创建矩形canvas.pack()def moveit():canvas.move(rect, 0, 50) # x移动0，y移动50b = tk.Button(window, text='move', command=moveit)
b.pack()
window.mainloop() # 主循环刷新页面
7. menu菜单
- Menu
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')l = tk.Label(window, text='', bg='yellow')
l.pack()
counter = 0def do_job():global counterl.config(text='do ' + str(counter))counter += 1menubar = tk.Menu(window)
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=filemenu)
filemenu.add_command(label='New', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Open', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Save', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_separator() # 添加分割线
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit', command=window.quit) #退出editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu=editmenu)
editmenu.add_command(label='Cut', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Copy', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Paste', command=do_job)submenu = tk.Menu(filemenu)
filemenu.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)
submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=do_job)window.config(menu=menubar)window.mainloop()
- 设计一个记事本软件：可以新建、打开、保存txt文件，并支持快捷键
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.simpledialog import *class Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""# 創建主菜单栏 menubarmenubar = tk.Menu(root)# 创建子菜单menuFile = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menuEdit = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menuHelp = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)# 将子菜单加入子菜单栏menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(F)', menu=menuFile)menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menuEdit)menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助(H)', menu=menuHelp)# 添加菜单项menuFile.add_command(label='New', accelerator="ctrl+n", command=self.newfile)menuFile.add_command(label='Open', accelerator="ctrl+o", command=self.openfile)menuFile.add_command(label='Save', accelerator="ctrl+s", command=self.savefile)menuFile.add_separator() # 添加分割线menuFile.add_command(label='Exit', accelerator="ctrl+q", command=root.quit) # 退出menuEdit.add_command(label='Cut', command=self.do_job)menuEdit.add_command(label='Copy', command=self.do_job)menuEdit.add_command(label='Paste', command=self.do_job)# 为File继续添加子菜单submenu = tk.Menu(menuFile)menuFile.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=self.do_job)# 将主菜单添加到根窗口root["menu"] = menubar# 增加快捷键的处理root.bind("<Control-n>", lambda event: self.newfile())root.bind("<Control-o>", lambda event: self.openfile())root.bind("<Control-s>", lambda event: self.savefile())root.bind("<Control-q>", lambda event: self.quit())# 添加上下文菜单，快捷菜单self.contextMenu = Menu(root)self.contextMenu.add_command(label="背景颜色", command=self.openAskcolor)root.bind("<Button-3>", self.creatContextMenu) # 为右键绑定事件# 显示测试结果self.textPad = tk.Text(self.master)self.textPad.pack()def creatContextMenu(self, event):# 菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)self.textPad.insert('insert', 'you hit me, 坐标为({},{})\n'.format(event.x_root, event.y_root))def do_job(self):a = askinteger(title="输入年龄", prompt="请输入年龄", initialvalue=18, minvalue=1, maxvalue=120)self.textPad.insert('insert', str(a) + '\n')def newfile(self):self.textPad.delete(1.0, 'end') # 把text面板中所有内容清空self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title="另存为", initialfile="未命名.txt", filetypes=[("文本文档", "*.txt")],defaultextension=".txt")self.savefile()def openfile(self):self.textPad.delete(1.0, 'end') # 把text面板中所有内容清空with askopenfile(title="上传文件") as f:self.textPad.insert('insert', f.read())self.filename = f.namedef savefile(self):with open(self.filename, 'w') as f:context = self.textPad.get(1.0, 'end') # 过去记事本中所有内容f.write(context)def openAskcolor(self):s1 = askcolor(color='red', title="选择背景色")self.textPad.config(bg=s1[1])root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
- optionMenu
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""self.v = tk.StringVar(self.master)self.v.set("程序员")om = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.v, "算法工程师", "程序员", "产品经理")om["width"] = 10om.pack()tk.Button(self.master, text="确定", command=self.func).pack()# 显示测试结果self.t = tk.Text(self.master)self.t.pack()def func(self):info = "最喜爱的职位: " + str(self.v.get()) + "\n"print(info)self.t.insert('insert', info)root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
8. frame 框架
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')
tk.Label(window, text='on the window').pack()frm = tk.Frame(window)
frm.pack()
frm_l = tk.Frame(frm, )
frm_r = tk.Frame(frm)
frm_l.pack(side='left')
frm_r.pack(side='right')tk.Label(frm_l, text='on the frm_l1').pack()
tk.Label(frm_l, text='on the frm_l2').pack()
tk.Label(frm_r, text='on the frm_r1').pack()
window.mainloop()
9. messagebox 和simpledialog
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messageboxwindow = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')def hit_me():# tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Hi', message='hahahaha') # return 'ok'# tk.messagebox.showwarning(title='Hi', message='nononono') # return 'ok'# tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Hi', message='No!! never') # return 'ok'#print(tk.messagebox.askquestion(title='Hi', message='hahahaha')) # return 'yes' , 'no'# print(tk.messagebox.askyesno(title='Hi', message='hahahaha')) # return True, False# print(tk.messagebox.askokcancel(title='Hi', message='hahahaha')) # return True, Falseprint(tk.messagebox.askyesnocancel(title="Hi", message="haha")) # return, True, False, Nonetk.Button(window, text='hit me', command=hit_me).pack()
window.mainloop()
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.simpledialog import *class Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""tk.Button(self.master, text="你多大了？请输入", command=self.simpleDia).pack()# 显示测试结果self.t = tk.Text(self.master)self.t.pack()def simpleDia(self):a = askinteger(title="输入年龄", prompt="请输入年龄", initialvalue=18, minvalue=1, maxvalue=120)self.t.insert('insert', str(a) + '\n')root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
10. pack place grid 布局
import tkinter as tkwindow = tk.Tk()
window.geometry('200x200')#canvas = tk.Canvas(window, height=150, width=500)
#canvas.grid(row=1, column=1)
#image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='welcome.gif')
#image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_file)#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='top')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='bottom')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='left')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='right')# grid
# for i in range(4): # 4行3列
# for j in range(3):
# tk.Label(window, text=1).grid(row=i, column=j, padx=10, pady=10)#place
tk.Label(window, text=1).place(x=20, y=10, anchor='nw')window.mainloop()
- grid
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""tk.Label(self, text="用户名").grid(row=0, column=0)entry_01 = tk.Entry(self)entry_01.grid(row=0, column=1)tk.Label(self, text="用户名为手机号").grid(row=0, column=2)tk.Label(self, text="密码").grid(row=1, column=0)tk.Entry(self,show="*").grid(row=1, column=1)tk.Button(self,text="登录").grid(row=2, column=1, sticky="ew")tk.Button(self, text="取消").grid(row=2, column=2, sticky="e")root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("720x480")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""btnText = (("MC", "M+", "M-", "MR"),("C", "±", "/", "&"),(7, 8, 9, "-"),(4, 5, 6, "+"),(1, 2, 3, "="),(0, "."))tk.Entry(self).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)for rindex, r in enumerate(btnText):for cindex, c in enumerate(r):if c == "=":tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex, rowspan=2, sticky="nsew")elif c == 0:tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")elif c == ".":tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex+1, sticky="nsew")else:tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex, sticky="nsew")root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("200x250")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()=
- pack
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""f1 = tk.Frame(root)f2 = tk.Frame(root)f1.pack()f2.pack()btnText = ("流行风", "中国风", "日本风", "重金属", "轻音乐")for tex in btnText:tk.Button(f1, text=tex).pack(side="left", padx="10")for i in range(20):tk.Label(f2, width=5, height=10, borderwidth=1, relief="solid",bg="black" if i %2 == 0 else "white").pack(side="left", padx=2)root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("900x220")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
- place
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""f1 = tk.Frame(root,width=300, height=300,bg="green")f1.place(x=30, y=30) # 绝对坐标tk.Button(root, text="relx=0.2, x=300, y=20, relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.5").\place(relx=0.2, x=300, y=20, relwidth=0.5, relheight=0.5) # relx和x同时存在，先定位在relx位置，再偏移x位置tk.Button(f1, text=" Button relx=0.2, rely=0.5").place(relx=0.2, rely=0.5)tk.Label(f1, text="Label relx=0.5, rely=0.2").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.2)root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("1000x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
11 event 处理
import tkinter as tkclass Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""self.c1 = tk.Canvas(self.master, width=200, height=200, bg='green')self.c1.pack()self.c1.bind("<Button-1>", self.mouseTest) # 绑定左键点击事件self.c1.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.dragTest) # 绑定拖动事件self.master.bind("<KeyPress>", self.keyboardTest) # 绑定键盘事件self.master.bind("<KeyPress-a>", self.press_a_test)self.master.bind("<KeyRelease-a>", self.release_a_test)# lambda 传参btn_1 = tk.Button(self.master, text="测试command 传参", command=lambda: self.mouse_param_Test(1, 2))btn_1.pack()# 给所有的Button按钮绑定右键单击事件btn_2 = tk.Button(self.master, text="测试bind绑定")btn_2.pack()btn_2.bind_class("Button", "<Button-3>", self.mouse_bindAll_Test)# 用于显示结果self.t = tk.Text(self.master)# self.t.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.5, relwidth=0.5, relheight=0.5)self.t.pack()def mouseTest(self, event):print("鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父容器）：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x, event.y))print("鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父屏幕)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x_root, event.y_root))print("事件绑定的组件：{0}\n".format(event.widget))self.t.insert('insert', "鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父容器)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x, event.y))self.t.insert('insert', "鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父屏幕)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x_root, event.y_root))self.t.insert('insert', "事件绑定的组件：{0}\n".format(event.widget))def mouse_param_Test(self, a,b):self.t.insert('insert', "a:{0} b:{1}\n".format(a, b))def mouse_bindAll_Test(self,event):print("右键单击事件，绑定给所有的按钮！")self.t.insert('insert', "右键单击事件，绑定给所有的按钮！ " + str(event.widget) + "\n")def dragTest(self, event):self.c1.create_oval(event.x, event.y, event.x + 1, event.y + 1)def keyboardTest(self,event):print("健的keycode: {0}，键的char: {1}，键的keysym: {2}".format(event.keycode, event.char, event.keysym))self.t.insert('insert', "健的keycode: {0}，键的char: {1}，键的keysym: {2}\n".format(event.keycode, event.char, event.keysym))def press_a_test(self, event):print("press a")self.t.insert('insert', "press a\n")def release_a_test(self,event):print("release a")self.t.insert('insert', "release a\n")root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
12 颜色选择框和文件对话框
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *class Application(tk.Frame):"""一个经典的GUI程序"""def __init__(self, master=None):super().__init__(master)self.master = masterself.pack()self.creatWidget()def creatWidget(self):"""创建组件:return:"""tk.Button(self.master, text="选择背景色", command=self.chose_color).pack()tk.Button(self.master, text="选择视频文件", command=self.chose_file).pack()tk.Button(self.master, text="读取文本文件", command=self.chose_read_file).pack()# 显示测试结果self.t = tk.Text(self.master)self.t.pack()def chose_color(self):# 颜色选择框s1 = askcolor(color='red', title="选择背景色") # s1的值 ((255.99609375, 0.0, 0.0), '#ff0000')self.t.insert('insert', str(s1) + '\n')self.t.config(bg=s1[1])def chose_file(self):# 文件对话框f = askopenfilename(title="上传文件", initialdir="d:", filetypes=[('视频文件', ".mp4")])self.t.insert('insert', str(f) + "\n")def chose_read_file(self):with askopenfile(title="上传文件", initialdir="d:", filetypes=[('文本文件', ".txt")]) as f:info = f.read()self.t.insert('insert', info + '\n')root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()
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